F

1. Symbol for fractional concentration, followed by subscripts indicating location and chemical species; free energy; Fahrenheit; farad; faraday; Faraday's constant; visual field; fluorine; force; filial generation, followed by subscript numerals indicating indicating specified matings; phenylalanine; variance ratio. 2. Abbreviation for focus (1) .

f f

Symbol for femto-; respiratory frequency; fugacity; formyl.

F.A.A.N. F.A.A.N.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing.

Fab Fab

See Fab fragment.

fabella fabella (fa-bel´la)

A sesamoid bone in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. [Mod. L. dim. of faba, bean]

Faber Faber

Knud H., Danish physician, 1862-1956. See F.'s anemia, syndrome.

fabism fabism (fa´bizm)

favism [L. faba, bean]

fabrication fabrication (fab-ri-ka´shun)

Telling false tales as true; e.g., the malingering of symptoms or illness or feigning an incorrect response or calculation during a psychological or mental status examination.fabulation;

Fabricius Fabricius , Fabrizzi

Girolamo (Hieronymus ab Aquapendente), Italian anatomist and embryologist, 1537-1619. See bursa fabricii; F.'s ship.

Fabry Fabry

Johannes, German dermatologist, 1860-1930. See F.'s disease.

fabulation fabulation (fab-yu-la´shun)

fabrication [L. fabulatio, fr. fabulor, pp. -atus, to speak]

F.A.C.C.P. F.A.C.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians.

F.A.C.D. F.A.C.D.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Dentists.

face face (fas)

1. The front portion of the head; the visage including eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chin; excludes ears.facies (1) ; 2. surface
bird f. brachygnathia
cow f. facies bovina
dish f. facies scaphoidea
frog f. the appearance caused by broadening of the nose which occurs in certain cases of nasal polyps.
hippocratic f. hippocratic facies
masklike f. Parkinson's facies
moon f. the round, usually red face, with large jowls, seen in Cushing's disease or in exogenous hyperadrenocorticalism.
moon shaped f. moon facies.

face-bow face-bow

A caliper-like device used to record the relationship of the jaws to the temporomandibular joints; the record may then be used to orient a cast or model of the maxilla to the opening and closing axis of the articulator.hinge-bow;
adjustable axis f. a f. whose caliper ends can be adjusted to permit location of the axis of rotation of the mandible.kinematic f;
kinematic f. adjustable axis f

face-lift face-lift

See rhytidectomy.

facet facet , facette (fas´et, fa-set´)

1. A small smooth area on a bone or other firm structure. 2. A worn spot on a tooth, produced by chewing or grinding. [Fr. facette]
articular f. a relatively small articular surface of a bone, especially a vertebra.
f. of atlas for dens a circular facet on the posterior (inner) surface of the anterior arch of the atlas which articulates with the dens of the axis.fovea dentis atlantis [NA], pit of atlas for dens;
clavicular f. clavicular notch of sternum
corneal f. a corneal depression following loss of stroma.
costal f.'s articular surface on a vertebra for articulation with a rib.
inferior articular f. of atlas one of two concave surfaces on the lateral masses of the atlas that articulate with corresponding surfaces on the axis.facies articularis inferior atlantis [NA], fovea articularis inferior atlantis, inferior articular pit of atlas;
inferior costal f. demifacet on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib.fovea costalis inferior [NA], inferior costal pit;
Lenoir's f. the medial articular surface of the patella.
locked f.'s dislocation of articular processes
superior articular f. of atlas one of two concave articular surfaces on the superior aspect of the lateral masses of the atlas that articulate with the occipital condyles.facies articularis superior atlantis [NA], fovea articularis superior atlantis, superior articular pit of atlas;
superior costal f. a demifacet on the upper edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib; a single rib articulates with the inferior costal f. and superior costal f. of the adjacent vertebrae.fovea costalis superior [NA], superior costal pit;
transverse costal f. a facet on the transverse process of a vertebra for articulation with the tubercle of a rib.fovea costalis processus transversi [NA], costal pit of transverse process;

facetectomy facetectomy (fas-e-tek´to-me)

Excision of a facet. [facet + G. ektome, excision]

facial facial (fa´shal)

Relating to the face.facialis [NA] ;

facialis facialis (fa-she-a´lis) [NA]

facial, facial [L.]

-facient -facient

Causing; one who or that which brings about. [L. facio, to make]

facies facies, pl. facies (fa´she-ez, fash´e-ez)

1. [NA] face (1) 2. [NA] surface 3. expression (2) [L.]
acromial articular f. of clavicle acromial articular surface of clavicle
adenoid f. the open-mouthed and often dull appearance in children with adenoid hypertrophy, associated with a pinched nose.
f. antebrachia´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior region of forearm
f. antebrachia´lis poste´rior [NA] * official alternate term for posterior region of forearm
f. ante´rior [NA] anterior surface
f. ante´rior antebra´chii anterior region of forearm
f. ante´rior bra´chii anterior region of arm
f. ante´rior cor´neae [NA] anterior surface of cornea
f. ante´rior cor´poris maxil´lae [NA] anterior surface of maxilla
f. ante´rior cru´ris anterior region of leg
f. ante´rior glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] anterior surface of suprarenal gland
f. ante´rior ir´idis [NA] anterior surface of iris
f. ante´rior latera´lis cor´poris hu´meri [NA] anterolateral surface of shaft of humerus
f. ante´rior len´tis [NA] anterior surface of lens
f. ante´rior media´lis cor´poris hu´meri [NA] anteromedial surface of shaft of humerus
f. ante´rior mem´bri inferio´ris anterior surface of lower limb
f. ante´rior palpebra´rum [NA] anterior surface of eyelids;
f. ante´rior pancrea´tis [NA] anterior surface of pancreas
f. ante´rior par´tis petro´sae os´sis tempora´lis [NA] anterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone
f. ante´rior patel´lae [NA] anterior surface of patella
f. ante´rior pros´tatae [NA] anterior surface of prostate
f. ante´rior ra´dii [NA] anterior surface of radius
f. ante´rior re´nis [NA] anterior surface of kidney
f. ante´rior ul´nae [NA] anterior surface of ulna
f. anterolatera´lis cor´poris hu´meri [NA] * official alternate term for anterolateral surface of shaft of humerus
f. anteromedia´lis cor´poris hu´meri [NA] * official alternate term for anteromedial surface of shaft of humerus
f. antoni´na a facial expression due to alteration in the eyelids and anterior segment of the eye; found in leprosy.
aortic f. the pale sallow complexion of one suffering from incompetence of the aortic valve.
f. approxima´lis de´ntis [NA] contact surface of tooth
f. articular´is [NA] articular surface
f. articula´ris acromia´lis clavic´ulae [NA] acromial articular surface of clavicle
f. articula´ris acro´mii [NA] articular surface of acromion
f. articula´ris ante´rior den´tis [NA] anterior articular surface of dens
f. articula´ris arytenoi´dea cricoi´deae [NA] arytenoidal articular surface of cricoid
f. articula´ris calca´nea ta´li [NA] calcaneal articular surface of talus
f. articula´ris cap´itis cos´tae [NA] articular surface of head of rib
f. articula´ris cap´itis fib´ulae [NA] articular surface of head of fibula
f. articula´ris car´pi ra´dii [NA] carpal articular surface of radius
f. articula´ris cartila´ginis arytenoi´deae [NA] articular surface of arytenoid cartilage
f. articula´ris cuboi´dea calca´nei [NA] cuboidal articular surface of calcaneus
f. articula´ris fibula´ris tib´iae [NA] fibular articular surface of tibia
f. articula´ris infe´rior atlan´tis [NA] inferior articular facet of atlas
f. articula´ris infe´rior tib´iae [NA] inferior articular surface of tibia
f. articula´ris malle´oli fib´ulae [NA] malleolar articular surface of fibula
f. articula´ris malle´oli tib´iae [NA] malleolar articular surface of tibia
f. articula´ris navicula´ris ta´li [NA] navicular articular surface of talus
f. articula´ris os´sis tempora´lis [NA] articular surface of temporal bone
f. articula´ris patel´lae [NA] articular surface of patella
f. articula´ris poste´rior den´tis [NA] posterior articular surface of dens
f. articula´ris sterna´lis clavic´ulae [NA] sternal articular surface of clavicle
f. articula´ris supe´rior atlan´tis [NA] superior articular facet of atlas
f. articula´ris supe´rior tib´iae [NA] superior articular surface of tibia
f. articula´ris talaris ante´rior calcanei [NA] anterior talar articular surface of calcaneus
f. articula´ris tala´ris calca´nei [NA] talar articular surface of calcaneus
f. articula´ris talaris media calcanei [NA] middle talar articular surface of calcaneus
f. articularis talaris posterior calca´nei posterior talar articular surface of calcaneus
f. articula´ris thyroi´dea cricoi´deae [NA] thyroidal articular surface of cricoid
f. articula´ris tuber´culi cos´tae [NA] articular surface of tubercle of rib
f. auricula´ris os´sis il´ii [NA] auricular surface of ilium
f. auricula´ris os´sis sac´ri [NA] auricular surface of sacrum
f. bovi´na the cowlike face of ocular hypertelorism; typical of craniofacial dysostosis.cow face;
f. brachia´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior region of arm
f. brachia´lis poste´rior [NA] posterior region of arm
f. bucca´lis vestibular surface of tooth
f. cerebra´lis cerebral surface
cherubic f. the characteristic child-like f. seen in cherubism; also seen in glycogenosis, particularly type 2.
f. co´lica sple´nis [NA] colic surface of spleen
f. contac´tus den´tis contact surface of tooth
Corvisart's f. the characteristic f. seen in cardiac insufficiency or aortic regurgitation; a swollen, purplish, cyanotic face with shiny eyes and puffy eyelids.
f. costa´lis [NA] costal surface
f. costa´lis pulmo´nis [NA] costal surface of lung
f. costa´lis scap´ulae [NA] costal surface of scapula
f. crura´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior region of leg
f. crura´lis poste´rior [NA] posterior surface of leg
f. cubita´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior region of elbow
f. cubita´lis poste´rior [NA] posterior region of elbow
f. diaphragmat´ica [NA] diaphragmatic surface
f. digita´lis dorsa´lis [NA] dorsal surface of digit
f. digita´lis palma´ris [NA] * official alternate term for palmar surface of fingers
f. digita´lis planta´ris [NA] plantar surface of toe
f. digita´lis ventra´lis [NA] palmar surface of fingers
f. dista´lis den´tis [NA] distal surface of tooth
f. doloro´sa facial expression of an unhappy person or one sick or in pain.
f. dorsa´lis [NA] dorsal surface
f. dorsa´lis os´sis sac´ri [NA] dorsal surface of sacrum
f. dorsa´lis scap´ulae [NA] dorsal surface of scapula
elfin f. f. characterized by a short, upturned nose, wide mouth, widely spaced eyes, and full cheeks; it may be associated with hypercalcemia, supravalvar aortic stenosis, and mental retardation.
f. exter´na [NA] external surface
f. exter´na os´sis fronta´lis [NA] external surface of frontal bone
f. exter´na os´sis parieta´lis [NA] external surface of parietal bone
f. facia´lis den´tis [NA] * official alternate term for vestibular surface of tooth
f. rena´lis lie´nis renal surface of spleen
f. femora´lis ante´rior [NA] * official alternate term for anterior region of thigh
f. femora´lis poste´rior [NA] * official alternate term for posterior region of thigh
f. gas´trica sple´nis [NA] gastric surface of spleen
f. glu´tea os´sis il´ii [NA] gluteal surface of ilium
hippocratic f. , f. hippocra´tica a pinched expression of the face, with sunken eyes, concavity of cheeks and temples, relaxed lips, and leaden complexion; observed in one close to death after severe and prolonged illness.hippocratic face;
hound-dog f. the facial appearance in cutis laxa, with loose facial skin hanging in folds.
Hutchinson's f. the peculiar facial expression produced by the drooping eyelids and motionless eyes in external ophthalmoplegia.
f. infe´rior cer´ebri [NA] base of brain
f. infe´rior hemisphe´rii cerebel´li [NA] inferior surface of cerebellar hemisphere
f. infe´rior lin´guae [NA] inferior surface of tongue
f. infe´rior pancrea´tis [NA] inferior surface of pancreas
f. infe´rior par´tis petro´sae os´sis tempora´lis [NA] inferior surface of petrous part of temporal bone
f. inferolatera´lis pros´tatae [NA] inferolateral surface of prostate
f. infratempora´lis maxil´lae [NA] infratemporal surface of maxilla
f. interloba´res pulmo´nis [NA] interlobar surfaces of lung, under surface
f. inter´na [NA] internal surface
f. inter´na os´sis fronta´lis [NA] internal surface of frontal bone
f. inter´na os´sis parieta´lis [NA] internal surface of parietal bone
f. intestina´lis u´teri [NA] intestinal surface of uterus
f. labia´lis vestibular surface of tooth
f. latera´lis [NA] lateral surface
f. latera´lis bra´chii lateral surface of arm
f. latera´lis cru´ris lateral surface of leg
f. latera´lis dig´iti ma´nus lateral surface of finger
f. latera´lis dig´iti pe´dis lateral surface of toe
f. latera´lis fib´ulae [NA] lateral surface of fibula
f. latera´lis mem´bri inferior´is lateral surface of lower limb
f. latera´lis os´sis zygomat´ici [NA] lateral surface of zygomatic bone
f. latera´lis ova´rii [NA] lateral surface of ovary
f. latera´lis tes´tis [NA] lateral surface of testis
f. latera´lis tib´iae [NA] lateral surface of tibia
leonine f. leontiasis
f. lingua´lis den´tis [NA] lingual surface of tooth
f. luna´ta acetab´uli [NA] lunate surface of acetabulum
f. malleola´ris latera´lis ta´li [NA] lateral malleolar surface of talus
f. malleola´ris media´lis ta´li [NA] medial malleolar surface of talus
f. masticato´ria denture occlusal surface
f. maxilla´ris a´lae majo´ris maxillary surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone
f. maxilla´ris os´sis palati´ni [NA] maxillary surface of palatine bone 2. the part of the anterior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone that is perforated by the foramen rotundum and forms the posterior boundary of the pterygopalatine fossa.
f. media´lis [NA] medial surface
f. media´lis cartilag´inis arytenoi´deae [NA] medial surface of arytenoid cartilage;
f. media´lis cer´ebri [NA] medial surface of cerebral hemisphere
f. media´lis dig´iti pe´dis medial surface of toes
f. media´lis fib´ulae [NA] medial surface of fibula;
f. media´lis ova´rii [NA] medial surface of ovary
f. media´lis pulmo´nis medial surface of lung
f. media´lis tes´tis [NA] medial surface of testis;
f. media´lis tib´iae [NA] medial surface of tibia;
f. media´lis ul´nae [NA] medial surface of ulna;
f. mediastinalis pulmonis mediastinal surface of lung
f. mesia´lis den´tis [NA] mesial surface of tooth
mitral f. the pink, slightly cyanosed cheeks of patients with mitral valve disease.
moon f. roundness of the face due to increased fat deposition laterally seen in patients with hyperadrenocorticalism, either of endogenous (e.g., Cushing's disease) or exogenous origin, such as the use of cortisone-like drugs as therapy.
myasthenic f. the facial expression in myasthenia gravis, caused by drooping of the eyelids and corners of the mouth, and weakness of the muscles of the face.
myopathic f. facial appearance of some patients with myopathies and with myasthenia gravis, consisting of bilateral ptosis and inability to elevate the corners of the mouth, due to muscle weakness.
f. nasa´lis maxil´lae [NA] nasal surface of maxilla
f. nasa´lis os´sis palati´ni [NA] nasal surface of palatine bone
f. occlusa´lis den´tis [NA] denture occlusal surface
f. orbita´lis [NA] orbital surface
f. palati´na la´minae horizonta´lis os´sis pala´tini [NA] palatine surface of horizontal plate of palatine bone
Parkinson's f. the expressionless or masklike f. characteristic of parkinsonism (1).masklike face;
f. patella´ris fem´oris [NA] patellar surface of femur
f. pelvi´na os´sis sa´cri [NA] pelvic surface of sacrum
f. poplit´ea fem´oris [NA] popliteal surface of femur
f. poste´rior [NA] posterior surface
f. poste´rior cartilag´inis arytenoi´deae [NA] the posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage.
f. poste´rior cor´neae [NA] posterior surface of cornea
f. poste´rior corporis hu´meri [NA] posterior surface of shaft of humerus
f. poste´rior cru´ris posterior surface of leg
f. poste´rior fib´ulae [NA] posterior surface of fibula
f. poste´rior glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] posterior surface of suprarenal gland
f. poste´rior ir´idis [NA] posterior surface of iris
f. poste´rior len´tis [NA] posterior surface of lens
f. poste´rior mem´bri inferio´ris posterior surface of lower limb
f. poste´rior palpebra´rum [NA] posterior surface of eyelids
f. poste´rior pancrea´tis [NA] posterior surface of pancreas
f. poste´rior par´tis petro´sae os´sis tempora´lis [NA] posterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone
f. poste´rior pros´tatae [NA] posterior surface of prostate
f. poste´rior ra´dii [NA] posterior surface of radius
f. poste´rior re´nis [NA] posterior surface of kidney
f. poste´rior tib´iae [NA] posterior surface of tibia
f. poste´rior ul´nae [NA] posterior surface of ulna
Potter's f. characteristic f. seen in bilateral renal agenesis and other severe renal malformations, exhibiting ocular hypertelorism, low-set ears, receding chin, and flattening of the nose. See also Potter's syndrome.Potter's disease;
f. pulmona´lis cor´dis [NA] pulmonary surface of heart
f. rena´lis glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] the surface of the suprarenal gland in contact with the kidney.renal surface of the suprarenal gland;
f. rena´lis sple´nis renal surface of spleen
f. sacropelvi´na os´sis il´ii [NA] sacropelvic surface of ilium
f. scaphoi´dea a facial malformation characterized by protuberant forehead, depressed nose and maxilla, and prominent chin.dish face;
f. sternocosta´lis cor´dis [NA] sternocostal surface of heart
f. supe´rior hemisphe´rii cerebel´li [NA] superior surface of cerebellar hemisphere
f. supe´rior ta´li [NA] superior surface of talus
f. superolatera´lis cer´ebri [NA] superolateral surface of cerebrum
f. symphy´sialis [NA] symphysial surface of pubis;
f. tempora´lis [NA] temporal surface
f. urethra´lis pe´nis [NA] urethral surface of penis
f. vesica´lis u´teri [NA] vesical surface of uterus
f. vestibula´ris den´tis [NA] vestibular surface of tooth
f. viscera´lis hep´atis [NA] visceral surface of liver
f. viscera´lis sple´nis [NA] visceral surface of the spleen See also colic surface of spleen, gastric surface of spleen, renal surface of spleen.

facilitation facilitation (fa-sil´i-ta´shun)

Enhancement or reinforcement of a reflex or other nervous activity by the arrival at the reflex center of other excitatory impulses. [L. facilitas, fr. facilis, easy]
Wedensky f. the arrival of an impulse at a blocked zone, enhancing the excitability of the nerve beyond the block and indicating that the neuromuscular preparation distal to the block has been changed even though the enhancing stimulus is not conducted through the blocked zone.

facing facing (fas´ing)

A tooth-colored material (usually plastic or porcelain) used to hide the buccal or labial surface of a metal crown to give the outward appearance of a natural tooth.

facio- facio-

The face. See also prosopo-. [L. facies]

faciolingual faciolingual (fa´she-o-ling´gwal)

Relating to the face and the tongue, often denoting a paralysis affecting these parts.

facioplasty facioplasty (fa´she-o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery involving the face. [facio- + G. plastos, formed]

facioplegia facioplegia (fa´she-o-ple´je-a)

facial paralysis [facio- + G. plege, a stroke]

F.A.C.N.M. F.A.C.N.M.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Nuclear Medicine.

F.A.C.N.P. F.A.C.N.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Nuclear Physicians.

F.A.C.O.G. F.A.C.O.G.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

F.A.C.P. F.A.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Physicians, or of Prosthodontists.

F.A.C.R. F.A.C.R.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Radiology.

FACS FACS

Abbreviation for fluorescence-activated cell sorter.

F.A.C.S. F.A.C.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

F.A.C.S.M. F.A.C.S.M.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

F-actin F-actin

See under actin.

factitious factitious (fak-tish´us)

Artificial; self-induced; not naturally occurring. [L. factitius, made by art, fr. facio, to make]

factor factor (fak´ter)

1. One of the contributing causes in any action. 2. One of the components that by multiplication makes up a number or expression. 3. gene 4. A vitamin or other essential element. 5. An event, characteristic, or other definable entity that brings about a change in a health condition. 6. A categorical independent variable, used to identify, by means of numerical codes, membership in a qualitatively identifiable group; for example, "overcrowding is a factor in disease transmission." [L. maker, causer, fr. facio, to make]
f. 3 1. operational name given to an incompletely characterized selenium-containing natural product which, in minute amounts, prevents liver damage in rats due to deficiency of vitamin E; 2. f. III in the vitamin B₁₂ series, 5-hydroxybenzimidazole, analogue of the usual B₁₂ nucleotide components.
f. A See properdin f. A.
ABO f.'s see Blood Groups appendix.
accelerator f. f. V
acetate replacement f. lipoic acid
adrenal weight f. a postulated substance of adenohypophysial origin responsible for maintenance of the weight of the adrenal cortex.
adrenocorticotropic releasing f. hormone produced by hypothalamus that causes pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone.
angiogenesis f. a substance of 2000 to 20,000 MW which is secreted by macrophages and stimulates neovascularization in healing wounds or in the stroma of tumors.
animal protein f. (APF) vitamin B₁₂
antialopecia f. inositol
antianemic f. vitamin B₁₂
antiberiberi f. thiamin
anti-black-tongue f. nicotinic acid
anticomplementary f. a f. that interferes with the action or function of complement.
antidermatitis f. pantothenic acid
antihemophilic f. A (AHF) f. VIII
antihemophilic f. B f. IX
antihemorrhagic f. vitamin K
antineuritic f. thiamin
antinuclear f. (ANF) a f., usually antibodies, present in serum with strong affinity for nuclei and detected by fluorescent antibody technique; present in lupus erythematosus, rheumatic arthritis, and certain other autoimmune conditions; may also be present at lower levels in normal individuals.
antipellagra f. nicotinic acid
antipernicious anemia f. (APA) 1. vitamin B₁₂ 2. specifically, cyanocobalamin.
antisterility f. vitamin E (2)
atrial natriuretic f. (ANF) an early name given to a natriuretic f. derived from cardiac atria. The term is no longer correct because the f. is now known to be a peptide.
f. B See properdin f. B.
B_T f. carnitine
bacteriocin f.'s bacteriocinogenic plasmids, under plasmid
B-cell differentiating f. interleukin-4
B cell differentiation/growth f.'s various substances, usually obtained from the supernatant of T cell cultures, such as interleukin 4, 5, and 6. These substances are necessary for B cell growth, maturation, and differentiation into plasma cells or B memory cells.
B-cell stimulatory f. 2 interleukin-6
bifidus f. an unidentified substance associated with Lactobacillus bifidus subsp. pennsylvanicus, present in mammalian milk.
biotic f.'s environmental f.'s or influences resulting from the activities of living organisms, as contrasted to those resulting from climatic, geological, or other f.'s.
Bittner's milk f. mammary tumor virus of mice
branching f. 1,4-a-glucan-branching enzyme.
C f.'s coupling f.'s
CAMP f. See CAMP test.
capillary permeability f. vitamin P
Castle's intrinsic f. intrinsic f
Christmas f. f. IX
citrovorum f. (CF) folinic acid
clearing f.'s lipoprotein lipases that appear in plasma during lipemia and catalyze hydrolysis of triglycerides only when the latter are bound to protein and when an acceptor (e.g., serum albumin) is present, thus "clearing" the plasma.
clotting f. any of the various plasma components involved in the clotting process.coagulation f;
coagulation f. clotting f
cobra venom f. a component of cobra venom that renders C3 proactivator (properdin factor B) susceptible to factor D of the properdin system, leading to activation of C3 and other components of complement and lysis of unsensitized erythrocytes.
coenzyme f. dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
colony-stimulating f.'s (CSF) a group of glycoprotein growth f.'s regulating differentiation in mycloid cell lines. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways; each appears to have the ability to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells, and to influence end cell function.
complement chemotactic f. the activated complex of the fifth, sixth, and seventh components of complement (C567) which induces chemotaxis in the case of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
complement f. I a heterodimeric glycoprotein; a deficiency results in uncontrolled activation of C3.
corticotropin releasing f. (CRF) 1. corticoliberin 2. corticotropin releasing hormone
coupling f.'s proteins that restore phosphorylating ability to mitochondria that have lost it, i.e., have become "uncoupled" so that oxidation and electron transport no longer produces ATP. Usually termed coupling factor F₁, F₂, etc.C f.'s;
f. D See properdin f. D.
debranching f.'s debranching enzymes, under enzyme
decapacitation f. a f., postulated to be present in epididymal fluid and seminal plasma, that prevents the capacitation of spermatozoa.
diabetogenic f. rarely used term for a f. in crude extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis that produces degenerative changes in the islet cells of the pancreas and causes permanent diabetes.
diffusing f. hyaluronidase (1)
direct lytic f. of cobra venom cobrotoxin
Duran-Reynals permeability f. , Duran-Reynals spreading f. hyaluronidase (1)
f. E See properdin f. E.
elongation f. proteins that catalyze the elongation of peptide chains during protein biosynthesis.transfer f. (3) ;
endothelial relaxing f. (en´do-the´li-al) a molecule functioning as a neurotransmitter and produced by activated macrophages. It is capable of killing tumor cells, parasites, and intracellular bacteria.
endothelium-derived relaxing f. (EDRF) diffusible substances produced by endothelial cells that cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation; nitric oxide (NO) is one such substance.
eosinophil chemotactic f. of anaphylaxis a peptide (MW 500 to 600) that is chemotactic for eosinophilic leukocytes and is released from disrupted mast cells.
epidermal growth f. (EGF) a heat-stable antigenic protein isolated from the submaxillary glands of male mice; when injected into newborn animals it accelerates eyelid opening and tooth eruption, stimulates epidermal growth and keratinization, and, in larger doses, inhibits body growth and hair development and produces fatty livers.
erythrocyte maturation f. vitamin B₁₂
essential food f.'s those substances required in the diet: certain amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, essential minerals, etc.
extrinsic f. dietary vitamin B₁₂.
F f. F plasmid
fermentation Lactobacillus casei f. pteropterin
fertility f. F plasmid
fibrin-stabilizing f. f. XIII
filtrate f. former term for pantothenic acid.
Fitzgerald f. high molecular weight kininogen
Flaujeac f. high molecular weight kininogen
Fletcher f. prekallikrein
follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing f. (FRF, FSH-RF) folliberin
G f. 1. the single common variance or f. that is common to (i.e., empirically intercorrelates with) different intelligence tests (general). 2. a substance required for the growth of a specific organism.
galactagogue f. a f. in extracts of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis that, by stimulating the smooth muscle of the lobulo-alveolar system of the mammary gland, causes a flow of milk from the nipple.
galactopoietic f. prolactin
glass f. f. XII
glucose tolerance f. a water-soluble complex containing chromium needed for normal glucose tolerance.
glycotropic f. a principle in extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis that raises the blood sugar and antagonizes the action of insulin; purified pituitary growth hormone produces an identical effect.insulin-antagonizing f;
f. Gm a f. that determines certain of the allotypes of human immunoglobulins; found only on the gamma chains of IgG (gamma-globulin).
gonadotropin-releasing f. gonadoliberin (1)
granulocyte colony-stimulating f. (G-CSF) (gran´yu-lo-sIt) glycoproteins that are synthesized by a variety of cells and are involved in growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, these f.'s stimulate the end-cell functional activity of stem cells. See also colony-stimulating f.'s.
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating f. (GM-CSF) (gran´u-lo-sIt) a glycoprotein secreted by macrophages or bone stromal cells that functions as a growth factor for myeloid progenitor cells such as granulocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. See also colony-stimulating f.'s.
growth f.'s proteins involved in cell differentiation and growth.Growth factors are essential to the normal cell cycle, and are thus vital elements in the life of animals from conception to death. Among other things, they mediate fetal development, play a role in maintenance and repair of tissues, stimulate production of blood cells, and, gone awry, participate in cancerous processes.
growth hormone-releasing f. (GHRF, GH-RF) somatoliberin
f. H 1. former designation for biotin; 2. vitamin B₁₂ analogue or precursor; 3. a glycoprotein that regulates the activity of complement factor C3b; a deficiency results in the lack of inhibition of the alternative hemolytic pathway leading to continuous activation and consumption of factor C3 (hemolytic uremic syndrome).
Hageman f. f. XII
HG f. glucagon
human antihemophilic f. a lyophilized concentrate of f. VIII, obtained from fresh normal human plasma; used as a hemostatic agent in hemophilia.antihemophilic globulin (2), human antihemophilic fraction;
hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic f. (HGF) glucagon
f. I in the clotting of blood a f. that is converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin. See also fibrinogen.
f. II a glycoprotein converted in the clotting of blood to thrombin by factor Xa, platelets, calcium ions, and factor V. See also prothrombin.
f. IIa thrombin
f. III in the clotting of blood, tissue f. or thromboplastin; it initiates the extrinsic pathway by reacting with f. VII and calcium to form f. VIIa. See thromboplastin.
inhibition f. migration-inhibitory f
initiation f. (IF) one of several soluble proteins involved in the initiation of protein or RNA synthesis.
insulin-antagonizing f. glycotropic f
insulin-like growth f.'s (IGF) peptides whose formation is stimulated by growth hormone. These peptides bring about peripheral tissue effects of that hormone and have high (about 70%) homology to human insulin.somatomedins;
intrinsic f. (IF) a relatively small mucoprotein (MW about 50,000) secreted by the neck cell of the gastric glands and required for adequate absorption of vitamin B₁₂; deficiency results in pernicious anemia.Castle's intrinsic f;
f. Inv a f. that determines certain of the allotypes of human immunoglobulins; found on the kappa chains of IgG, IgA, IgM, and Bence Jones protein.
ischemia-modifying f.'s various factors that play a role in determining the extent of necrosis with cerebral stroke; these include blood viscosity and osmolality, the blood pressure, and the anatomy of the neck and intracranial arteries.
f. IV in the clotting of blood, calcium ions.
f. IX in the clotting of blood, also known as: Christmas f. (Biggs and Macfarlane), plasma thromboplastin component (Aggeler), antihemophilic globulin B (Cramer), plasma thromboplastin f. B (Aggeler), plasma f. X (Shulman), antihemophilic f. B, and platelet cofactor II. F. IX is required for the formation of intrinsic blood thromboplastin and affects the amount formed (rather than the rate). Its active form, f. IXa (EC 3.4.21.22) is a serine proteinase converting f. X to f. Xa by cleaving an arginine-isoleucine bond. Deficiency of f. IX causes hemophilia B.antihemophilic f. B, antihemophilic globulin B, Christmas f., plasma f. X, plasma thromboplastin component, plasma thromboplastin f. B, platelet cofactor II;
labile f. f. V
Lactobacillus bulgaricus f. (LBF) pantetheine
Lactobacillus casei f. folic acid (2)
lactogenic f. prolactin
Laki-Lorand f. f. XIII
LE f.'s antinuclear immunoglobulins in plasma of persons with disseminated lupus erythematosus, associated with positive LE tests.
lethal f. See genetic lethal.
leukocytosis-promoting f. a substance obtained by Menkin from inflammatory exudates; it stimulates leukocytosis.
leukopenic f. a principle obtained by Menkin from inflammatory exudates; it causes leukopenia when injected into normal animals.
lipotropic f. choline
liver filtrate f. former term for pantothenic acid.
liver Lactobacillus casei f. folic acid (2)
L-L f. f. XIII
luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing f. (LH/FSH-RF) gonadoliberin (2)
luteinizing hormone-releasing f. (LH-RF, LRF) former name for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
lymph node permeability f. (LNPF) a substance, released by lymphocytes when stimulated or damaged, that increases capillary permeability and the accumulation of mononuclear cells.
macrophage-activating f. (MAF) (mak´ro-faj) group of lymphokines that induces macrophage activation. Two major macrophage activating f.'s are interferon gamma and interleukin-4.
macrophage colony-stimulating f. (M-CSF) a glycoprotein growth f. that causes the committed cell line to proliferate and mature into macrophages. See also colony-stimulating f.'s.
maize f. zeatin
mammotropic f. prolactin
maturation f. vitamin B₁₂
melanotropin-releasing f. melanoliberin
mesodermal f. a protein that can induce the formation of kidney and muscle primordia in embryos.
migration-inhibitory f. (MIF) a soluble, nondialyzable substance that is produced by sensitized lymphocytes (i.e., lymphocytes from a sensitized animal) when exposed to the specific antigen, and that causes adherence and inhibition of migration of macrophages.inhibition f;
milk f. mammary tumor virus of mice
monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic f. (MDNCF) interleukin-8
mouse antialopecia f. inositol
müllerian inhibiting f. müllerian inhibiting substance
müllerian regression f. , müllerian duct inhibitory f. a nonsteroidal substance of fetal testicular origin that acts unilaterally to inhibit development of the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts and acts with testosterone to promote development of the vas deferens and related structures.
multi-colony-stimulating f. (multi-CSF) interleukin-3
myocardial depressant f. (MDF) a toxic f. in shock that impairs cardiac contractility; probably a peptide released with underperfusion of the splanchnic area at the release of proteolytic enzymes from the pancreas.
natural killer cell stimulating f. (NKSF) interleukin-12
nephritic f. a serum protein (possibly an IgG autoantibody), found in some patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hypocomplementemia, which, together with the cofactors of the alternate pathway of complement activation, cleaves the third component of complement (C3).
nerve growth f. (NGF) a protein (MW about 26,000) that controls the development of sympathetic postganglionic neurons and possibly also sensory (dorsal root) ganglion cells in mammals; similar, but not identical, factors have been isolated from the venoms of several species of snakes; it has been isolated from the submaxillary glands of male mice, and when injected into newborn animals, sympathetic ganglia become hyperplastic and hypertrophic; stimulates synthesis of nucleic acids and protein.
neural f. a protein that can induce the formation of notochord tissue in embryos.
neutrophil activating f. (NAF) interleukin-8
neutrophil chemotactant f. (nu´tro-fil ke´mo-tak-tant) interleukin-8 See interleukin-8.
osteoclast activating f. a lymphokine that stimulates bone resorption and inhibits bone-collagen synthesis.
psi f. psi f
f. P a chemical (postulated by T. Lewis), formed in ischemic skeletal or cardiac muscle, held to be responsible for the pain of intermittent claudication and angina pectoris.
P f. see P blood group, Blood Groups appendix.
pellagra-preventing f. (p-p f.) nicotinic acid
plasma labile f. f. V
plasma thromboplastin f. (PTF) f. VIII
plasma thromboplastin f. B f. IX
plasma f. X f. IX
plasmin prothrombins conversion f. (PPCF) f. V
platelet f. 3 a blood coagulation factor derived from platelets; chemically, a phospholipid lipoprotein that acts with certain plasma thromboplastin f.'s to convert prothrombin to thrombin.
platelet-activating f. (PAF) platelet-aggregating f
platelet-aggregating f. (PAF) phospholipid mediator of platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. Produced in response to specific stimuli by a variety of cell types, including neutrophils, basophils, platelets, and endothelial cells. Several molecular species of PAF have been identified which vary in the length of the O-alkyl side chain. It is an important mediator of bronchoconstriction.platelet-activating f;
platelet-derived growth f. (PDGF) a f. in platelets that is mitogenic for cells at the site of a wound, e.g., causing endothelial proliferation; cationic glycoprotein mitogen for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells. Principal f. in serum required for the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal derived cells in tissue culture.
platelet tissue f. thromboplastin
p-p f. abbreviation for pellagra-preventing f.
predisposing f.'s attitudinal, personality, and related f.'s that motivate and guide an individual to take certain health actions.
prolactin-inhibiting f. (PIF) prolactostatin
prolactin-releasing f. (PRF) prolactoliberin
properdin f. A a component of the properdin system; a hydrazine-sensitive beta₁-globulin (mw about 180,000), now known to be C3 (third component of complement).
properdin f. B a normal serum protein (mw 95,000) and a component of the properdin system.beta₂-glycoprotein II, C3 proactivator, cobra venom cofactor, glycine-rich beta-glycoprotein;
properdin f. D a normal serum a-globulin (mw about 25,000) required in the properdin system.C3 proactivator convertase, glycine-rich beta-glycoproteinase;
properdin f. E a serum protein (mw 160,000) required for activation of C3 (third component of complement) by cobra venom factor. See also properdin system.
protein f. the f. (6.25) by which the nitrogen content of a protein is multiplied to give the amount of protein.
psi f. a protein responsible for the specific initiation of the RNA polymerase-catalyzed reaction at the promoter sites of genes.psi f;
pyruvate oxidation f. lipoic acid
quality f. (QF) 1. a f. by which absorbed radiation doses are multiplied; 2. to obtain, for radiation protection purposes, a quantity that expresses the approximate biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose.
rho f. rho f
R f.'s resistance plasmids, under plasmid
radiation weighting f. in radiation protection, a f. weighting the absorbed dose of radiation of a specific type and energy for its effect on tissue. See equivalent dose.
recognition f.'s f.'s which effect "recognition" of target antigens by polymorphonuclear leukocytes; apparently the Fc portion of antibody molecules and the activated third component of complement (C3), for both of which phagocytes have receptor sites.
relaxation f. substance presumably involved in the return of muscle fibrils to the resting state after nervous stimulation ceases, postulated to act by withdrawing Ca²⁺ from myosin-ATPase sites.
releasing f. (RF) 1. substances, usually of hypothalamic origin, capable of accelerating the rate of secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland; 2. f.'s required in the termination phase of either RNA biosynthesis or protein biosynthesis.termination f; liberins, releasing hormone, statins;
resistance f.'s resistance plasmids, under plasmid
resistance-inducing f. (RIF) an agent from normal chick embryos that interferes with multiplication of the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus, and is seemingly an avirulent leukosis virus antigenically related to the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus.
resistance-transfer f. the transfer gene of the resistance plasmid.
Rh f. the antigen of the Rh blood group system. See Blood Groups Appendix.Rhesus f;
Rhesus f. see Blood Groups Appendix.Rh f
rheumatoid f.'s (RF) antibodies in the serum of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis that react with antigenic determinants or immunoglobulins that enhance agglutination of suspended particles coated with pooled human gamma-globulin. Rheumatoid f.'s also occur in other autoimmune and certain infectious diseases.
rho f. a termination f. that releases RNA from the DNA template.rho f;
risk f. a single characteristic statistically associated with, although not necessarily causally related to, an increased risk of morbidity or mortality e.g., smoking as a risk f. for heart disease.
sigma f. sigma f
S f. the individual variables, or empirically most minute subclusters of intercorrelations or common variance, found in different intelligence tests (specific).
secretor f. the capacity to secrete antigens of the ABO blood group in saliva and other body fluids, controlled by a pair of allelic genes designated Se and se (or S and s), with the Se phenotype dominant to se; the saliva of genotypes SeSe and Sese contains the blood group substances A, B, or H found in their erythrocytes; the saliva of nonsecretors (genotype sese) contains no blood group substance; tests for ABH secretion are useful in genetic linkage and population studies; the secretor phenomenon is also closely associated with the Lewis blood group.
sex f. F plasmid
sigma f. a f. that inhibits the nonspecific DNA binding of RNA polymerase, as well as helping to identify the starting point of transcription.sigma f;
slow-reacting f. of anaphylaxis (SRF-A) slow-reacting substance
SLR f. , Streptococcus lactis R f. rhizopterin
somatotropin release-inhibiting f. (SRIF, SIF) somatostatin
somatotropin-releasing f. (SRF) somatoliberin
spreading f. hyaluronidase (1)
stable f. f. VII
stringent f. the gene product (an enzyme) that is crucial to the cellular response of decreased ribosome production as a result of amino acid starvation. See also stringent response.
Stuart f. , Stuart-Prower f. f. X
sulfation f. somatomedin
sun protection f. (SPF) the ratio of the minimal ultraviolet dose required to produce erythema with and without a sunscreen; highly effective sunscreens have an SPF of 15 or more.
T-cell growth f. interleukin-2
T-cell growth f.-1 interleukin-2
T-cell growth f.-2 interleukin-4
termination f. releasing f. (2)
testis-determining f. (TDF) the product of a gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome that is responsible for production of testes.
thymic lymphopoietic f. a glycoprotein (MW about 12,000) that has been extracted from thymus; this thymus-produced hormone(s) confers immunological competence on thymus-dependent cells and induces lymphopoiesis.
thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing f. (TSH-RF) thyroliberin
thyrotoxic complement-fixation f. a form of thyrotoxin; an antigen found most readily in thyroid tissue from thyrotoxic individuals; known to be chemically and immunologically distinct from thyroglobulin, and fixes complement when combined with antibody related to the gamma-globulin fraction of serum. With the exception of extremely small concentrations, the antigen is rarely found in normal glands or in diseased glands that are not associated with thyrotoxicosis; it is probably an intracellular substance (possibly a constituent of the "microsomal fraction"), and does not contain iodine in significant quantity. Not related to the complement-fixation reaction occurring with serum in Hashimoto's disease, in which the antigen is thyroglobulin.
thyrotropin-releasing f. (TRF) former name for thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
tissue f. thromboplastin
tissue weighting f. in radiation protection, a f. weighting the equivalent dose in a particular tissue or organ in terms of its relative contribution to the total deleterious effects resulting from uniform irradiation of the whole body. See effective dose.
transfer f. 1. the transfer gene of a conjugative plasmid, especially of the resistance plasmid; 2. a dialyzable extract that is obtained from the leukocytes of a person with a delayed-type sensitivity and that, following injection into the skin of a nonsensitive person, transfers the specific sensitivity to the recipient; 3. elongation f
transforming f. the DNA responsible for bacterial transformation.
transforming growth f.'s (TGF) two polypeptide growth f.'s; TGF-a stimulates growth of many epidermal and epithelial cells and is obtained from conditioned media of transformed or tumor cells; TGF-beta is obtained from kidney and platelets and may even have inhibitory effects on certain cells.
transforming growth f. a (TGFa) a cytokine made by tumor and transformed cells that is associated with growth and differentiation. It is also made in normal tissues during embryogenesis and in certain adult tissues.
transforming growth f. beta (TGFbeta) a cytokine that has multifunctional properties including interfering with other cytokines. It is produced by platelets and bone cells but can be made by many other cell types.
transmethylation f. choline
tumor angiogenic f. (TAF) a substance released by solid tumors which induces formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor.
tumor necrosis f. (TNF) cachectin
tumor necrosis f.-beta A cytolytic factor that is produced by CD4 and CD8 T cells after their exposure to an antigen.
uncoupling f.'s uncouplers
uterine relaxing f. (URF) relaxin
f. V in the clotting of blood, also known as: proaccelerin (Owren), labile or plasma labile f. (Quick), plasma accelerator globulin (Ware and Seegars), thrombogene (Nolf), prothrombokinase (Milstone), plasmin prothrombins conversion f. (Stefanini), component A of prothrombin (Quick), prothrombin accelerator (Fantl and Nance), cofactor of thromboplastin (Honorato), and accelerator f. F. V does not have enzymatic action itself but participates in the common pathway of coagulation by binding f. Xa to platelet surfaces. Deficiency of this f. leads to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as parahemophilia or hypoproaccelerinemia, with autosomal recessive inheritance; heterozygous individuals are recognized by reduced levels of f. V but have no bleeding tendency.accelerator f., labile f., plasma accelerator globulin, plasma labile f., plasmin prothrombins conversion f., proaccelerin, prothrombin accelerator, prothrombokinase, thrombogene;
f. V_1a cobyric acid
f. V_a in the clotting of blood, accelerin.
f. VII in the clotting of blood, also known as: proconvertin (Owren), convertin, serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (de Vries, Alexander), stable f. (Stefanini), cofactor V (Owren), prothrombinogen (Quick), cothromboplastin (Mann and Hurn), serum accelerator (Jacox). F. VII forms a complex with tissue thromboplastin and calcium to activate f. X. F. VII is known to be involved in: 1) the congenital deficiency of f. VII, with purpura and bleeding from mucous membranes, autosomal recessive inheritance; 2) the acquired deficiency of f. VII in association with a deficiency of vitamin K, the neonatal period, and the administration of prothrombinopenic drugs; 3) the acquired excess of f. VII in some patients with thromboembolism. It accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, in the presence of tissue thromboplastin, calcium, and f. V.proconvertin, prothrombinogen, serum accelerator, serum prothrombin conversion accelerator, stable f;
f. VIII in the clotting of blood, also known as: antihemophilic f. A (Brinkhous), antihemophilic globulin (1) (Patek and Taylor), antihemophilic globulin A (Cramer), plasma thromboplastin f. (Ratnoff), plasma thromboplastin f. A (Aggeler), thromboplastic plasma component (Shinowara), thromboplastinogen (Quick), prothrombokinase (Feissly), platelet cofactor (Johnson), plasmokinin (Laki), thrombokatilysin (Leggenhager), and proserum prothrombin conversion accelerator. F. VIII participates in the clotting of the blood by forming a complex with f. IXa, platelets, and calcium and enzymatically catalyzing the activation of f. X. Deficiency of f. VIII is associated with classic hemophilia A. F. VIII:C is the coagulant component of f. VIII which, in normal persons, circulates in the plasma complexed with f. VIIIR (von Willebrand f.), the plasma f. VIII related protein, a large glycoprotein component that is synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and circulates in the plasma where it binds to arteries that have lost their endothelial cell linings, creating a surface to which platelets adhere. Disorders involving f. VIIIR form a heterogenous group of abnormalities called von Willebrand's disease. A deficiency of f. can lead to impaired blood coagulation.antihemophilic f. A, antihemophilic globulin A, antihemophilic globulin (1), plasma thromboplastin f., plasmokinin, platelet cofactor I, proserum prothrombin conversion accelerator, prothrombokinase, thrombokatilysin, thromboplastinogen;
von Willebrand f. See f. VIII.
W f. biotin
Williams f. high molecular weight kininogen
f. X in the clotting of blood, also known as: Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f., prothrombase, and prothrombinase. Its active form, f. Xa (EC 3.4.21.6), is formed from f. X by limited proteolysis and assists in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. A deficiency of f. X will lead to impaired blood coagulation.prothrombinase, Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f;
f. X for Haemophilus hemin
f. XI in the clotting of blood, also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent, a component of the contact system which is absorbed from plasma and serum by glass and similar surfaces. Its active form, f. XIa (EC 3.4.21.27), is a serine proteinase converting f. IX to f. IXa. Deficiency of f. XI results in a hemorrhagic tendency and is caused by an autosomal recessive gene.plasma thromboplastin antecedent;
f. XII in the clotting of blood, also known as glass f. and Hageman f. When activated by glass or otherwise to its active form, f. XIIa (EC 3.4.21.38), a serine proteinase, it activates f.'s VII and XI and converts f. XI to its active form, f. XIa. Deficiency of f. XII results in great prolongation of the clotting time of venous blood, but only rarely in a hemorrhagic tendency; deficiency is caused by an autosomal recessive gene.glass f., Hageman f;
f. XIII in the clotting of blood, also known as: fibrin-stabilizing f., Laki-Lorand f., and L-L f. It is catalyzed by thrombin into its active form, f. XIIIa, which cross-links subunits of the fibrin clot to form insoluble fibrin.fibrin-stabilizing f., L-L f., Laki-Lorand f;

factorial factorial (fak-tor´e-al)

1. Pertaining to a statistical factor or factors. 2. Of an integer, that integer multiplied by each smaller integer in succession down to one; e.g., 5! equals 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120.

facultative facultative (fak-ul-ta´tiv)

Able to live under more than one specific set of environmental conditions; possessing an alternative pathway.

faculty faculty (fak´ul-te)

A natural or specialized power of a living organism.

FAD FAD

Abbreviation for flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Faget Faget

Jean C., French physician, 1818-1884. See F.'s sign.

fagopyrism fagopyrism (fag-o-pI´rizm, fa-gop´i-rizm)

Photosensitization, mainly in cattle and sheep, caused by ingestion of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and characterized by irritation of the skin, edema, and a serous exudate.

Fahr Fahr

Theodore, German physician, 1877-1945. See F.'s disease.

Fahraeus Fahraeus

Robert (Robin) Sanno, Swedish pathologist, 1888-1968. See F.-Lindqvist effect.

Fahrenheit (F) Fahrenheit (F)

Gabriel D., German-Dutch physicist, 1686-1736. See Fahrenheit scale.

failure failure (fal´yur)

The state of insufficiency or nonperformance.
acute respiratory f. (ARF) loss of pulmonary function either acute or chronic that results in hypoxemia or hypercarbia.
backward heart f. a concept (formerly considered mutually exclusive of forward heart f.) that maintains that the phenomena of congestive heart f. result from passive engorgement of the veins caused by a "backward" rise in pressure proximal to the failing cardiac chambers. Cf. forward heart f.
cardiac f. heart f. (1)
congestive heart f. heart f. (1)
coronary f. acute coronary insufficiency.
electrical f. f. in which the cardiac inadequacy is secondary to disturbance of the electrical impulse.
forward heart f. a concept (formerly considered mutually exclusive of backward heart f.) that maintains that the phenomena of congestive heart f. result from the inadequate cardiac output, and especially from the consequent inadequacy of renal blood flow with resulting retention of sodium and water. Cf. backward heart f.
heart f. 1. inadequacy of the heart so that as a pump it fails to maintain the circulation of blood, with the result that congestion and edema develop in the tissues;cardiac f., cardiac insufficiency, congestive heart f., myocardial insufficiency; See also forward heart f., backward heart f., right ventricular f., left ventricular f. 2. resulting clinical syndromes including shortness of breath, pitting edema, enlarged tender liver, engorged neck veins, and pulmonary rales in various combinations.
high output f. heart f. in which, despite relative myocardial insufficiency and consequent congestive heart f., the cardiac output is maintained at normal or supernormal levels, as is sometimes seen in emphysema, thyrotoxicosis, etc.
left-sided heart f. inability of the left heart to maintain its circulatory load with corresponding rise in pressure in the pulmonary circulation usually with pulmonary congestion and ultimately pulmonary edema.
left ventricular f. congestive heart f. manifested by signs of pulmonary congestion and edema, i.e., dyspnea, rales, pulmonary edema, etc.
low output f. heart f. in which the cardiac output is subnormal, as is usually seen in f. due to coronary, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease.
pacemaker f. f. of an artificial pacemaker to generate or deliver effective stimuli to the myocardium.
power f. pump f
pump f. a term used to emphasize mechanical default of the heart as a pump; in acute myocardial infarction, pump f. signifies congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock. Cf. electrical f. power f;
renal f. loss of renal function, either acute or chronic, that results in increased severe urea and creatinine.
right ventricular f. congestive heart f. manifested by distention of the neck veins, enlargement of the liver, and dependent edema due to pump f. of the right ventricle.
secondary f. 1. f. of the function of an organ as a result of antecedent pathology elsewhere; 2. decreasing responsiveness to a drug after an initial satisfactory response, usually occurring several months after initiation of treatment.
f. to thrive a condition in which an infant's weight gain and growth is far below usual levels for age.

faint faint (fant)

1. Extremely weak; threatened with syncope. 2. An episode of syncope. See also syncope. [M.E., fr. O. Fr. feindre, to feign]

falcate falcate (fal´kat)

falciform

falces falces (fal´sez)

Plural of falx.

falcial falcial (fal´shal)

Relating to the falx cerebelli or falx cerebri.falcine;

falciform falciform (fal´si-form)

Having a crescentic or sickle shape.falcate; [L. falx, sickle, + forma, form]

falcine falcine (fal´sen)

falcial

falcula falcula (fal´kyu-la)

falx cerebelli [L. dim. of falx]

falcular falcular (fal´kyu-lar)

1. Resembling a sickle or falx. 2. Relating to the falx cerebelli or cerebri.

fallopian fallopian (fa-lo´pe-an)

Described by or attributed to Fallopius.

Fallopio Fallopio

See Fallopius.

Fallopius Fallopius , Fallopio

Gabriele, Italian anatomist, 1523-1562. See fallopian aqueduct; fallopian arch; fallopian canal; fallopian hiatus; fallopian ligament; fallopian neuritis; fallopian pregnancy; fallopian tube; aqueductus fallopii; tuba fallopiana; fallopian tube.

Fallot Fallot

&Euacute;tienne-Louis A., French physician, 1850-1911. See pentalogy of F.; F.'s tetrad, triad; trilogy of F.

false negative false negative (fawls neg´a-tiv)

1. A test result which erroneously excludes an individual from a specific diagnostic or reference group, due particularly to insufficiently exact methods of testing. 2. An individual whose test results exclude him from a particular diagnostic group though he may truly belong to such a group. 3. Term used to denote a false-negative result.

false positive false positive (fawls pos´i-tiv)

1. A test result which erroneously assigns an individual to a specific diagnostic or reference group, due particularly to insufficiently exact methods of testing. 2. An individual whose test results include him in a particular diagnostic group though he may not truly belong to such a group. 3. Term used to denote a false-positive result.

falsification falsification (fawl´si-fi-ka´shun)

The deliberate act of misrepresentation so as to deceive. See Munchausen syndrome. [L. falsus, false, + facio, to make]
retrospective f. unconscious distortion of past experience to conform to present psychological needs.

falx falx, pl. falces (falks, fal´sez) [NA]

A sickle-shaped structure. [L. sickle]
f. aponeurot´ica conjoint tendon
f. cerebel´li [NA] a short process of dura mater projecting forward from the internal occipital crest below the tentorium; it occupies the posterior cerebellar notch and the vallecula, and bifurcates below into two diverging limbs passing to either side of the foramen magnum.falcula;
f. cer´ebri [NA] the scythe-shaped fold of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres; it is attached anteriorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone and caudally to the upper surface of the tentorium.
f. inguina´lis [NA] conjoint tendon
f. sep´ti [NA] * official alternate term for valve of foramen ovale

familial familial (fa-mil´e-al)

Affecting more members of the same family than can be accounted for by chance, usually within a single sibship; commonly but incorrectly used to mean genetic. [L. familia, family]

familial neuroviscerolipidosis familial neuroviscerolipidosis

infantile, generalized G_M1 gangliosidosis

family family (fam´I-le)

1. A group of two or more persons united by blood, adoptive or marital ties, or the common law equivalent. 2. In biologic classification a taxonomic grouping at the level intermediate between the order and the tribe or genus. [L. familia]
alu f. a set of dispersed sequences in the human genome having Alu cleavage sites at each end.
alu-equivalent f. a set of sequences in a mammalian genome that is related to the human Alu f.
cancer f. a group of blood relatives of whom several have had cancer; the mode of aggregation may be genetic and homogeneous, as in familial polyposis of the colon; diverse as in neurofibromatosis; or due to common exposure to a carcinogenic or oncogenic agent, such as a virus.
extended f. a group of persons comprising members of several generations united by blood, adoptive, marital or equivalent ties.
nuclear f. in genetics, two parents and their progeny in common.

famotidine famotidine (fa-mo´ti-den)

Propanimidamide, N´-(aminosulfonyl)-3-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-thiazdyl]methyl]thio]-;a histamine H₂ antagonist used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers to reduce hydrochloric acid secretion.

famotine hydrochloride famotine hydrochloride (fam´o-ten)

1-[(p-Chlorophenoxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline hydrochloride;an antiviral agent.

Fañanás Fañanás

J., Spanish physician. See F. cell.

Fanconi Fanconi

Guido, Swiss pediatrician, 1892-1979. See F.'s anemia, pancytopenia, syndrome; De Toni-F. syndrome; Lignac-F. syndrome.

fang fang

1. A long tooth or tusk, usually a canine. 2. The hollow tooth of a snake through which the venom is ejected. [A.S. fohan, to seize]

fango fango (fang´go)

Mud from the Battaglio thermal springs in Italy, applied externally in the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases of the joints and muscles. [It. mud]

Fannia Fannia (fan´e-a)

A genus of flies of the family Muscidae. Species include F. canicularis (the lesser housefly), commonly observed in kitchens or near food, which resembles Musca domestica (the common housefly) but is somewhat smaller and has three brown stripes on the thorax, and F. scalaris (the latrine fly) which commonly lays eggs in liquid feces of humans and animals and is distinguished from F. canicularis by two brown stripes on its thorax.

fantasy fantasy (fan´ta-se)

Imagery that is more or less coherent, as in dreams and daydreams, yet unrestricted by reality.phantasia; [G. phantasia, idea, image]

Farabeuf Farabeuf

Louis H., French surgeon, 1841-1910. See F.'s amputation, triangle.

farad (F) farad (F) (fa´rad)

A practical unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser having a charge of 1 coulomb under an electromotive force of 1 volt. [M. Faraday]

faradaic faradaic (fa-ra-da´ik)

faradic

Faraday Faraday

Michael, English physicist and chemist, 1791-1867. See farad; faraday; F.'s constant, laws, under law.

faraday (F) faraday (F) , Faraday (fa´ra-da)

96,485.309 Coulombs per mole, the amount of electricity required to reduce one equivalent of a monovalent ion. [M. Faraday]

faradic faradic (fa-rad´ik)

Obsolete term relating to induced electricity.faradaic;

faradism faradism (fa´ra-dizm)

Faradic (induction) electricity.
surging f. a current of gradually increasing and decreasing amplitude obtained by interposing a rhythmic resistance to the alternating current produced by the induction coil.

faradization faradization (fa´rad-i-za´shun)

Therapeutic application of the faradic (induced) electrical current.

faradocontractility faradocontractility (fa´ra-do-kon´trak-til´i-te)

Contractility of muscles under the stimulus of a faradic (induced) electric current.

faradomuscular faradomuscular (fa´ra-do-mus´kyu-lar)

Denoting the effect of applying a faradic (induced) electric current directly to a muscle.

faradopalpation faradopalpation (fa´ra-do-pal-pa´shun)

Esthesiometry by means of a sharp-pointed electrode through which a feeble alternating current passes to an indifferent electrode.

faradotherapy faradotherapy (fa´ra-do-thar´a-pe)

Treatment of disease or paralysis by means of faradic (induced) electric current.

Farber Farber

Sidney, U.S. pediatric pathologist, 1903-1973. See F.'s disease, syndrome.

farcy farcy (far´se)

1. A lymphatic disease of cattle caused by Nocardia farcinica. 2. The skin form of glanders. [L. farcio, to stuff]

fardel fardel (far-del´)

The total measurable penalty that is incurred as a result of the occurrence of a genetic disease in one individual; one of two major quantitative considerations in the prognostic aspects of genetic counseling, the other being risk of occurrence. The f. roughly measures the duration and the severity of the penalty, i.e., the integral of the total time-intensity function; e.g., color blindness has a low intensity of penalty throughout life, anencephaly causes intense distress for a brief time, Alzheimer's disease is intermediate in both respects but the f. is greater. [M.E., fr. O. Fr., fr. Ar. fardah, bundle]

farfara farfara (far´far-a)

The dried leaves of Tussilago farfara (family Compositae); a demulcent. [L. farfarus, coltsfoot]

farina farina (fa-re´na)

Flour or meal, as prepared from cereal grains such as Avena sativa (oats) or Triticum sativum (wheat); used as a starchy food. [L.]
f. avenae (fa-re´na a-ve-na) oatmeal flour.
f. tritici (fa-re´na trit´I-se) wheat flour.

farinaceous farinaceous (far-i-na´shus)

1. Relating to farina or flour. 2. Starchy.

a-farnesene a-farnesene (far´ne-sen)

3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene;a straight open-chain hydrocarbon built up of three isoprene units; one of the four isomeric forms occurs in the natural coating of apples.

beta-farnesene beta-farnesene

7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene;one of the two isomers (trans) that occurs in the alarm pheromone of some aphids and also in various essential oils.

farnesene alcohol farnesene alcohol

farnesol

farnesol farnesol (far´ne-sol)

A difarnesyl group that occurs in the side chain of vitamin K₂ and constitutes squalene; found in oil of citronella; a sesquiterpene alcohol.farnesene alcohol;

farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate (far´ne-sil pI´ro-fos´fat)

The pyrophosphoryl derivative of farnesol; a key intermediate in the synthesis of steroids, dolichol, ubiquinone, prenylated proteins, and heme a.

farnoquinone farnoquinone (far´no-kwin´on)

menaquinone-6

Farnsworth Farnsworth

Dean, U.S. naval officer, 1902-1959. See F.-Munsell color test.

Farr Farr

William, English medical statistician, 1807-1883. See F.'s law.

Farrant's mounting fluid Farrant's mounting fluid

See under fluid.

Farre Farre

Arthur, English obstetrician and gynecologist, 1811-1887. See F.'s line.

farsightedness farsightedness (far´sIt´ed-nes)

hyperopia

fascia fascia , fascias, pl. fasciae fascias (fash´e-a, -e-e) [NA]

A sheet of fibrous tissue that envelops the body beneath the skin; it also encloses muscles and groups of muscles, and separates their several layers or groups. [L. a band or fillet]
Abernethy's f. a layer of subperitoneal areolar tissue in front of the external iliac artery. See iliac f.
f. adhe´rens a broad intercellular junction in the intercalated disk of cardiac muscle that anchors actin filaments.
anal f. inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm
antebrachial f. it is continuous with the brachial f.; in the region of the wrist it forms two thickened bands, the extensor and flexor retinacula.f. antebrachii [NA], deep f. of forearm, f. of forearm;
f. antebra´chii [NA] antebrachial f
f. axilla´ris [NA] axillary f
axillary f. the f. that forms the floor of the axilla. It is continuous with the pectoral and clavipectoral f. anteriorly, with the brachial f. laterally, and with the f. of the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles posteriorly and medially.f. axillaris [NA] ;
bicipital f. bicipital aponeurosis
brachial f. the deep f. of the arm; it is continuous proximally with the pectoral f. and the f. covering the deltoid; distally it is continuous with the antebrachial f.f. brachii [NA], deep f. of arm;
f. bra´chii [NA] brachial f
broad f. deep f. of thigh
f. buc´copharyn´gea [NA] buccopharyngeal f
buccopharyngeal f. the f. that covers the muscular layer of the pharynx and is continued forward onto the buccinator muscle.f. buccopharyngea [NA] ;
Buck's f. deep f. of penis
f. bul´bi fascial sheath of eyeball
Camper's f. the more superficial, fatty part of the superficial fascia of the lower anterior abdominal wall.fatty layer of superficial fascia;
f. cervica´lis [NA] deep cervical f
f. cervicalis profunda deep cervical f
f. cine´rea fasciolar gyrus
clavipectoral f. a f. that extends between the coracoid process, the clavicle, and the thoracic wall. It includes the muscular f. which envelops the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles and the strong membrane (costocoracoid membrane) formed in the interval between them, and the suspensory ligament of the axilla. The clavipectoral fascia (and the muscles it envelopes) constitute the deep anterior wall of the axilla.f. clavipectoralis [NA] ;
f. clavipectora´lis [NA] clavipectoral f
f. clitor´idis [NA] f. of clitoris
f. of clitoris fibrous tissue comparable to the f. of the penis.f. clitoridis [NA] ;
Colles' f. superficial f. of perineum
Cooper's f. cremasteric f
cremasteric f. h;one of the coverings of the spermatic cord, formed of delicate connective tissue and of muscular fibers derived from the internal oblique muscle (cremaster muscle). See also aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique muscle.f. cremasterica [NA], Cooper's f., Scarpa's sheath;
f. cremaster´ica [NA] cremasteric f
cribriform f. the part of the superficial f. of the thigh that covers the saphenous opening.f. cribrosa [NA], Hesselbach's f;
f. cribro´sa [NA] cribriform f
crural f. f. of the leg; it is continuous with the f. lata and is attached proximally to the patella, ligamentum patellae, the tubercle and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula; distally it is thickened to form the flexor and extensor retinacula.f. cruris [NA], deep f. of leg, f. of leg;
f. cru´ris [NA] crural f
Cruveilhier's f. superficial f. of perineum
dartos f. a layer of smooth muscular tissue in the integument of the scrotum. See also dartos muliebris.tunica dartos [NA], dartos muscle, membrana carnosa, tunica carnea;
deep f. a thin fibrous membrane, devoid of fat, that invests the muscles, separating the several groups and the individual muscles, forms sheaths for the nerves and vessels, becomes specialized around the joints to form or strengthen ligaments, envelops various organs and glands, and binds all the structures together into a firm compact mass.f. profunda [NA] ;
deep f. of arm brachial f
deep cervical f. f. of the neck; it is divided into an external or investing layer (superficial lamina) that surrounds the neck and encloses the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, a middle or pretracheal layer in relation to the infrahyoid muscles, and a deep or prevertebral layer applied to the vertebrae and axial muscles.f. cervicalis [NA], deep f. of neck, f. cervicalis profunda;
deep f. of forearm antebrachial f
deep f. of leg crural f
deep f. of neck deep cervical f
deep f. of penis a deep layer which surrounds the three erectile bodies of the penis.Buck's f., f. penis profunda;
deep f. of thigh the strong deep f. of the thigh, enveloping the muscles of the thigh and thickened laterally as the iliotibial track.f. lata [NA], broad f;
f. denta´ta hippocam´pi dentate gyrus
dentate f. dentate gyrus
f. diaphrag´matis pel´vis infe´rior [NA] inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm
f. diaphrag´matis pel´vis supe´rior [NA] superior f. of pelvic diaphragm
f. diaphrag´matis urogenita´lis infe´rior [NA] * official alternate term for inferior f. of urogenital diaphragm
f. diaphrag´matis urogenita´lis supe´rior superior f. of urogenital diaphragm
dorsal f. of foot the f. that encloses the extensor tendons of the toes and blends with the inferior extensor retinaculum.f. dorsalis pedis [NA] ;
dorsal f. of hand the deep f. of the back of the hand continuous proximally with the extensor retinaculum.f. dorsalis manus [NA] ;
f. dorsa´lis ma´nus [NA] dorsal f. of hand
f. dorsa´lis pe´dis [NA] dorsal f. of foot
Dupuytren's f. palmar aponeurosis
endopelvic f. visceral pelvic f
endothoracic f. the extrapleural f. that lines the wall of the thorax; it extends over the cupula of the pleura as the suprapleural membrane and also forms a thin layer between the diaphragm and pleura (phrenicopleura f.)f. endothoracica [NA] ;
f. endothora´cica [NA] endothoracic f
external spermatic f. the outer fascial covering of the spermatic cord; it is continuous at the superficial inguinal ring with the f. covering the external oblique muscle. See also aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle.f. spermatica externa [NA] ;
f. of extraocular muscles fascial sheaths of extraocular muscles, under sheath
extraperitoneal f. the thin layer of f. and adipose tissue between the peritoneum and f. transversalis.f. subperitonealis [NA], subperitoneal f;
f. of forearm antebrachial f
Gerota's f. renal f
Godman's f. an extension of the pretracheal f. into the thorax and on to the pericardium.
Hesselbach's f. cribriform f
iliac f. the f. covering the iliacus and psoas muscles, continuous with transversalis fascia anterolaterally and with femoral sheath inferiorly.f. iliaca [NA] ;
f. ili´aca [NA] iliac f
iliopectineal f. a f. formed by the union of the fasciae covering the iliacus and pectinus muscles which cover the floor of the iliopectineal fossa. See iliopectineal arch.
inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm the f. that covers the inferior aspect of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles.f. diaphragmatis pelvis inferior [NA], anal f;
inferior f. of urogenital diaphragm the layer of fascia extending between the ischiopubic rami inferior to the sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perineal muscles.membrana perinei [NA], f. diaphragmatis urogenitalis inferior [NA], Camper's ligament, ligamentum triangulare, perineal membrane, triangular ligament;
infraspinatus f. , f. in´fraspina´ta the f. attached to the borders of the infraspinous fossa and covering the infraspinatus muscle; it is continuous with the f. covering the deltoid.
infundibuliform f. internal spermatic f
intercolumnar fasciae intercrural fibers, under fiber
internal spermatic f. the inner covering of the spermatic cord, continuous above the deep inguinal ring with f. transversalis.f. spermatica interna [NA], infundibuliform f., tunica vaginalis communis;
interosseous f. the f. covering the interosseous muscles of the hand or foot; it consists of a dorsal layer and a palmar or plantar layer.
investing f. investing layer of deep cervical fascia
lacrimal f. that part of the periorbita that bridges across the fossa or lacrimal sac.
f. la´ta [NA] deep f. of thigh
f. of leg crural f
lumbodorsal f. thoracolumbar f
masseteric f. the f. that covers the lateral surface of the masseter muscle.f. masseterica [NA] ;
f. massete´rica [NA] masseteric f
middle cervical f. pretracheal f
muscular f. of extraocular muscle fascial sheaths of extraocular muscles, under sheath
f. muscula´ris musculo´rum bul´bi [NA] fascial sheaths of extraocular muscles, under sheath
f. nu´chae [NA] nuchal f
nuchal f. the f. that encloses the posterior muscles of the neck.f. nuchae [NA] ;
obturator f. the portion of the pelvic f. that covers the obturator internus muscle.f. obturatoria [NA] ;
f. obturato´ria [NA] obturator f
orbital fasciae the fascial layers in the orbit consisting of periorbita, septum orbitale, f. muscularis musculorum bulbi, and vagina bulbi.fasciae orbitales [NA] ;
fas´ciae orbita´les [NA] orbital fasciae
palmar f. palmar aponeurosis
parietal pelvic f. including the obturator f., covers the muscles that pass from the interior of the pelvis to the thigh.f. pelvis parietalis;
parotid f. the part of the investing cervical f. that ensheaths the parotid gland and is fixed above to the zygomatic arch.f. parotidea [NA], fibrous capsule of parotid gland, parotid sheath;
f. parotid´ea [NA] parotid f
parotideomasseteric f. a dense membrane covering both the lateral and medial surfaces of the parotid gland, continuous anteriorly with the f. covering the masseter muscle. See parotid f., masseteric f.f. parotideomasseterica;
f. parotideomasseter´ica parotideomasseteric f
pectoral f. the f. that covers the pectoralis major muscle; it is attached to the sternum and to the clavicle; laterally and below it is continuous with the f. of the shoulder, axilla, and thorax.f. pectoralis [NA] ;
f. pectora´lis [NA] pectoral f
pelvic f. it includes parietal and visceral components: fascia pelvis parietalis and fascia pelvis visceralis.f. pelvis [NA] ;
f. pel´vis [NA] pelvic f
f. pel´vis parieta´lis parietal pelvic f
f. pel´vis viscera´lis visceral pelvic f
f. pe´nis [NA] f. of penis
f. of penis it is divided into two layers: deep f. of penis and of f. superficial penis.f. penis [NA] ;
f. pe´nis profun´da deep f. of penis
f. pe´nis superficia´lis superficial f. of penis
f. perine´i superficia´lis [NA] superficial f. of perineum
perirenal f. renal f
pharyngobasilar f. the fibrous coat of the pharyngeal wall situated between the mucous and muscular coats; it is attached above to the basilar part of the occipital bone, and the petrous part of the temporal bone. This layer and the mucosa which lines it forms the wall of the non-muscular pharynx (pharyngeal vault) above the superior pharyngesl constrictor muscle.f. pharyngobasilaris [NA], aponeurosis pharyngea, tela submucosa pharyngis;
f. pharyngobasila´ris [NA] pharyngobasilar f
phrenicopleural f. the thin layer of endothoracic f. intervening between the diaphragmatic pleura and the diaphragm.f. phrenicopleuralis [NA] ;
f. phrenicopleura´lis [NA] phrenicopleural f
plantar f. plantar aponeurosis
popliteal f. the f. that covers the popliteal fossa, continuous with fascia lata superiorly and crural fascia inferiorly.
Porter's f. pretracheal f
pretracheal f. the layer of fascia investing the infrahyoid muscles and contributing to the formation of the carotid sheath.lamina pretrachealis [NA], middle cervical f., Porter's f., pretracheal layer;
prevertebral f. the part of the cervical fascia which covers the bodies of the cervical vertebrae and the muscles attaching to them and to the anterior parts of their transverse processes.lamina prevertebralis [NA], prevertebral layer;
f. profun´da [NA] deep f
f. pros´tatae [NA] f. of prostate
f. of prostate the condensation of pelvic visceral f. that encloses the prostate gland.f. prostatae [NA] ;
rectovesical f. rectovesical septum
renal f. the condensation of the fibroareolar tissue and fat surrounding the kidney to form a sheath for the organ.f. renalis [NA], Gerota's capsule, Gerota's f., perirenal f;
f. rena´lis [NA] renal f
Scarpa's f. the deeper, membranous or lamellar part of the subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall; it is continuous with the superficial perineal (Colles') f.membranous layer of superficial fascia (2) ;
semilunar f. bicipital aponeurosis
Sibson's f. suprapleural membrane
f. spermat´ica exter´na [NA] external spermatic f
f. spermat´ica inter´na [NA] internal spermatic f
subperitoneal f. extraperitoneal f
f. subperitonea´lis [NA] extraperitoneal f
subsartorial f. dense fascial triangle extending from the inferior medial border of the adductor magnus muscle to the vastus medialis muscle. Along with the sartorius muscle, this dense f. forms the roof of the lower 1/2 of the adductor canal and, as the femoral vessels pass deep to it, is often mistaken for the adductor hiatus.vastoadductor f;
superficial f. a loose fibrous envelope beneath the skin, containing fat in its meshes (panniculus adiposus) or fasciculi of muscular tissue (panniculus carnosus); it contains the cutaneous vessels and nerves and is in relation by its undersurface with the deep fascia.f. superficialis [NA], tela subcutanea [NA], hypoderm, hypodermis, stratum subcutaneum, subcutis;
f. superficia´lis [NA] superficial f
superficial f. of penis a superficial layer continuous with f. perinei superficialis.f. penis superficialis;
superficial f. of perineum the membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue in the urogenital region attaching posteriorly to the border of the urogenital diaphragm, at the sides to the ischiopubic rami, and continuing anteriorly onto the abdominal wall.f. perinei superficialis [NA], Colles' f., Cruveilhier's f., membranous layer of superficial fascia (1) ;
superior f. of pelvic diaphragm the f. on the superior aspect of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles.f. diaphragmatis pelvis superior [NA] ;
superior f. of urogenital diaphragm a layer of f. that has been described on the superior surface of the sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perineal muscles. Its presence is doubted by some anatomists.f. diaphragmatis urogenitalis superior;
temporal f. the f. covering the temporal muscle; it is composed of two layers, lamina superficialis and lamina profunda; both attach above to the superior temporal line but diverge inferiorly to attach to the lateral and medial surfaces of the zygomatic arch.f. temporalis [NA], temporal aponeurosis;
f. tempora´lis [NA] temporal f
thoracolumbar f. the f. which covers the deep muscles of the back; it is attached to the angles of the ribs and to the spines of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, to the lower border of the twelth rib and to the iliac crest, as well as to the lumbocostal, iliolumbar, intertransverse, and supraspinous ligaments.f. thoracolumbalis [NA], lumbodorsal f., thoracolumbar aponeurosis;
f. thoracolumba´lis [NA] thoracolumbar f
Toldt's f. continuation of Treitz's f. behind the body of the pancreas.
f. transversa´lis [NA] transversalis f
transversalis f. the lining f. of the abdominal cavity, between the inner surface of the abdominal musculature and the peritoneum.f. transversalis [NA] ;
Treitz's f. f. behind the head of the pancreas.
triangular f. reflected inguinal ligament
f. triangula´ris abdom´inis reflected inguinal ligament
Tyrrell's f. rectovesical septum
umbilical prevesical f. the thin fascial layer interposed between the transversalis f. and the umbilicovesical f. It extends between the medial umbilical ligaments from the umbilicus downward in front of the bladder, forming the posterior boundary of the retropubic space.
umbilicovesical f. a thin fascial layer that extends between the medial umbilical ligaments and is continuous with f. enclosing the bladder.
vastoadductor f. subsartorial f
visceral pelvic f. covers the pelvic organs and surrounds vessels and nerves in the subperitoneal space.endopelvic f., f. pelvis visceralis;
Zuckerkandl's f. the posterior layer of the renal f.

fascial fascial (fash´e-al)

Relating to any fascia.

fascias fascias

See fascia.

fascicle fascicle (fas´i-kl)

A band or bundle of fibers, usually of muscle or nerve fibers; a nerve fiber tract.fasciculus [NA] ;
muscle f. a bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.
nerve f. a bundle of nerve fibers surrounded by perineurium.

fascicular fascicular (fa-sik´yu-lar)

Relating to a fasciculus; arranged in the form of a bundle or collection of rods.fasciculate, fasciculated;

fasciculate fasciculate , fasciculated (fa-sik´yu-lat, -la-ted)

fascicular

fasciculation fasciculation (fa-sik-yu-la´shun)

1. An arrangement in the form of fasciculi. 2. Involuntary contractions, or twitchings, of groups (fasciculi) of muscle fibers, a coarser form of muscular contraction than fibrillation.

fasciculi fasciculi (fa-sik´yu-lI)

Plural of fasciculus.

fasciculus fasciculus, gen and pl. fasciculi (fa-sik´yu-lus, fa-sik´yu-lI) [NA]

fascicle [L. dim. of fascis, bundle]
f. ante´rior pro´prius the ground bundle of the anterior column of the spinal cord. See fasciculi proprii.anterior ground bundle;
anterior pyramidal f. anterior pyramidal tract
arcuate f. 1. superior longitudinal f 2. unciform f
f. at´rioventricula´ris [NA] atrioventricular bundle
Burdach's f. cuneate f
calcarine f. a group of short association fibers beneath the calcarine fissure of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
central tegmental f. central tegmental tract
f. cir´cumoliva´ris pyram´idis an anomalous bundle of nerve fibers on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata that emerges from the pyramid and curves forward and dorsally over the lower pole of the olive; it is variously interpreted as an aberrant bundle of pontocerebellar fibers or corticopontine fibers.
f. corticospina´lis ante´rior anterior pyramidal tract
f. corticospina´lis latera´lis lateral pyramidal tract
cuneate f. the larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus.f. cuneatus [NA], Burdach's column, Burdach's f., Burdach's tract, cuneate funiculus, wedge-shaped f;
f. cunea´tus [NA] cuneate f
dorsal longitudinal f. a bundle of thin, poorly myelinated nerve fibers reciprocally connecting the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus with ventral parts of the central gray substance of the midbrain.f. longitudinalis dorsalis [NA], Schütz' bundle, tract of Schütz;
dorsolateral f. a longitudinal bundle of thin, unmyelinated and poorly myelinated fibers capping the apex of the posterior horn of the spinal gray matter, composed of posterior root fibers and short association fibers that interconnect neighboring segments of the posterior horn.f. dorsolateralis [NA], tractus dorsolateralis [NA], dorsolateral tract, f. marginalis, Lissauer's bundle, Lissauer's column, Lissauer's f., Lissauer's marginal zone, Lissauer's tract, marginal f., Spitzka's marginal tract, Spitzka's marginal zone, Waldeyer's tract, Waldeyer's zonal layer;
f. dorsolatera´lis [NA] dorsolateral f
Flechsig's fasciculi f. anterior proprius and f. lateralis proprius. See fasciculi proprii.
Foville's f. terminal stria
fronto-occipital f. occipitofrontal f
gracile f. the smaller medial subdivision of the posterior funiculus.f. gracilis [NA] ;
f. grac´ilis [NA] gracile ffuniculus gracilis, Goll's column, posterior pyramid of the medulla, slender f., tract of Goll;
hooked f. unciform f
inferior longitudinal f. a well marked bundle of long association fibers running the whole length of the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, in part parallel with the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.f. longitudinalis inferior [NA] ;
interfascicular f. semilunar f
f. interfascicula´ris [NA] * official alternate term for semilunar f
intersegmental fasciculi fasciculi proprii
f. latera´lis plex´us brachia´lis [NA] lateral cord of brachial plexus
f. latera´lis pro´prius See fasciculi proprii.
lateral pyramidal f. lateral pyramidal tract
lenticular f. the pallidal efferent fibers that cross the internal capsule and are insinuated between the subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta; they join in the formation of the thalamic fasciculus. See also lenticular loop.f. lenticularis;
f. lenticula´ris lenticular f
Lissauer's f. dorsolateral f
fasci´culi longitudina´les ligamen´ti crucifor´mis atlan´tis [NA] longitudinal bands of cruciform ligament, under band
fascic´uli longitudina´les pon´tis longitudinal pontine fasciculi
f. longitudina´lis dorsa´lis [NA] dorsal longitudinal f
f. longitudina´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior longitudinal f
f. longitudina´lis media´lis [NA] medial longitudinal f
f. longitudina´lis supe´rior [NA] superior longitudinal f
longitudinal pontine fasciculi the massive bundles of corticofugal fibers passing longitudinally through the ventral part of pons; they are composed of corticopontine, corticobulbar, and corticospinal fibers.fasciculi longitudinales pontis, longitudinal pontine bundles;
macular f. the collection of fibers in the optic nerve directly connected with the macula lutea.f. macularis;
f. macula´ris macular f
mamillotegmental f. a small bundle of fibers that passes dorsalward from the mamillary body for a short distance with the mamillothalamic tract, then turns down the brainstem to reach the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei of the mesencephalon.f. mamillotegmentalis [NA] ;
f. mamillotegmenta´lis [NA] mamillotegmental f
mamillothalamic f. a compact, thick bundle of nerve fibers that passes dorsalward from the mamillary body on either side to terminate in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.f. mamillothalamicus [NA], f. thalamomamillaris, mamillothalamic tract, Vicq d'Azyr's bundle;
f. mamillothalam´icus [NA] mamillothalamic f
marginal f. dorsolateral f
f. margina´lis dorsolateral f
f. media´lis plex´us brachia´lis [NA] medial cord of brachial plexus
medial longitudinal f. a longitudinal bundle of fibers extending from the upper border of the mesencephalon into the cervical segments of the spinal cord, located close to the midline and ventral to the central gray matter; it is composed largely of fibers from the vestibular nuclei ascending to the motor neurons innervating the external eye muscles (abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei), and descending to spinal cord segments innervating the musculature of the neck.f. longitudinalis medialis [NA], Collier's tract, medial longitudinal bundle, posterior longitudinal bundle;
Meynert's f. retroflex f
oblique pontine f. a bundle of fibers in the ventral surface of the pons running from the anterior mesial portion outward and backward.f. obliquus pontis, oblique bundle of pons;
f. obli´quus pon´tis oblique pontine f
occipitofrontal f. a bundle of association fibers extending from the frontal to the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.f. occipitofrontalis, fronto-occipital f;
f. occip´itofronta´lis occipitofrontal f
oval f. See semilunar f.
f. pedun´culomamilla´ris peduncle of mamillary body
pedunculomamillary f. peduncle of mamillary body
perpendicular f. a bundle of association fibers running vertically and interconnecting regions of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes.
f. poste´rior plex´us brachia´lis [NA] posterior cord of brachial plexus
proper fasciculi fasciculi proprii
fascic´uli pro´prii [NA] Flechsig's fasciculi or ground bundles (f. anterior proprius and f. lateralis proprius or lateral ground bundle); intersegmental fasciculi; ascending and descending association fiber systems of the spinal cord which lie deep in the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi adjacent to the gray matter.ground bundles, intersegmental fasciculi, proper fasciculi;
f. pyramida´lis ante´rior anterior pyramidal tract
f. pyramida´lis latera´lis lateral pyramidal tract
retroflex f. a compact bundle of fibers arising in the habenula and passing ventralward to the interpeduncular nucleus at the base of the midbrain; part of its fibers bypass this nucleus and terminate in the raphe nuclei of the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum.f. retroflexus [NA], habenulointerpeduncular tract, Meynert's f., Meynert's retroflex bundle;
f. retroflex´us [NA] retroflex f
f. rotun´dus solitary tract
round f. solitary tract
rubroreticular fasciculi bundles of fibers that connect the red nucleus to the pontine and midbrain reticular nuclei.fasciculi rubroreticulares [NA] ;
fasciculi rubroreticula´res [NA] rubroreticular fasciculi
semilunar f. a compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibers located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal f., Hoche's tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Philippe-Gombault in the sacral spinal segments; like these, it can be demonstrated only in cases of demyelination resulting from dorsal root lesions.f. semilunaris [NA], f. interfascicularis [NA], comma bundle of Schultze, comma tract of Schultze, interfascicular f;
f. semiluna´ris [NA] semilunar f
septomarginal f. septomarginal f. or tract. See semilunar f.f. septomarginalis [NA] ;
f. septomargina´lis [NA] septomarginal f
slender f. f. gracilis
f. solita´rius solitary tract
solitary f. solitary tract
subcallosal f. a bundle of thin nerve fibers running longitudinally beneath the corpus callosum in the angle between the latter and the caudate nucleus; it forms an anterior continuation of the tapetum of the temporal lobe and appears to consist largely of fibers projecting from the cerebral cortex to the caudate nucleus.f. subcallosus [NA] ;
f. subcallo´sus [NA] subcallosal f
subthalamic f. nerve fibers crossing the internal capsule between the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus; this f. contains pallidosubthalamic and subthalamopallidal fibers.
superior longitudinal f. long association fiber bundle lateral to the centrum ovale of the cerebral hemisphere, connecting the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes; the fibers pass from the frontal lobe through the operculum to the posterior end of the lateral sulcus where many fibers radiate into the occipital lobe and others turn downward and forward around the putamen and pass to anterior portions of the temporal lobe.f. longitudinalis superior [NA], arcuate f. (1) ;
thalamic f. nerve fibers forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic (crossed) and pallidothalamic (uncrossed) fibers that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta. See also fields of Forel, under field.f. thalamicus;
f. thalam´icus thalamic f
f. thal´amomamilla´ris mamillothalamic f
transverse fasciculi fasciculi transversi
fascic´uli transver´si [NA] the transversely directed fibers in the distal portions of the palmar and plantar aponeuroses.transverse fasciculi;
unciform f. , uncinate f. a band of long association fibers reciprocally connecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, running caudally through the white matter of the frontal lobe, sharply curving ventrally under the stem of the sylvian fissure, and then fanning out to the cortex of the anterior half of the superior and middle temporal gyri.f. uncinatus [NA], arcuate f. (2), frontotemporal tract, hooked f., temporofrontal tract;
uncinate f. of Russell uncinate bundle of Russell
f. uncina´tus [NA] unciform f
wedge-shaped f. cuneate f

fasciectomy fasciectomy (fash-e-ek´to-me)

Excision of strips of fascia. [fascia + G. ektome, excision]

fasciitis fasciitis (fas-e-I´tis, fash-)

1. Inflammation in fascia. 2. Reactive proliferation of fibroblasts in fascia.fascitis;
eosinophilic f. induration and edema of the connective tissues of the extremities, usually appearing following exertion; associated with elevated sedimentation rate, elevated IgG, and eosinophilia.Shulman's syndrome;
group A streptococcal necrotizing f. a complication of infection with GAS (group A streptococci) in which the bacteria attacks and destroys muscle tissue. According to the CDC, 5-10% of people with severe GAS infection develop necrotizing f. Though the infection can be treated with antibiotics, the fatality rate is close to 30%. This complication often develops as a wound infection after surgery or injury.
necrotizing f. a rare soft-tissue infection primarily involving the superficial fascia and resulting in extensive undermining of surrounding tissues; progress is often fulminant and may involve all soft-tissue components, including the skin; usually occurs postoperatively, after minor trauma, or after inadequate care of abscesses or cutaneous ulcers. See also group A streptococcal necrotizing f.
nodular f. a rapidly-growing tumor-like proliferation of fibroblasts, not thought to be neoplastic, with mild inflammatory exudation occurring in fascia; the fibrosis may infiltrate surrounding tissue but does not progress indefinitely or metastasize.pseudosarcomatous f;
parosteal f. a rare form of nodular f. arising from the periosteum, and which may be associated with reactive cortical bone formation.
proliferative f. a benign rapidly-growing subcutaneous nodule characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts and basophilic giant cells slightly resembling ganglion cells.
pseudosarcomatous f. nodular f

fascio- fascio-

A fascia. [L. fascia, a band or fillet]

fasciodesis fasciodesis (fas-e-od´e-sis, fas-)

Surgical attachment of a fascia to another fascia or a tendon. [fascio- + G. desis, a binding together]

Fasciola Fasciola (fa-se´o-la, fa-sI´o-la)

A genus of large, leaf-shaped, digenetic liver flukes (family Fasciolidae, class Trematoda) of mammals. [L. dim. of fascia, a band]
F. gigan´tica a species, resembling F. hepatica but of larger size, found in herbivores, especially in Africa, where it also infects humans.
F. hepat´ica the common liver fluke inhabiting the bile ducts of sheep and cattle; the intermediate hosts are aquatic snails, Lymnaea or related genera; after the cercariae escape, they become encysted on water plants by which they gain access to the intestinal canal; rarely, this fluke is reported from humans, in whom it may cause considerable biliary damage.

fasciola fasciola, pl. fasciolae (fa-se´o-la, fa-sI´o-la; -o-le)

A small band or group of fibers. [L. dim. of fascia, band, fillet]
f. cine´rea fasciolar gyrus

fasciolar fasciolar (fa-se´o-lar, fa-sI´)

Relating to the gyrus fasciolaris.

fascioliasis fascioliasis (fas´e-o-lI´a-sis, fa-sI´o-lI´a-sis)

Infection with a species of Fasciola.

fasciolid fasciolid (fa-se´o-lid, fa-sI´)

A member of the family Fasciolidae.

Fascioloides magna Fascioloides magna (fas´e-o-loy´dez mag´na, fa-sI´o-)

A species of fasciolid flukes found in the lungs and liver of deer and sometimes cattle in North America; it is not known to infect humans.

fasciolopsiasis fasciolopsiasis (fas´e-o-lop-sI´a-sis, fa-sI´o-)

Parasitization by any of the flukes of the genus Fasciolopsis.

Fasciolopsis Fasciolopsis (fas´e-o-lop´sis, fa-sI´o-)

A genus of very large intestinal fasciolid flukes. [Fasciola + G. opsis, form, appearance]
F. bus´ki the large intestinal fluke, a species found in the intestine of humans in eastern and southern Asia; transmitted via ingestion of water chestnuts or other vegetation contaminated with infective metacercariae.
F. rathoui´si a species reported from China in a few cases in the intestine or liver; possibly the same as F. buski.

fascioplasty fascioplasty (fash´e-o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of a fascia. [fascia + G. plastos, formed]

fasciorrhaphy fasciorrhaphy (fash-e-or´a-fe)

Suture of a fascia or aponeurosis.aponeurorrhaphy; [fascio- + G. rhaphe, suture]

fasciotomy fasciotomy (fash-e-ot´o-me)

Incision through a fascia; used in the treatment of certain vascular disorders and injuries when marked swelling is anticipated which could compromise blood flow; f. may be combined with embolectomy in the treatment of acute arterial embolism. [fascio- + G. tome, incision]

fascitis fascitis (fa-sI´tis)

fasciitis

fast fast

1. Durable; resistant to change; applied to stained microorganisms which cannot be decolorized. See also acid-fast. 2. Not eating. [A.S. foest, firm, fixed]

fast green FCF fast green FCF [C.I. 42053]

An acid arylmethane dye widely used in histology and cytology and less subject to fading than light green FCF which it has replaced in many procedures; used as a quantitative cytochemical stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and also in electrophoresis as a protein stain.

fastidious fastidious (fas-tid´e-us)

In bacteriology, having complex nutritional requirements.

fastidium cibi fastidium cibi (fas-tid´e-um kib´I)

Rarely used term for fickle or finicky appetite, caused by distaste for food. [L.]

fastigatum fastigatum (fas-ti-ga´tum)

fastigial nucleus [L. fastigatus, pointed]

fastigium fastigium (fas-tij´e-um)

1. Apex of the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain, an angle formed by the anterior and posterior medullary vela extending into the substance of the vermis. 2. The acme or period of full development of a disease. [L. top, as of a gable; a pointed extremity]

fastness fastness (fast´nes)

The state of tolerance exhibited by bacteria to a drug or other agent. See fast.

fat fat

1. adipose tissue 2. Common term for obese. 3. A greasy, soft-solid material, found in animal tissues and many plants, composed of a mixture of glycerol esters; together with oils they comprise the homolipids. 4. triacylglycerol [A.S. faet]
brown f. thermogenic tissue that is composed of cells containing numerous small fat droplets; lobular masses are found in the interscapular and mediastinal regions and other locations; although found most frequently in certain hibernating animals, it is also found in pigs, rodents, and the newborn of humans.brown adipose tissue, hibernating gland, interscapular gland, interscapular hibernoma, multilocular adipose tissue, multilocular f;
multilocular f. brown f
neutral f. a triester of fatty acids and glycerol (i.e., triacylglycerol).
saturated f. See saturated fatty acid.
split f. free fatty acids, as reduced by the action of lipases, neutral f.'s, or phospholipids.
unilocular f. adipose tissue in which the fat is present in a single droplet within the fat cells.white f. (2) ;
unsaturated f. See unsaturated fatty acid.
white f. 1. adipose tissue 2. unilocular f
wool f. lanolin

fatal fatal (fa´tal)

Pertaining to or causing death; denoting especially inevitability or inescapability of death. [L. fatalis, of or belonging to fate]

fatality fatality (fa-tal´i-te)

1. A condition, disease, or disaster ending in death. 2. An individual instance of death.

fate fate

The ultimate outcome.
prospective f. the normal development by any part of the egg or embryo without interference.

fatigability fatigability (fat´i-ga-bil´i-te)

A condition in which fatigue is easily induced.

fatigable fatigable (fat´i-ga-bl)

Tiring on very slight exertion. [L. fatigabilis, easily tired, fr. fatigo, to tire]

fatigue fatigue (fa-teg´)

1. That state, following a period of mental or bodily activity, characterized by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or irritability; may also supervene when, from any cause, energy expenditure outstrips restorative processes and may be confined to a single organ. 2. Sensation of boredom and lassitude due to absence of stimulation, monotony, or lack of interest in one's surroundings. [Fr., fr. L. fatigo, to tire]
auditory f. temporary shift of threshold sensitivity following exposure to sound.
battle f. a term used to denote psychiatric illness consequent to the stresses of battle. See also war neurosis, neurocirculatory asthenia.shell shock;
functional vocal f. phonasthenia

fat-pad fat-pad

An accumulation of somewhat encapsulated adipose tissue.corpus adiposum [NA] ;
Bichat's f.-p. buccal f.-p
buccal f.-p. an encapsuled mass of fat in the cheek on the outer side of the buccinator muscle, especially marked in the infant; supposed to strengthen and support the cheek during the act of sucking.corpus adiposum buccae [NA], Bichat's f.-p., Bichat's protuberance, fat body of cheek, sucking cushion, sucking pad, suctorial pad;
Imlach's f.-p. fat surrounding the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
infrapatellar f.-p. the fatty mass that occupies the area between the patellar ligament and the infrapatellar synovial fold of the knee joint.corpus adiposum infrapatellare [NA], infrapatellar fat body;
ischiorectal f.-p. the fat within the ischiorectal fossa.corpus adiposum fossae ischiorectalis [NA], fat body of ischiorectal fossa;
orbital f.-p. the mass of fat contained in the orbit that contributes to the support of the eyeball.corpus adiposum orbitae [NA], fat body of orbit;

fatty fatty (fat´e)

Oily or greasy; relating in any sense to fat.

fatty acid fatty acid

Any acid derived from fats by hydrolysis (e.g., oleic, palmitic, or stearic acids); any long-chain monobasic organic acid; they accumulate in disorders associated with the peroxisomes.
activated f.a. a fatty acyl-coenzyme A thiol ester.
diethenoid f.a. a f.a. containing two double bonds, e.g., linoleic acid.
essential f.a. a f.a. that is nutritionally essential; e.g., linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
omega3 f.a.'s a class of f.a.'s that have a double bond three carbons from the methyl moiety; reportedly, they play a role in lowering cholesterol and LDL levels.omega-3 f.a.'s;
omega-3 f.a.'s omega3 f.a.'s
saturated f.a. a f.a., the carbon chain of which contains no ethylenic or other unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms (e.g., stearic acid and palmitic acid); called saturated because it is incapable of absorbing any more hydrogen.
f.a. synthase complex the multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of palmitate from acetylcoenzyme A, malonylcoenzyme A, and NADPH.
f.a. thiokinase 1. long chain: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase; 2. medium chain: butyrate-CoA ligase.
unesterified free f.a. (UFA, FFA) free f.a.'s which occur in plasma as a result of lipolysis in adipose tissue or when plasma triacylglycerols are taken into tissues.
unsaturated f.a. a f.a., the carbon chain of which possesses one or more double or triple bonds (e.g., oleic acid, with one double bond in the molecule, and linoleic acid, with two); called unsaturated because it is capable of absorbing additional hydrogen.

fauces fauces, gen. faucium (faw´sez, faw´se-um) [NA]

The space between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx, bounded by the soft palate and the base of the tongue. See also isthmus of fauces.oropharyngeal passage; [L. the throat]

faucial faucial (faw´shal)

Relating to the fauces.

fauna fauna (faw´na)

The animal forms of a continent, district, locality, or habitat. [Mod. L. application of Fauna, sister of Faunus, a rural deity]

faveolate faveolate (fa-ve´o-lat)

Pitted.

faveolus faveolus, pl. faveoli (fa-ve´o-lus, -o-lI)

A small pit or depression. [Mod. L. dim. of favus, honeycomb]

favic chandeliers favic chandeliers (fa´vik shan-de-lerz´)

Specialized fungal hyphae that are curved, branched, and antler-like in appearance, formed by the pathogens Trichophyton schoenleinii and T. concentricum.

favid favid (fa´vid)

An allergic reaction in the skin observed in patients who have favus.

favism favism (fa´vizm)

An acute condition seen chiefly in Italy, following the ingestion of certain species of beans, e.g., Vicia faba, or inhalation of the pollen of its flower; characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, severe anemia, prostration, and coma; it occurs in certain individuals with genetic erythrocytic deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Chance exposure to the Vicia fava, by its impact on the phenotype of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, impinges on the expression or the gene, an example of incomplete penetrance.fabism; [Ital. favismo, from fava, bean]

Favre Favre

Maurice, French physician, 1876-1954. See Gamna-F. bodies, under body; Nicolas-F. disease.

Favre's dystrophy Favre's dystrophy

See under dystrophy.

favus favus (fa´vus, fah´vus)

A severe type of chronic ringworm of the scalp and nails caused by three dissimilar dermatophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii, T. violaceum, and Microsporum gypseum; it occurs more frequently in the Mediterranean countries, southeastern Europe, southern Asia, northern Africa, and the Orient. Differences in severity are related to hygiene.crusted ringworm, honeycomb ringworm, porrigo favosa, porrigo lupinosa, porrigo scutulata, tinea favosa; [L. honeycomb]

Fc Fc

See Fc fragment.

F.C.A.P. F.C.A.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the College of American Pathologists.

F.C.C.P. F.C.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the College of Chest Physicians.

Fd Fd

Abbreviation for ferredoxin.

FDA FDA

Abbreviation for Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

FDNB FDNB

Abbreviation for fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

FDP FDP

Abbreviation for fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, under product.

Fe Fe

Symbol for iron. [L. ferrum, iron]

52Fe ⁵²Fe

Symbol for iron-52.

55Fe ⁵⁵Fe

Symbol for iron-55.

59Fe ⁵⁹Fe

Symbol for iron-59.

fear fear (fer)

Apprehension; dread; alarm; by having an identifiable stimulus, f. is differentiated from anxiety which has no easily identifiable stimulus. [A.S. faer]

features features (fe´churz)

The various parts of the face, forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin, cheeks, and ears, that give to it its individuality and character. [through O. Fr., fr. L. factura, a making, fr. facio, to do]

febricant febricant (feb´ri-kant)

febrifacient

febricula febricula (fe-brik´yu-la)

A simple continued fever; a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology. [L. dim. of febris, fever]

febrifacient febrifacient (feb-ri-fa´shent)

1. Causing or favoring the development of fever.febriferous, febrific; 2. Anything that produces fever. See also pyrogenic.febricant; [L. febris, fever, + facio, to make]

febriferous febriferous (fe-brif´er-us)

febrifacient (1) [L. febris, fever, + fero, to bear, + -ous]

febrific febrific (fe-brif´ik)

febrifacient (1)

febrifugal febrifugal (fe-brif´yu-gal)

antipyretic (1)

febrifuge febrifuge (feb´ri-fyuj)

antipyretic (2) [L. febris, fever, + fugo, to put to flight]

febrile febrile (feb´ril, fe´brIl)

Denoting or relating to fever.feverish (1), pyrectic, pyretic;

febris febris (fe´bris)

fever [L.]
f. melitensis (fe´bris mel-I-ten´sis) infection with Brucella melitensis; See also Brucella melitensis.
f. undulans (fe´bris un-du-lanz´) brucellosis

fecal fecal (fe´kal)

Relating to feces.

fecalith fecalith (fe´ka-lith)

coprolith [L. faeces, feces, + G. lithos, stone]

fecaloid fecaloid (fe´ka-loyd)

Resembling feces. [L. faeces, feces, + G. eidos, resemblance]

fecaloma fecaloma (fe´ka-lo-ma)

coproma

fecaluria fecaluria (fe-ka-lu´re-a)

The commingling of feces with urine passed from the urethra in persons with a fistula connecting the intestinal tract and bladder, often noticed most dramatically by the passage of flatus through the urethra. [L. faeces, feces, + G. ouron, urine]

feces feces (fe´sez)

The matter discharged from the bowel during defecation, consisting of the undigested residue of the food, epithelium, the intestinal mucus, bacteria, and waste material from the food.stercus; [L., pl. of faex (faec-), dregs]

Fechner Fechner

Gustav T., German physicist, 1801-1887. See Weber-F. law; F.-Weber law.

feculent feculent (fek´yu-lent)

Foul. [L. faeculentus, full of excrement, fr. faeces, dregs, feces]

fecund fecund (fe´kund, fek´und)

fertile (1) [L. fecundus, fruitful]

fecundate fecundate (fe´kun-dat)

To impregnate; to make fertile. [L. fecundo, pp. -atus, to make fruitful, fertilize]

fecundation fecundation (fe-kun-da´shun)

The act of rendering fertile. See also fertilization, impregnation.

fecundity fecundity (fe-kun´di-te)

The ability to produce live offspring.

Fede Fede

Francesco, Italian physician, 1832-1913. See Riga-F. disease.

feedback feedback (fed´bak)

1. In a given system, the return, as input, of some of the output, as a regulatory mechanism; e.g., regulation of a furnace by a thermostat. 2. An explanation for the learning of motor skills: sensory stimuli set up by muscle contractions modulate the activity of the motor system. 3. The feeling evoked by another person's reaction to oneself. See biofeedback.
negative f. that which occurs if the sign or sense of the returned signal results in reduced amplification.
positive f. that which occurs when the sign or sense of the returned signal results in increased amplification or leads to instability.

feeding feeding (fed´ing)

Giving food or nourishment.
fictitious f. sham f
forced f. , forcible f. 1. giving liquid food through a nasal tube passed into the stomach; 2. forcing a person to eat more food than desired.forced alimentation;
gastric f. giving of nutriment directly into the stomach by means of a tube inserted via the nasopharynx and esophagus or directly through the abdominal wall.
nasal f. the giving of nourishment through a flexible tube passed through the nasal passages into the stomach.
sham f. a procedure used in the study of the psychic phase of gastric secretion: in experiments on dogs, the food, after being eaten, does not enter the stomach but issues from an esophageal fistula made in the neck; the chewing and swallowing of food causes an abundant secretion of gastric juice.fictitious f;

feeling feeling (fel´ing)

1. Any kind of conscious experience of sensation. 2. The mental perception of a sensory stimulus. 3. A quality of any mental state or mood, whereby it is recognized as pleasurable or the reverse.

Feer Feer

Emil, Swiss pediatrician, 1864-1955. See F.'s disease.

FEF FEF

Abbreviation for forced expiratory flow.

Fehling Fehling

Hermann von, German chemist, 1812-1885. See F.'s reagent, solution.

Feil Feil

André, French physician, *1884. See Klippel-F. syndrome.

Feiss Feiss

Henry O., 20th century American orthopedic surgeon. See F. line.

felbamate felbamate (fel´ba-mat)

An anticonvulsant/antiepileptic agent chemically related to meprobamate; useful in complex partial seizures.

Feldberg Feldberg

Wilhelm, British physiologist, *1900. See Dale-F. law.

Feldman Feldman

Harry Alfred, U.S. epidemiologist, *1914. See Sabin-F. dye test.

Felidae Felidae (fe´li-de)

A family of Carnivora embracing domestic and wild cats such as lions and tigers. [L. felis, cat]

feline feline (fe´lIn)

Pertaining or relating to cats. [L. felis, cat]

Felix Felix

Arthur, Polish bacteriologist, 1887-1956. See Weil-F. reaction, test.

fellatio fellatio (fe-la´she-o)

Oral stimulation of the penis; a type of oral-genital sexual activity; contrasted with cunnilingus, which is the oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris.fellation, fellatorism, irrumation; [L.]

fellation fellation (fe-la´shun)

fellatio

fellatorism fellatorism (fel´a-tor-izm)

fellatio

fellatrix fellatrix (fel-a-triks´)

A female who takes the oral part in fellatio.

felodipine felodipine (fe-lo´dI-pen)

A calcium blocking agent of the dihydropyridine class resembling nifedipine.

felon felon (fel´on)

A purulent infection or abscess involving the bulbous distal end of a finger.whitlow; [M.E. feloun, malignant]

Felson Felson

Benjamin, U.S. radiologist, 1913-1988. See silhouette sign of Felson.

feltwork feltwork

1. A fibrous network. 2. A close plexus of nerve fibrils. See neuropil.

Felty Felty

Augustus R., U.S. physician, 1895-1963. See F.'s syndrome.

FeLV FeLV

Abbreviation for feline leukemia virus.

felypressin felypressin (fel-i-pres´in)

[Phe²,Lys⁸]vasopressin;lysine vasopressin with l-phenylalanine at position 2.octapressin;

female female (fe´mal)

In zoology, denoting the sex that bears the young or the ovum.
genetic f. 1. an individual with a normal female karyotype, including two X chromosomes; 2. an individual whose cell nuclei contain Barr sex chromatin bodies, which are normally absent in males.
XO f. the genetic f. in Turner's syndrome, where the criterion is the macroscopic appearance of the external genitals.
XXX f. See triple X syndrome.

feminization feminization (fem´i-ni-za´shun)

Development of what are superficially external female characteristics by a male.
testicular f. See testicular feminization syndrome.

femoral femoral (fem´o-ral)

Relating to the femur or thigh.

femorocele femorocele (fem´o-ro-sel)

femoral hernia [L. femur, thigh, + G. kele, hernia]

femorotibial femorotibial (fem´o-ro-tib´e-al)

Relating to the femur and the tibia.

femto- (f) femto- (f)

SI and metric systems to signify one-quadrillionth (10^-15). [Danish and Norwegian femten, fifteen]

femur femur, gen. femoris, pl. femora (fe´mur, fem´o-ris, -a) [NA]

1. The thigh. 2. The long bone of the thigh, articulating with the hip bone proximally and the tibia and patella distally.os femoris [NA], thigh bone; [L. thigh]

fenbufen fenbufen (fen-bu´fen)

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent resembling ibuprofen.

fencamine fencamine (fen´ka-men)

8-({2-[Methyl(a-methylphenethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)caffeine;a central nervous system stimulant.

fenclofenac fenclofenac (fen-klo´fen-ak)

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of joint disorders; similar to diclofenac.

fenclonine fenclonine (fen´klo-nen)

dl-3-(p-Chlorophenyl)alanine;a serotonin inhibitor.

Fendt Fendt

H., 19th century Austrian dermatologist. See Spiegler-F. pseudolymphoma, sarcoid.

fenestra fenestra, pl. fenestrae (fe-nes´tra, -tre)

1. [NA] An anatomical aperture, often closed by a membrane. 2. An opening left in a plaster of Paris or other form of fixed dressing in order to permit access to a wound or inspection of the part. 3. The opening in one of the blades of an obstetrical forceps. 4. A lateral opening in the sheath of an endoscopic instrument that allows lateral viewing or operative maneuvering through the sheath. 5. Openings in the wall of a tube, catheter, or trocar designed to promote better flow of air or fluids.window; [L. window]
f. of the cochlea f. cochleae
f. coch´leae [NA] an opening on the medial wall of the middle ear leading into the cochlea, closed in life by the secondary tympanic membrane.cochlear window, f. of the cochlea, f. rotunda, round window;
f. nov-ova´lis artificial opening through the otic capsule of the lateral semicircular canal, connecting the membranous labyrinth with the mastoid cavity produced during fenestration surgery.
f. ova´lis f. vestibuli
f. rotun´da f. cochleae
f. of the vestibule f. vestibuli
f. vestib´uli [NA] an oval opening on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity leading into the vestibule, closed in life by the foot of the stapes.f. of the vestibule, f. ovalis, oval window, vestibular window;

fenestrated fenestrated (fen´es-tra´ted)

Having fenestrae or window-like openings.

fenestration fenestration (fen-es-tra´shun)

1. The presence of openings or fenestrae in a part. 2. Making openings in a dressing to allow inspection of the parts. 3. In dentistry, a surgical perforation of the mucoperiosteum and alveolar process to expose the root tip of a tooth to permit drainage of tissue exudate.
optic nerve sheath f. the cutting of a window in the dura of the optic nerve sheath to relieve papilledema and prevent further loss of optic nerve fibers.
tracheal f. a surgical procedure to create an epithelialized mucocutaneous opening from the neck into the trachea.

fenethylline hydrochloride fenethylline hydrochloride (fen-eth´I-len)

7-{2-[(a-Methylphenethyl)amino]ethyl}theophylline hydrochloride;an analeptic.

fenfluramine hydrochloride fenfluramine hydrochloride (fen-flu´ra-men)

N-Ethyl-a-methyl-m-(trifluoromethyl)phenethylamine hydrochloride;an anorexigenic agent.

Fenn Fenn

Wallace Osgood, U.S. physiologist, 1893-1971. See F. effect.

fennel fennel (fen´l)

Fennel seed, the dried ripe fruit of cultivated varieties of Foeniculum vulgare (family Umbelliferae), an herb native to southern Europe and Asia, a diaphoretic and carminative; a volatile oil distilled from the fruit is used as a flavoring. [through O. Fr., fr. L. faeniculum, fennel, dim. of faenum, hay]

fenoprofen calcium fenoprofen calcium (fen-o-pro´fen)

Calcium (±)-m-phenoxyhydratropate dihydrate;an anti-inflammatory analgesic used for treatment of mild to moderate pain and for osteoarthritis.

fenoterol fenoterol (fen´o-ter´ol)

A beta₂ agonist inhalation bronchodilator.

fenpipramide fenpipramide (fen-pip´ra-mId)

a,a-Diphenyl-1-piperidinebutyramide;an antispasmodic.

fentanyl citrate fentanyl citrate (fen´ta-nil)

N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide citrate;a short-acting narcotic analgesic used as a supplementary analgesic in general anesthesia.

fenticlor fenticlor (fen´ti-klor)

2,2´-Thiobis[4-chlorophenol];a topical anti-infective agent.

fenugreek fenugreek (fen´yu-grek)

Trigonella faenumgraecum (family Leguminosae);an annual plant indigenous to western Asia and cultivated in Africa and parts of Europe; the mucilaginous seeds are used as food and in the preparation of culinary spices (curry). [L. faenum graecum, fenugreek, fr. faenum, hay, + Graecus, Greek]

Fenwick Fenwick

Samuel, British physician, 1821-1902. See F.'s disease.

Fenwick Fenwick

Edwin Hurry, British urologist, 1856-1944. See F.-Hunner ulcer.

feral feral (fer´il)

Denoting an animal that is wild and untamed.

Féréol Féréol

Louis H.F., Paris physician, 1825-1891.

Fergusson Fergusson

Sir William, Scottish surgeon, 1808-1877. See F.'s incision.

ferment ferment (fer-ment´)

To cause or to undergo fermentation. [L. fermentum, leaven]

fermentable fermentable (fer-ment´a-bl)

Capable of undergoing fermentation.

fermentation fermentation (fer-men-ta´shun)

1. A chemical change induced in a complex organic compound by the action of an enzyme, whereby the substance is split into simpler compounds. 2. In bacteriology, the anaerobic dissimilation of substrates with the production of energy and reduced compounds; the mechanism of f. does not involve a respiratory chain or cytochrome, hence oxygen is not the final electron acceptor as it is in oxidation. [L. fermento, pp. -atus, to ferment, from L. fermentum, yeast]
acetic f. , acetous f. f., as of wine or beer, whereby the alcohol is oxidized to acetic acid (vinegar).
alcoholic f. the anaerobic formation of ethanol and CO₂ from d-glucose. Cf. Gay-Lussac's equation.
amylic f. f. of potato or corn mash, or other starchy material, by which fusel oil is produced.
lactic acid f. the production of lactic acid in milk, or other carbohydrate-containing media, caused by the presence of any one of a number of lactic acid bacteria.

fermentative fermentative (fer-ment´a-tiv)

Causing or having the ability to cause fermentation.

fermenter fermenter (fer-ment´er)

A large container used in cultures of microorganisms.

fermium (Fm) fermium (Fm) (fer´me-um)

Radioactive element, artificially prepared in 1955, atomic no. 100, atomic wt. 257.095; ²⁵⁷Fm has the longest known half-life (100.5 days). [E. Fermi, It.-U.S. physicist and Nobel laureate, 1901-1954]

Fernandez reaction Fernandez reaction

See under reaction.

Fernbach Fernbach

Auguste, French microbiologist, 1860-1939. See F. flask.

ferning ferning

A term used to describe the pattern of arborization produced by cervical mucus, secreted at midcycle, upon crystallization, which resembles somewhat a fern or a palm leaf.

ferratin ferratin (fer´a-tin)

Sodium iron albuminate;a hematinic.

ferredoxins ferredoxins (fer-e-dok´sinz)

Proteins containing iron and (labile) sulfur in equal amounts, displaying electron-carrier activity but no classical enzyme function; differentiated from rubredoxins but, generally, not from high potential iron-sulfur proteins. F.'s are found in green plants, algae, and anaerobic bacteria, and are involved in several oxidation-reduction reactions in living organisms (e.g., nitrogen fixation).

Ferrein Ferrein

Antoine, French anatomist, 1693-1769. See F.'s canal, cords, under cord, foramen, ligament, pyramid, tube, vasa aberrantia, under vas; processus ferreini.

ferri- ferri-

Prefix designating the presence of a ferric ion in a compound. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferric ferric (fer´ik)

Relating to iron, especially denoting a salt containing iron in its higher (triad) valence, Fe³⁺.

ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate

Soluble ferric citrate;a compound used in hypochromic anemia; it is relatively free of astringent and irritant action.

ferric ammonium citrate, green ferric ammonium citrate, green

A compound used in hypochromic anemia.

ferric ammonium sulfate ferric ammonium sulfate

An astringent and styptic.ammonium ferric sulfate, ferric alum, iron alum;

ferric chloride ferric chloride

An astringent and styptic.

ferric fructose ferric fructose

A potassium-iron-fructose; a hematinic drug.

ferric glycerophosphate ferric glycerophosphate

A tonic and a source of iron.

ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide

Hydrated iron oxide;a compound previously used, freshly prepared, as an antidote to arsenic poisoning.

ferric oxide ferric oxide

A compound used as a coloring material.

ferric phosphate ferric phosphate

A compound used as a feed and as a food supplement.
soluble f.p. f.p. with sodium citrate; a hematinic.

ferric sulfate ferric sulfate

Iron persulfate, tersulfate, or sesquisulfate; an astringent and styptic.

ferricyanide ferricyanide (fe-rI-sI´a-nId, fer-e-)

The anion Fe(CN)₆^3-.

ferricytochrome ferricytochrome (fe-rI-sI´to-krom, fer-e-)

A cytochrome containing oxidized (ferric) iron.

ferriheme ferriheme (fe´rI-hem, fer´e-)

hematin
f. chloride hemin

ferrihemoglobin ferrihemoglobin (fer´I-he-mo-glo´bin, fer´e-)

methemoglobin

ferriporphyrin ferriporphyrin (fe-rI-por´fi-rin, fer-e-)

The compound formed between a ferric ion and a porphyrin; e.g., ferriprotoporphyrin (hemin).
f. chloride hemin

ferriprotoporphyrin ferriprotoporphyrin (fer´i-pro-to-por´fi-rin, fer´e-)

hemin

ferritin ferritin (fer´I-tin, fer´a-)

An iron protein complex, containing up to 23% iron, formed by the union of ferric iron with apoferritin; it is found in the intestinal mucosa, spleen, bone marrow, reticulocytes, and liver, and regulates iron storage and transport from the intestinal lumen to plasma.

ferro- ferro-

Prefix designating the presence of metallic iron or of the divalent ion Fe²⁺. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferrochelatase ferrochelatase (far-o-ke´la-tas)

A lyase that catalyzes the reversible acid hydrolysis of heme, forming protoporphyrin IX and free ferrous iron; inhibited by lead; a deficiency of f. results in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

ferrocholinate ferrocholinate (far´o-ko´li-nat)

Iron choline citrate chelate, used for oral administration in the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemias.

ferrocyanide ferrocyanide (far-o-sI´a-nId)

A compound containing the anion Fe(CN)₆⁴^-.

ferrocytochrome ferrocytochrome (far-o-sI´to-krom)

A cytochrome containing reduced (ferrous) iron.

ferroheme ferroheme (far´o-hem)

heme

ferrokinetics ferrokinetics (far-o-ki-net´iks)

The study of iron metabolism using radioactive iron. [L. ferrum, iron, + G. kinesis, movement]

ferroporphyrin ferroporphyrin (far-o-por´fi-rin)

The compound formed between a ferrous ion and a porphyrin; e.g., ferroprotoporphyrin (heme).

ferroproteins ferroproteins (far-o-pro´tenz)

Proteins containing iron in a prosthetic group; e.g., heme, cytochrome.

ferroprotoporphyrin ferroprotoporphyrin (far´o-pro-to-por´fi-rin)

heme

ferrosoferric ferrosoferric (far-o´so-far´ik)

Denoting a combination of a ferrous compound with a ferric compound, as in Fe₃O₄.

ferrotherapy ferrotherapy (far´o-thar´a-pe)

Therapeutic use of iron. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferrous ferrous (far´us)

Relating to iron, especially denoting a salt containing iron in its lowest valence state, Fe²⁺. [L. ferreus, made of iron]

ferrous citrate ferrous citrate

A compound that occurs in several forms, two of which are monoferrous acid citrate monohydrate and triferrous dicitrate decahydrate; a hematinic.

ferrous fumarate ferrous fumarate

Iron fumarate, a hematinic.

ferrous gluconate ferrous gluconate

Iron gluconate; a hematinic.

ferrous lactate ferrous lactate

Iron lactate; a hematinic.

ferrous succinate ferrous succinate

Iron succinate; a hematinic.

ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate

iron sulfate
dried f.s. exsiccated iron sulfate; a hematinic.

ferrugination ferrugination (fe-ru´ji-na´shun)

Deposition of mineral deposits including iron in the walls of small blood vessels and at the site of a dead neuron. [L. ferrugo, iron-rust]

ferruginous ferruginous (fe-ru´ji-nus)

1. Iron-bearing; associated with or containing iron. 2. Of the color of iron rust. [L. ferrugineus, iron rust, rust-colored]

ferrule ferrule (fer´ul)

A metal band or ring used around the crown or root of a tooth. [corrupted through O. Fr. and Medieval L., fr. L. viriola, a small bracelet]

Ferry Ferry

Erwin S., U.S. physicist, 1868-1956. See F.-Porter law.

fertile fertile (fer´til)

1. Fruitful; capable of conceiving and bearing young.fecund; 2. Impregnated; fertilized. [L. fertilis, fr. fero, to bear]

fertility fertility (fer-til´i-te)

The actual production of live offspring, i.e., does not include stillbirths.

fertilization fertilization (fer´til-i-za´shun)

The process beginning with penetration of the secondary oocyte by the spermatozoon and completed by fusion of the male and female pronuclei.
in vitro f. (IVF) a process whereby (usually multiple) ova are placed in a medium to which sperm are added for fertilization, the zygote thus produced then being introduced into the uterus and allowed to develop to term.
in vivo f. f. of a ripe egg within the distal fallopian tube of a fertile donor female (rather than in an artificial medium), for subsequent nonsurgical transfer to an infertile recipient.

fertilizin fertilizin (fer-til´i-zin)

An acid polysaccharide-amino acid complex associated with the female gamete membrane of several organisms; provides receptor groups that agglutinate sperm and bind them to ova.

Ferula Ferula (far´u-la)

A genus of plants of the family Umbelliferae. F. assa-foetida, F. rubricaulis and F. foetida furnish asafetida; F. galbaniflua and F. rubricaulis, galbanium; and F. sumbul, sumbul. [L. giant plant]

fervescence fervescence (fer-ves´ens)

An increase of fever. [L. fervesco, to begin to boil, fr. ferveo, to boil]

fester fester

1. To form pus or putrefy. 2. To make inflamed. [L. fistula]

festinant festinant (fes´ti-nant)

Rapid; hastening; accelerating. [L. festino, to hasten]

festination festination (fes-ti-na´shun)

festinating gait [L. festino, to hasten]

festoon festoon (fes-tun´)

1. A carving in the base material of a denture that simulates the contours of the natural tissue that is being replaced by the denture. 2. A distinguishing characteristic of certain hard tick species, consisting of small rectangular areas separated by grooves along the posterior margin of the dorsum of both males and females. [thr. Fr. fr. L. festum, festival, hence festive decorations]
gingival f. an arcuate enlargement of the marginal gingiva.

festooning festooning (fes-tun´ing)

Undulating, like the pattern of dermal papillae beneath a subepidermal blister.

FET FET

Abbreviation for forced expiratory time.

fetal fetal (fe´tal)

1. Relating to a fetus; 2. In utero development after the eighth week.

fetalism fetalism (fe´tal-izm)

Presence of certain fetal structures or characteristics in the body after birth.

fetal reticularis fetal reticularis (fe´tal re-tik-yu-la´ris)

1. fetal adrenal cortex 2. androgenic zone (2) 3. X zone (2)

fetation fetation (fe-ta´shun)

pregnancy

feticide feticide (fe´ti-sId)

Destruction of the embryo or fetus in the uterus. [L. fetus + caedo, to kill]

fetid fetid (fet´id, fe´tid)

Foul-smelling. [L. foetidus]

fetish fetish (fet´ish, fe´tish)

An inanimate object or nonsexual body part that is regarded as endowed with magic or erotic qualities. [Fr. fétiche, fr. L. factitius, made by art, artificial]

fetishism fetishism (fet´ish-izm, fe´tish-)

The act of worshipping or using for sexual arousal and gratification that which is regarded as a fetish.

fetlock fetlock (fet´lok)

The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of ungulates; also the cushion-like caudal projection above the hoof of the horse and similar animals, and the tuft of hair in this region.

fetoglobulins fetoglobulins (fe-to-glob´yu-linz)

One of a number of proteins found in fetal blood of unknown function. a-F. occurs in small amounts in normal adults and in larger amounts in the fetus and pregnant mother, especially in the second trimester; elevated levels are also detected in adult patients with liver disease and neoplasms.

fetography fetography (fe-tog´ra-fe)

Radiography of the fetus in utero, using contrast medium; an obsolete technique. Cf. amniography. [L. fetus + G. grapho, to write]

fetology fetology (fe-tol´o-je)

fetal medicine [L. fetus + G. logos, study]

fetometry fetometry (fe-tom´e-tre)

Estimation of the size of the fetus, especially of its head, prior to delivery. [L. fetus + G. metron, measure]

fetopathy fetopathy (fe-top´a-the)

embryopathy [L. fetus + G. pathos, suffering, disease]
diabetic f. f. resulting from maternal diabetes, which may cause macrosomia and fetal death.

fetoplacental fetoplacental (fe´to-pla-sen´tal)

Relating to the fetus and its placenta.

fetoproteins fetoproteins (fe-to-pro´tenz)

Fetal proteins found in small amounts in adults in the following forms: a-f. (AFP) increases in maternal blood during pregnancy and, when detected by amniocentesis, is an important indicator of open neural tube defects and is also used as a tumor marker in adults with hepatocellular carcinoma; beta-f. , although a fetal liver protein, has been detected in adult patients with liver disease; gamma-f. occurs in various neoplasms. See also fetoglobulins.
a f. a protein normally produced during the 12th to 15th week of gestation, decreasing thereafter, but appearing in the blood in certain tumors, such as embryonal carcinomas of the testis and ovary, hepatoma, and less often in patients with carcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, colon, or lung. When present, a useful marker in following the course of a tumor.

fetor fetor (fe´tor)

A very offensive odor. [L. an offensive smell, fr. feteo, to stink]
f. hepat´icus a peculiar odor to the breath in persons with severe liver disease; caused by volatile aromatic substances that accumulate in the blood and urine due to defective hepatic metabolism.liver breath;
f. o´ris halitosis

fetoscope fetoscope (fe´to-skop)

1. A fiberoptic endoscope used in fetology. 2. A stethoscope designed for listening to fetal heart sounds.

fetoscopy fetoscopy (fe-tos´ko-pe)

Use of a fiberoptic endoscope to view the fetus and the fetal surface of the placenta transabdominally, and also for collection of fetal blood from the umbilical vein for antenatal diagnosis of fetal disorders.

fetus fetus, pl. fetuses (fe´tus, fe´tus-ez)

1. The unborn young of a viviparous animal after it has taken form in the uterus. 2. [NA] In humans, the product of conception from the end of the eighth week to the moment of birth. [L. offspring]
f. in fe´tu condition in which a small, imperfectly formed fetus is contained within a fetus.
harlequin f. a severe autosomal recessive form of collodian baby in a newborn, usually premature, infant; i.e., a form of ichthyosiform erythroderma characterized by encasement of the body in grayish brown, often fissured plaques resembling plates of armor, and by grotesque deformity of the face, hands, and feet; usually fatal within a few days, although treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid has been successful in some cases.ichthyosis fetalis (1) ;
impacted f. a f. which, because of its large size or narrowing of the pelvic canal, has become wedged and incapable of spontaneous advance or recession.
f. papyra´ceus one of twin f.'s that has died and been pressed flat against the uterine wall by the growth of the living f.
f. sanguinolentis (san-gwi´no-len´tis) dead f. that has become macerated.

Feulgen Feulgen

Robert, German nucleic acid biochemist and cytochemist, 1884-1955. First to detect DNA in cells by a specific cytochemical test.

FEV FEV

Abbreviation for forced expiratory volume, with subscript indicating time interval in seconds.

fever fever (fe´ver)

A complex physiologic response to disease mediated by pyrogenic cytokines and characterized by a rise in core temperature, generation of acute phase reactants and activation of immunologic systems.febris, pyrexia; [A.S. fefer]
absorption f. an elevation of temperature often occurring, without other untoward symptoms, shortly after childbirth, assumed to be due to absorption of uterine discharges through abrasions of the vaginal wall.
acclimating f. elevated temperature with malaise that occurs upon working in a very hot environment.
Aden f. dengue
aestivoautumnal f. falciparum malaria
African hemorrhagic f. hemorrhagic f. associated with the morphologically similar but antigenically distinct Marburg and Ebola viruses. See also viral hemorrhagic f.
African swine f. (ASF) a highly fatal disease of swine caused by African swine f. virus, which has not been classified to date. It has its reservoir in wild wart hogs and bush pigs; it is characterized by high f., cough, diarrhea, and high mortality; clinically, it closely resembles hog cholera (swine f.), but the viruses of these diseases do not cross-immunize.
African tick f. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f
algid pernicious f. a pernicious malarial attack in which the patient presents symptoms of collapse and shock.
ardent f. a term sometimes applied to hyperpyrexia occurring in intermittent malarial f.heat apoplexy (2) ;
Argentinean hemorrhagic f. a form of hemorrhagic f. observed in South America, seemingly transmitted by contact from rodents to man and caused by the Junin virus, a member of the family Arenaviridae.
artificial f. pyretotherapy
aseptic f. f. accompanied by malaise due to absorption of dead but not infected tissue following an injury.
Assam f. visceral leishmaniasis
Australian Q f. a variety of Q f. occurring in Australia; an acute infectious rickettsial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii and transmitted by ticks, enzootic in animals in Australia, especially bandicoots.
autumn f. 1. a f. resembling dengue occurring at the end of the summer in India;seven-day f. (1) ; 2. hasamiyami
biliary f. of dogs a form of babesiosis (piroplasmosis) of the dog characterized by fever and icterus and caused by Babesia canis.
biliary f. of horses equine babesiosis
bilious remittent f. 1. old term for relapsing f.; 2. malarial "bilious" vomiting associated with marked increase of serum bilirubin.
black f. Rocky Mountain spotted f
blackwater f. hemoglobinuria resulting from severe hemolysis occurring in falciparum malaria.malarial hemoglobinuria
blue f. Rocky Mountain spotted f
Bolivian hemorrhagic f. a disease similar to Argentinian hemorrhagic f. but caused by the Machupo virus, a member of the family Arenaviridae.
bouquet f. dengue
boutonneuse f. tick-borne infection with Rickettsia conorii seen in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, India, and known by different names in different areas e.g., Marseille fever, Crimean fever, Indian tick typhus, and Kenya fever.Crimean f., eruptive f., fièvre boutonneuse, Indian tick typhus, Kenya f., Marseilles f., tick typhus;
bovine ephemeral f. ephemeral f. of cattle
bovine petechial f. a disease of cattle in Kenya caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia ondiri and characterized by hemorrhage and edema.Ondiri disease;
brass founder's f. an occupational disease, characterized by malaria-like symptoms, due to inhalation of particles and fumes of metallic oxides. Fumes are formed by evaporation at very high temperature and condensation in air into fine particles.brass founder's ague, foundryman's f., metal fume f., zinc fume f;
Brazilian hemorrhagic f. Brazilian spotted f
Brazilian purpuric f. Brazilian spotted f
Brazilian spotted f. fulminating sepsis, usually beginning with conjunctivitis, characterized by purpuric skin lesions, a high fatality rate; thought to be due to Hemophilus aegyptius.Brazilian hemorrhagic f., Brazilian purpuric f;
breakbone f. dengue
bullous f. pemphigus acutus
Bunyamwera f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa caused by the Bunyamwera virus and transmitted by culicine mosquitoes.
Burdwan f. visceral leishmaniasis
Bwamba f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa caused by a virus of the family Bunyaviridae and transmitted by mosquitoes.
cachectic f. visceral leishmaniasis
camp f. 1. typhus 2. any epidemic febrile illness affecting troops in an encampment.
canefield f. field f
canicola f. a disease of man caused by the canicola serovar of Leptospira interrogans and transmitted by infective urine, usually from dogs but rarely from cattle and swine.
Carter's f. an Asiatic relapsing f. caused by Borrelia carteri.
catarrhal f. old term for the group of respiratory tract diseases including the common cold, influenza, and lobular and lobar pneumonia.
cat-bite f. cat-bite disease
cat-scratch f. cat-scratch disease
catheter f. urinary f
Central European tick-borne f. tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype)
cerebrospinal f. meningococcal meningitis
Charcot's intermittent f. f., chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with intermittently obstructing common duct stones.
childbed f. puerperal f
Colorado tick f. an infection caused by Colorado tick f. virus and transmitted to humans by Dermacentor andersoni; the symptoms are mild, there is no rash, the temperature is not excessive, and the disease is rarely, if ever, fatal.tick f. (5) ;
Congolian red f. murine typhus
continued f. obsolete term for a febrile illness without the intermittency of malaria. Many cases were typhoid f., but included many types of febrile illnesses.
cotton-mill f. byssinosis
Crimean f. boutonneuse f
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. a form of hemorrhagic f. distinct from Omsk hemorrhagic f., occurring in central Russia, transmitted by species of the tick Hyalomma, and caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family; horses are the chief reservoir of human infection; characterized by abrupt onset, high f., headache, myalgia, widespread petechia hemorrhagic lesions, gastrointestinal bleeding, high fatality rate.African tick f;
dandy f. dengue
date f. dengue
deer-fly f. tularemia
dehydration f. thirst f
dengue f. dengue
dengue hemorrhagic f. dengue
desert f. primary coccidioidomycosis
digestive f. a slight rise of body temperature occurring during the period of digestion.
diphasic milk f. tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype)
double quotidian f. malaria in which two paroxysms of f. occur daily.
drug f. f. resulting from an allergic reaction to a drug that clears rapidly on discontinuation of the drug.
Dumdum f. visceral leishmaniasis
Dutton's relapsing f. Dutton's disease
East Coast f. a serious disease of cattle in eastern and central Africa, caused by the protozoan Theileria parva and characterized by high fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, and high case fatality; transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and other ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus.
Ebola hemorrhagic f. hemorrhagic f
elephantoid f. lymphangitis and an elevation of temperature marking the beginning of endemic elephantiasis (filariasis).
enteric f. 1. typhoid f 2. the group of typhoid and paratyphoid f.'s.
entericoid f. a f., neither paratyphoid nor typhoid, resembling the latter.
ephemeral f. a febrile episode lasting no more than a day or two.
ephemeral f. of cattle an acute febrile disease of cattle in many African and Asian countries and Australia, caused by a rhabdovirus and characterized by stiffness and lameness.bovine ephemeral f;
epidemic hemorrhagic f. a condition characterized by acute onset of headache, chills and high f., sweating, thirst, photophobia, coryza, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting; this phase lasts from three to six days and is followed by capillary and renal interstitial hemorrhages, edema, oliguria, azotemia, and shock; most varieties are caused by arboviruses (togaviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses), and are rodent-borne.hemorrhagic f. with renal syndrome, Songo f;
epimastical f. a f. increasing steadily until its acme is reached, then declining by crisis or lysis.
equine biliary f. equine babesiosis
eruptive f. boutonneuse f
essential f. f. without known infectious disease.
exanthematous f. fever associated with an exanthem.
exsiccation f. thirst f
falciparum f. falciparum malaria
familial Mediterranean f. familial paroxysmal polyserositis
famine f. relapsing f
Far East hemorrhagic f. tick-borne infection with Rickettsia sibirica, seen primarily in Siberia and Mongolia.
fatigue f. an elevation of the body temperature, lasting sometimes several days, following excessive and long continued muscular exertion.
field f. a leptospirosis caused by leptospira.canefield f;
five-day f. trench f
flood f. tsutsugamushi disease
food f. a disorder seen primarily in childhood, consisting of a sudden rise of temperature accompanied by marked digestive disturbances, which lasts from a few days to several weeks; believed to be a form of food poisoning.
Fort Bragg f. pretibial f
foundryman's f. brass founder's f
Gambian f. an irregular relapsing f., lasting one to four days with intermissions of two to five days, marked by enlargement of the spleen, rapid pulse, and breathing; due to the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the pathogenic microorganism of Gambian or West African sleeping sickness.
glandular f. infectious mononucleosis
Haverhill f. an infection by Streptobacillus moniliformis marked by initial chills and high f. (gradually subsiding), by arthritis usually in the larger joints and spine, and by a rash occurring chiefly over the joints and on the extensor surfaces of the extremities; "Haverhill f." is used to indicate Streptobacillus moniliformis infections not associated with rat bite resulting from contaminated food or water.erythema arthriticum epidemicum; [Haverhill, MA, where an epidemic occurred in 1926]
hay f. a form of atopy characterized by an acute irritative inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory passages accompanied by itching and profuse watery secretion, followed occasionally by bronchitis and asthma; the episode recurs annually at the same or nearly the same time of the year, in spring, summer, or late summer and autumn, caused by an allergic reaction to the pollen of trees, grasses, weeds, flowers, etc.rhinitis nervosa;
hematuric bilious f. hematuria due to renal lesions caused by the malarial hematozoon, Plasmodium falciparum.
hemoglobinuric f. malarial hemoglobinuria
hemorrhagic f. a syndrome that occurs in perhaps 20-40% of infections by a number of different viruses of the families Arenaviridae (Lassa f.), Bunyaviridae (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f.), Flaviviridae (Omsk hemorrhagic f.), Filoviridae (Ebola f., Marburg virus disease), etc. Some types of hemorrhagic f. are tick-borne, others mosquito-borne, and some seem to be zoonoses; clinical manifestations are high f., scattered petechiae, gastrointestinal tract and other organ bleeding, hypotension, and shock; kidney damage may be severe, especially in Korean hemorrhagic f. and neurologic signs may appear, especially in the Argentinean-Bolivian types. Four types of hemorrhagic fever are transmissible person-to-person: Lassa f., Ebola f., Marburg virus disease, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. See also epidemic hemorrhagic f.Ebola hemorrhagic f;
hemorrhagic f. with renal syndrome epidemic hemorrhagic f
hepatic intermittent f. ague-like paroxysms of f. occurring in cases of one or more stones in the common bile duct.
herpetic f. a disease of short duration, apparently infectious, marked by chills, nausea, elevation of temperature, sore throat, and a herpetic eruption on the face and other areas; primary infection is with herpes simplex virus.
hospital f. epidemic typhus
icterohemorrhagic f. infection with the variety of Leptospira interrogans serotype known as icterohemorrhagiae, characterized by fever, jaundice, hemorrhagic lesions, azotemia, and central nervous system manifestations.leptospirosis icterohemorrhagica;
Ilhéus f. a febrile illness caused by the Ilhéus virus, an arborvirus (genus Flavivirus), and transmitted by a mosquito. See also Ilhéus encephalitis.
inanition f. thirst f
induced f. pyretotherapy
intermittent malarial f. See intermittent malaria.
inundation f. tsutsugamushi disease
island f. tsutsugamushi disease
jail f. typhus
Japanese river f. tsutsugamushi disease
jungle f. malaria
jungle yellow f. a form occurring in South America, transmitted by Aedes leucocelaenus and various treetop mosquitoes of the Haemagogus complex; transmitted normally to primates, occasionally by chance to man to set off a human outbreak of classical yellow fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti.
Katayama f. Katayama disease
kedani f. tsutsugamushi disease
Kenya f. boutonneuse f
Kew Gardens f. rickettsialpox [Kew Gardens, area in Queens, NYC, where first reported]
Kinkiang f. schistosomiasis japonica
Korean hemorrhagic f. a form of epidemic hemorrhagic f. caused by the Hantaan virus.Manchurian hemorrhagic f;
Lassa f. a severe form of epidemic hemorrhagic f. which is highly fatal. It was first recognized in Lassa, Nigeria, is caused by the Lassa virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family, and is characterized by high f., sore throat, severe muscle aches, skin rash with hemorrhages, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea; the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis serves as reservoir, but person-to-person transmission also is common.Lassa hemorrhagic f;
Lassa hemorrhagic f. Lassa f
laurel f. an affection of the same nature as hay f., occurring at the time of flowering of laurel.
malarial f. See malaria.
malignant catarrhal f. a highly fatal, sporadic disease of cattle caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (a member of the Herpesviridae family) and characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and exudation of the oral and upper respiratory mucous membranes, and sometimes eye lesions and nervous system disturbances.malignant catarrh of cattle;
malignant tertian f. falciparum malaria
Malta f. brucellosis
Manchurian f. a f. closely resembling typhus that prevails from September to December in South Manchuria; the probable pathogen is Rickettsia manchuriae.
Manchurian hemorrhagic f. Korean hemorrhagic f
Marseilles f. boutonneuse f
marsh f. malaria
Mediterranean f. 1. brucellosis 2. familial paroxysmal polyserositis
Mediterranean exanthematous f. an affection occurring sporadically in the Mediterranean littoral marked by a severe chill with abrupt rise of temperature, pains in the joints, tonsillitis, diarrhea, vomiting, and, on the third to fifth day, a rash of elevated nonconfluent macules beginning on the thighs and spreading to the entire body; lasts from ten days to two weeks and then disappears by rapid lysis without desquamation; probably caused by Rickettsia conorii, like Boutonneuse fever.
meningotyphoid f. typhoid f. marked by symptoms of irritation or inflammation of the cerebral or spinal meninges.
metal fume f. brass founder's f
Mexican spotted f. Rocky Mountain spotted f
mianeh f. Persian relapsing f
miliary f. 1. an infectious disease characterized by profuse sweating and the production of sudamina, occurring formerly in severe epidemics; 2. miliaria
milk f. 1. a slight elevation of temperature following childbirth, said to be due to the establishment of the secretion of milk, but probably the same as absorption f.; 2. an afebrile metabolic disease, occurring shortly after parturition in dairy cattle, characterized by hypocalcemia and manifested by loss of consciousness and general paralysis.parturient paralysis, parturient paresis;
mill f. byssinosis
miniature scarlet f. a reaction consisting of f., nausea, vomiting, and a transient scarlatiniform rash that appears in a susceptible person when injected with the toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes. [L. minio, pp. atus, to color with minium, red-lead]
monoleptic f. a continued f. having but one paroxysm. Cf. polyleptic f.
Mossman f. a f., noted especially among sugar cane cutters in the Mossman District of North Queensland, caused by a leptospira.
mud f. 1. a leptospirosis caused by the grippotyphosa serovar of Leptospira interrogans; 2. bluecomb disease of turkeys
mumu f. Samoan term for elephantoid f.
nanukayami f. a form of leptospirosis known in Japan and caused by a leptospira normally found in the field mouse or vole.nanukayami;
nine mile f. Q f
nodal f. erythema nodosum
North Queensland tick f. a mild form of tick-borne typhus with eschar, adenopathy, rash, and fever, caused by Rickettsia australis and thought to be transmitted by the tick, Ixodes holocyclus.
Omsk hemorrhagic f. a form of epidemic hemorrhagic fever found in central Russia, caused by the Omsk hemorrhagic f. virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and transmitted by Dermacentor ticks; associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and hemorrhages but little or no central nervous system involvement.
o'nyong-nyong f. a dengue-like disease caused by the o'nyong-nyong virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by a mosquito, characterized by joint pains and notable lymphadenopathy followed by a maculopapular eruption of the face which extends to the trunk and extremities but fades in several days without desquamation.
Oroya f. a generalized, acute, febrile, endemic, and systemic form of bartonellosis; marked by high fever, rheumatic pains, progressive, severe anemia, and albuminuria.Carrión's disease;
Pahvant Valley f. tularemia
paludal f. malaria
pappataci f. phlebotomus f
papular f. an affection characterized by mild f., rheumatoid pains, and a maculopapular eruption.
paratyphoid f. an acute infectious disease with symptoms and lesions resembling those of typhoid f., though milder in character; associated with the presence of the paratyphoid organism of which at least three varieties (types A, B, and C) have been described.paratyphoid, Schottmueller's disease;
parenteric f. one of a group of f.'s clinically resembling typhoid and paratyphoid A and B, but caused by bacteria differing specifically from those of either of these diseases.
parrot f. psittacosis
Pel-Ebstein f. the remittent fever common in Hodgkin's disease.Pel-Ebstein disease;
periodic f. an obsolete term introduced to describe the intermittent febrile episodes seen in disease later recognized and named familial Mediterranean f.
Persian relapsing f. a tick-borne relapsing f., occurring in the Middle East, caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani and possibly by Ornithodoros lahorensis.mianeh disease, mianeh f;
petechial f. purpura hemorrhagica (2)
pharyngoconjunctival f. a disease characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and conjunctivitis, and caused by adenoviruses, often type 3 but occasionally other types.
Philippine hemorrhagic f. severe arbovirus infection with hemorrhagic manifestations, considerable mortality, probably due to mosquito borne dengue virus; seen in tropical and subtropical urban areas of southeast Asia, South Pacific, Australia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands.
phlebotomus f. an infectious but not contagious disease occurring in the Balkan Peninsula and other parts of southern Europe, caused by an arbovirus (family Bunyaviridae) apparently introduced by the bite of the sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii; symptoms resemble those of dengue but are less severe and of shorter duration.dog disease, pappataci f., Pym's f., sandfly f., three-day f;
pinta f. a term used in Mexico for Rocky Mountain spotted f.
polka f. dengue
polyleptic f. a f. occurring in two or more paroxysms; e.g., smallpox, relapsing f., intermittent f. Cf. monoleptic f.
polymer fume f. an occupational disease marked by f., pain in the chest, and cough caused by the inhalation of fumes given off by a plastic, polytetrafluorethylene, when heated.
Potomac horse f. equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
pretibial f. a mild disease first observed among military personnel at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, characterized by f., moderate prostration, splenomegaly, and a rash on the anterior aspects of the legs; due to the autumnalis serovar of Leptospira interrogans.Fort Bragg f;
protein f. f. produced by the injection of foreign protein, such as milk.
puerperal f. postpartum sepsis with a rise in f. after the first 24 hours following delivery, but before the eleventh postpartum day.childbed f., puerperal sepsis;
Pym's f. phlebotomus f
pyogenic f. pyemia
Q f. a disease caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii, which is propagated in sheep and cattle, where it produces no symptoms; human infections occur as a result of contact not only with such animals but also with other infected humans, air and dust, wild reservoir hosts, and other sources.nine mile f; [Q, for "query," so named because etiologic agent was unknown]
quartan f. malariae malaria
quintan f. trench f
quotidian f. quotidian malaria
rabbit f. tularemia
rat-bite f. a single designation for two bacterial diseases associated with rat bites, one caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis (e.g., Haverhill f.), the other by Spirillum minus (e.g., sodoku); both diseases are characterized by relapsing f., chills, headache, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash on the extremities.rat-bite disease, sodoku, sokosho;
recrudescent typhus f. Brill-Zinsser disease
recurrent f. relapsing f
red f. , red f. of the Congo murine typhus
redwater f. 1. bovine babesiosis 2. a highly fatal disease of cattle and occasionally of sheep caused by infection with Clostridium haemolyticum.
relapsing f. an acute infectious disease caused by any one of a number of strains of Borrelia, marked by a number of febrile attacks lasting about six days and separated from each other by apyretic intervals of about the same length; the microorganism is found in the blood during the febrile periods but not during the intervals, the disappearance being associated with specific antibodies and previously evoked antibodies. There are two epidemiologic varieties: 1) the louse-borne variety, occurring chiefly in Europe, northern Africa, and India, and caused by strains of B. recurrentis; 2) the tick-borne variety, occurring in Africa, Asia, and North and South America, caused by various species of Borrelia, each of which is transmitted by a different species of the soft tick, Ornithodoros.bilious typhoid of Griesinger, famine f., recurrent f., spirillum f., typhinia;
remittent f. a f. pattern in which temperature varies during each 24 hour period, but never reaches normal. Most f.'s are remittent and the pattern is not characteristic of any disease, although in the 19th century it was considered a diagnostic term.
remittent malarial f. See remittent malaria.
rheumatic f. f. following infection of the throat with group A streptococci, occurring primarily in children and young adults, and inducing an immunopathy variably associated with acute migratory polyarthritis, Sydenham's chorea, subcutaneous nodules over bony prominences (myocarditis with formation of Aschoff bodies) which may cause acute cardiac failure, and endocarditis (frequently followed by scarring of valves, causing stenosis or incompetence); relapses are common if repeated streptococcal infections occur.
rice-field f. a febrile illness affecting workers in rice fields, reported in Po valley in Italy and in Sumatra, caused by infection with a species of Leptospira.
Rift Valley f. a fatal endemic disease of sheep, caused by Rift Valley f. virus, a member of the family Bunyaviridae, which is also pathogenic for man and cattle, producing in man f. of an undifferentiated type. [Rift Valley in Kenya]
Rocky Mountain spotted f. an acute infectious disease of high mortality, characterized by frontal and occipital headache, intense lumbar pain, malaise, a moderately high continuous f., and a rash on wrists, palms, ankles, and soles from the second to the fifth day, later spreading to all parts of the body; it occurs in the spring of the year primarily in the southeast U.S. and the Rocky Mountain region, although it is also endemic elsewhere in the U.S., in parts of Canada, in Mexico, and in South America; the pathogenic organism is Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by two or more tick species of the genus Dermacentor; in the U.S. it is spread by D. andersoni in the western states and D. variabilis (a dog tick) in the eastern states.black f., black measles (2), blue disease, blue f., Mexican spotted f., São Paulo f., tick f. (4), Tobia f;
Roman f. malignant tertian, falciparum, or aestivoautumnal f., formerly prevalent in the Roman Campagna and in the city of Rome; caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
Ross River f. epidemic polyarthritis
sakushu f. hasamiyami
Salinem f. infection with Leptospira pyrogenes, reported in Salinem.Salinem infection;
salt f. elevated temperature in an infant, following a rectal injection of a salt solution. See also thirst f.
sandfly f. phlebotomus f
San Joaquin f. primary coccidioidomycosis
San Joaquin Valley f. primary coccidioidomycosis
São Paulo f. Rocky Mountain spotted f
scarlet f. scarlatina
Sennetsu f. a disease of man in western Japan caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu and characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, backache, and lymphadenopathy.
septic f. septicemia
seven-day f. 1. autumn f. (1) 2. hasamiyami
shin bone f. trench f
ship f. typhus
shipping f. 1. in horses, synonymous with pinkeye or influenza; 2. in cattle, a common syndrome seen especially during or after shipping in cold weather or other stressful circumstances, manifested by acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract usually terminating in pneumonia; associated with parainfluenza virus type 3, although some of the infections are associated with Pasteurella.
shoddy f. febrile disease occurring in workers in shoddy factories, with cough, dyspnea and headache, caused by inhalation of dust.
simian hemorrhagic f. a highly fatal disease of macaque monkeys caused by the simian hemorrhagic f. virus and characterized by fever, facial edema, anorexia, adipsia, skin petechiae, diarrhea, hemorrhages, and death.
Sindbis f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa, Australia, and other countries, characterized by arthralgia, rash, and malaise; caused by the Sindbis virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by culicine mosquitoes.
slime f. leptospiral infection with jaundice, presumably infection by Leptospira icterohemorrhagica.
slow f. a continued f. of long duration.
smelter's f. metal fume f., occurring in workers in zinc smelters.smelter's chills, smelter's shakes;
snail f. schistosomiasis
solar f. 1. dengue 2. sunstroke
Songo f. epidemic hemorrhagic f
South African tick-bite f. a typhus-like f. of South Africa caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and usually characterized by primary eschar and regional adenitis, rigors, and maculopapular rash on the fifth day, often with severe central nervous system symptoms.
spirillum f. relapsing f
spotted f. tick typhus caused by Rickettsia rickettsii in North and South America and Siberia.
steroid f. f. presumably caused by elevated plasma concentrations of certain pyrogenic steroids; can be produced by administration of etiocholanolone.
swamp f. 1. equine infectious anemia 2. malaria
swine f. hog cholera
symptomatic f. traumatic f
syphilitic f. the elevation of temperature often present in the early roseolous stage of secondary syphilis.
tertian f. vivax malaria
Texas f. bovine babesiosis
therapeutic f. pyrotherapy
thermic f. heatstroke
thirst f. an elevation of temperature in infants after reduction of fluid intake, diarrhea, or vomiting; probably caused by reduced available body water, with reduced heat loss by evaporation; an analogous condition in adults is seen when exertion is continued in the face of dehydration.dehydration f., exsiccation f., inanition f;
three-day f. phlebotomus f
tick f. 1. any infectious disease of man or the lower animals caused by a protozoan blood parasite, a bacterium, a rickettsia, or a virus, and transmitted by a tick; 2. the tick-borne variety of relapsing f.; 3. bovine babesiosis 4. Rocky Mountain spotted f 5. Colorado tick f
tick-borne f. a rickettsial disease of ruminants transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus in Europe and Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides supina in India and characterized by pyrexia, depression, and anorexia.
Tobia f. Rocky Mountain spotted f
traumatic f. elevation of temperature following an injury.symptomatic f., wound f;
trench f. an uncommon rickettsial f. caused by Rochalimaea quintans and transmitted by the louse Pediculus humanus, first appearing as an epidemic during the trench warfare of World War I; characterized by the sudden onset of chills and f., myalgia (especially of the back and legs), headache, and general malaise that typically lasts five days but may recur.five-day f., quintan f., shin bone f;
trypanosome f. the febrile stage of sleeping sickness.
tsutsugamushi f. tsutsugamushi disease
typhoid f. an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi and characterized by a continued f. rising in a steplike curve the first week, severe physical and mental depression, an eruption of rose-colored spots on the chest and abdomen, tympanites, often diarrhea, and sometimes intestinal hemorrhage or perforation of the bowel; average duration is four weeks, although aborted forms and relapses are not uncommon; the lesions are located chiefly in the lymph follicles of the intestines (Peyer's patches), the mesenteric glands, and the spleen; antibody titer of the Widal test rises during the infection, and early positive blood and urine cultures become negative.abdominal typhoid, enteric f. (1), typhoid (2) ;
undifferentiated type f.'s a term applied to illnesses resulting from infection by any one of the arboviruses pathogenic for man, in which the only constant manifestation is f.; rash, lymphadenopathy, or arthralgia (alone or in combination) may occur in some individuals but not in others; some arboviruses may induce infections in which undifferentiated type f. is the only manifestation, whereas other arboviruses may induce in some persons only undifferentiated f., and in other persons similar f. followed by secondary manifestations, e.g., a hemorrhagic f. or encephalitis.
undulant f. brucellosis [referring to the wavy appearance of the long temperature curve]
undulating f. brucellosis
urethral f. urinary f
urinary f. an elevation of temperature, usually slight and transitory, following catheterization of the urethra, or the passage of blood clots, gravel, or a calculus.catheter f., urethral f;
urticarial f. schistosomiasis japonica
uveoparotid f. chronic enlargement of the parotid glands and inflammation of the uveal tract accompanied by a long-continued f. of low degree; now recognized as a form of sarcoidosis.Heerfordt's disease;
Uzbekistan hemorrhagic f. a viral f. in central Asia probably transmitted by Hyalomma anatolicum.
valley f. primary coccidioidomycosis
viral hemorrhagic f. an epidemic disease, and associated with fever, malaise, muscular pain, respiratory tract symptoms, vomiting, and diarrhea; epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, and subconjunctival hemorrhages occur in severe cases, and body rash and tremors occur in some instances; a disease caused by a number of different viruses in the families Arenoviridae, Bunyviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, etc. See also hemorrhagic f.
vivax f. vivax malaria
Wesselsbron f. a mosquito-borne disease of sheep and man caused by the Wesselsbron disease virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and characterized by abortion and lamb mortality in sheep and by fever, headache, muscular pains, and mild rash in humans.Wesselsbron disease; [Wesselsbron, town in South Africa where causative agent first isolated]
West African f. malarial hemoglobinuria
West Nile f. a febrile illness caused by West Nile virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and characterized by headache, fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia; spread by Culex mosquitoes from a reservoir in birds.
wound f. traumatic f
Yangtze Valley f. schistosomiasis japonica
yellow f. a tropical mosquito-borne viral hepatitis, due to yellow f. virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, with an urban form transmitted by Aedes aegypti, and a rural, jungle, or sylvatic form from tree-dwelling mammals by various mosquitoes of the Haemagogus species complex; characterized clinically by fever, slow pulse, albuminuria, jaundice, congestion of the face, and hemorrhages, especially hematemesis; immunity to reinfection accompanies recovery.
Zika f. an acute disease, probably transmitted by mosquitoes, clinically resembling dengue; caused by Zika virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae.
zinc fume f. brass founder's f

feverish feverish (fe´ver-ish)

1. febrile 2. Having a fever.

Fevold Fevold

Harry Leonard, U.S. biochemist, *1902. See test.

Fevold test Fevold test

See under test.

FF FF

Abbreviation for filtration fraction.

FFA FFA

Abbreviation for unesterified free fatty acid.

FFP FFP

Abbreviation for fresh frozen plasma.

F.F.R. F.F.R.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Faculty of Radiologists.

FGAR FGAR

Abbreviation for N-formylglycinamide ribotide.

FH4 FH₄

Abbreviation for tetrahydrofolic acid. See 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase.

FIA FIA

Abbreviation for feline infectious anemia.

fiber fiber (fI´ber)

A slender thread or filament. 1. Extracellular filamentous structures such as collagenic or elastic connective tissue f.'s. 2. The nerve cell axon with its glial envelope. 3. Elongated, hence threadlike, cells such as muscle cells and the epithelial cells composing the major part of the eye lens.fibra [NA], fibre; [L. fibra]
A f.'s myelinated nerve f.'s in somatic nerves, measuring 1 to 22 mum in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a rate of 6 to 120 m/sec.
accelerator f.'s postganglionic sympathetic nerve f.'s originating in the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, conveying nervous impulses to the heart that increase the rapidity and force of the cardiac pulsations.augmentor f.'s;
adrenergic f.'s nerve f.'s that transmit nervous impulses to other nerve cells (or smooth muscle or gland cells) by the medium of the adrenaline-like transmitter substance norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
afferent f.'s those that convey impulses to a ganglion or to a nerve center in the brain or spinal cord.
alpha f.'s large somatic motor or proprioceptive nerve f.'s conducting impulses at rates near 100 m/sec.
anastomosing f.'s , anastomotic f.'s individual f.'s passing from one nerve trunk or muscle bundle to another.
arcuate f.'s nervous or tendinous f.'s passing in the form of an arch from one part to another. See arcuate f.'s of cerebrum, external arcuate f.'s, internal arcuate f.'s.
arcuate f.'s of cerebrum short association fibers that connect adjacent gyri in the cerebral cortex.fibrae arcuatae cerebri [NA] ;
argyrophilic f.'s reticular connective tissue f.'s that react with silver salts and appear black microscopically.
association f.'s nerve f.'s interconnecting subdivisions of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere or different segments of the spinal cord on the same side.endogenous f.'s, intrinsic f.'s;
astral f.'s f.'s (fibrils) radiating from the centrosphere toward the periphery of the cell as seen with a light microscope; revealed as microtubules under the electron microscope. Cf. kinetochore f.'s, polar f.'s.
augmentor f.'s accelerator f.'s
B f.'s myelinated f.'s autonomic nerves, with a diameter of 2 mum or less, conducting at a rate of 3 to 15 m/sec.
Bergmann's f.'s filamentous glia f.'s traversing the cerebellar cortex perpendicular to the surface.
beta f.'s nerve f.'s having conduction velocities of about 40 m/sec.
C f.'s unmyelinated f.'s, 0.4 to 1.2 mum in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a velocity of 0.7 to 2.3 m/sec.
cerebellohypothalamic f.'s nerve f.'s originating from cells of the cerebellar nuclei and projecting, via the superior cerebellar peduncle, to the contralateral hypothalamus, mainly its dorsal, lateral, and posterior areas and dorsomedial nucleus.
cerebellospinal f.'s See fastigiospinal f.'s.
cholinergic f.'s nerve f.'s that transmit impulses to other nerve cells, muscle fibers, or gland cells by the medium of the transmitter substance acetylcholine.
chromatic f. chromonema
circular f.'s the circular f.'s of the ciliary muscle.fibrae circulares [NA], Müller's f.'s (1), Müller's muscle (2), Rouget's muscle;
climbing f.'s nerve f.'s in the cerebellar cortex that synapse upon smooth branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites.
collagen f. , collagenous f. an individual f. that varies in diameter from less than 1 mum to about 12 mum and is composed of fibrils; the f.'s, which are usually arranged in bundles, undergo some branching and are of indefinite length; chemically the f. is a glycoprotein, collagen, which yields gelatin upon boiling; they make up the principal element of irregular connective tissue, tendons, aponeuroses, and most ligaments, and occur in the matrix of cartilage and osseous tissue.white f. (2) ;
commissural f.'s nerve f.'s crossing the midline and connecting two corresponding parts or regions of the nervous system.
cone f. a part of the cone cell of the retina; the inner cone f. is a slender axon-like part of the cone extending from the cell body to the pedicle located in the outer plexiform layer of the retina; in the outer fovea, where the cones are much elongated, they narrow to an outer cone f. , located between the inner segment and the cell body.
corticobulbar f.'s nerve f.'s projecting from the motor and somatic sensory cortex to the rhombencephalon; included in this corticofugal f. system are corticoreticular f.'s terminating in the reticular formation of the rhombencephalon, and corticonuclear f.'s to the motor nuclei innervating the musculature of the face, tongue, and jaws, and to some f.'s of the rhombencephalic sensory relay nuclei. See also corticobulbar tract.
corticonuclear f.'s descriptive term connotating f.'s from a cortical structure (cerebral or cerebellar) passing to subcortical cell groups; f.'s comprising the tractus corticobulbaris; cerebellar corticonuclear f.'s (Purkinje cell axons to the cerebellar nuclei).fibrae corticonucleares [NA] ;
corticopontine f.'s the f.'s that compose the corticopontine tract.fibrae corticopontinae;
corticoreticular f.'s corticofugal f.'s distributed to the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. See also corticobulbar f.'s.fibrae corticoreticulares [NA] ;
corticorubral f.'s nerve f.'s projecting from the cerebral cortex (primarily precentral and premotor regions) to the red nucleus of the midbrain.
corticospinal f.'s pyramidal f.'s
corticothalamic f.'s a general term designating nerve f.'s originating from any area of the cerebral cortex and terminating in the nuclei of the thalamus.
dentatorubral f.'s nerve f.'s arising in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and projecting, via the superior cerebellar peduncle and its decussation, to the contralateral red nucleus of the midbrain.fibrae dentatorubrales;
dentatothalamic f.'s nerve f.'s projecting from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum to the contralateral thalamus via the superior cerebellar peduncle (and its decussation); enter the thalamus as one component of the thalamic fasciculus.
dentinal f.'s , dental f.'s 1. the processes of the pulpal cells, the odontoblasts, which extend in radial fashion through the dentin to the dentoenamel junction and are contained within the dentinal tubules;Tomes' f.'s; 2. the intertubular fine collagenous f.'s that with the dentinal ground substance infiltrated with calcium salts constitutes the dentinal matrix.
depressor f.'s sensory nerve f.'s having pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the wall of certain arteries capable of activating blood pressure-lowering brainstem mechanisms when stimulated by an increase in intra-arterial pressure.
dietary f. the plant polysaccharides and lignin that are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes in humans.
efferent f.'s those f.'s conveying impulses to effector tissues (muscle: smooth, cardiac or striated; or glands) in the periphery; those f.'s exiting a specific cell group (i.e., efferent fibers of the basilar pons), used in reference to a cell group.
elastic f.'s f.'s that are 0.2 to 2 mum in diameter but may be larger in some ligaments; they branch and anastomose to form networks and fuse to form fenestrated membranes; the f.'s and membranes consist of microfibrils about 10 nm wide and an amorphous substance containing elastin.yellow f.'s;
enamel f.'s prismata adamantina, under prisma
endogenous f.'s association f.'s
exogenous f.'s nerve f.'s by which a given region of the central nervous system is connected with other regions; the term applies to both afferent and efferent fiber connections.
external arcuate f.'s they include: 1) dorsal external arcuate f.'s that arise from cells in the accessory or lateral cuneate nucleus and pass to the cerebellum; 2) ventral external arcuate f.'s that arise from the arcuate nuclei at the base of the medulla oblongata and pass around the lateral surface of the medulla; both enter the cerebellum as components of the restiform portion of the inferior cerebellar peduncle.fibrae arcuatae externae [NA] ;
fastigiobulbar f.'s nerve f.'s projecting from the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum to the brain stem; crossed and uncrossed f.'s that terminate mainly in the vestibular and reticular nuclei, and in the medial accessory olivary nucleus.
fastigiospinal f.'s crossed descending f.'s originating in the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum and ending in the spinal cord gray matter at cervical, and possibly lower, levels.
gamma f.'s nerve f.'s that have a conduction rate of about 20 m/sec. See also gamma efferent.
Gerdy's f.'s superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
Gratiolet's f.'s optic radiation
gray f.'s unmyelinated f.'s
hypothalamocerebellar f.'s nerve f.'s originating from cells in the hypothalamus and projecting to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei.
inhibitory f.'s nerve f.'s that inhibit the activity of the nerve cells with which they have synaptic connections, or of the effector tissue (smooth muscle, heart muscle, glands) in which they terminate.
intercolumnar f.'s intercrural f.'s
intercrural f.'s horizontal arched fibers that pass from the inguinal ligament across the medial and lateral crura of the superficial inguinal ring.fibrae intercrurales [NA], intercolumnar fasciae, intercolumnar f.'s;
internal arcuate f.'s f.'s that arise in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, pass in a curving course across the midline of the medulla oblongata, and form the contralateral medial lemniscus; also designates other f.'s such as those of the olivocerebellar tract that arch through the substance of the medulla and form sensory decussation.fibrae arcuatae internae [NA] ;
intrafusal f.'s muscle f.'s present within a neuromuscular spindle.
intrinsic f.'s association f.'s
James f.'s atrio-His bundle connections thought to be the basis for the short P-R interval syndrome; these f.'s should be distinguished from the internodal tracts of the atrium, sometimes referred to as "James tracts."James tracts;
kinetochore f.'s f.'s of the mitotic spindle attached to the centromere and extending toward the poles. Cf. astral f.'s, polar f.'s.
Korff's f.'s argyrophilic f.'s that pass between odontoblasts at the periphery of the dental pulp and fan out into the dentin.
Kühne's f. artificial muscle f. made by filling the intestine of an insect with a growth of myxomycetes; used to demonstrate the contractility of protoplasm.
f.'s of lens the elongated cells of ectodermal origin forming the substance of the crystalline lens of the eye.fibrae lentis [NA] ;
Mahaim f.'s paraspecific f.'s originating from the A-V node, the His bundle, or the bundle branches and inserting into the ventricular myocardium; they are potential pathways for reentrant dysrhythmias.nodoventricular f.'s;
medullated nerve f. myelinated nerve f
meridional f.'s the longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle.fibrae meridionales [NA] ;
mossy f.'s highly branched nerve f.'s in the cerebellar cortex that terminate in rosette formations and synapse upon granule cell dendrites.
motor f.'s nerve f.'s that transmit impulses that activate effector cells, e.g., in muscle or gland tissue.
Müller's f.'s 1. circular f.'s 2. sustentacular neuroglial cells of the retina, running through the thickness of the retina from the internal limiting membrane to the bases of the rods and cones where they form a row of junctional complexes.Müller's radial cells, sustentacular f.'s of retina;
myelinated nerve f. an axon enveloped by a myelin sheath formed by oligodendroglia cells (in brain and spinal cord) or Schwann cells (in peripheral nerves).medullated nerve f;
Nélaton's f.'s Nélaton's sphincter
nerve f. the axon of a nerve cell, ensheathed by oligodendroglia cells in brain and spinal cord, and by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.
nodoventricular f.'s Mahaim f.'s
nonmedullated f.'s unmyelinated f.'s
nuclear bag f. the largest type of intrafusal muscle f.'s in a neuromuscular spindle, containing a central aggregation of nuclei (nuclear bag).
nuclear chain f. the shortest and most numerous type of intrafusal muscle f.'s in a neuromuscular spindle, containing a single row of centrally positioned nuclei.
nucleocortical f.'s general term for projections from a nucleus to an overlying cortical structure; specifically used to designate axons of cerebellar nuclear cells that project to the cerebellar cortex (cerebellar nucleocortical f.'s) where they end as mossy f.'s.
oblique f.'s of stomach the smooth muscle fibers of the innermost layer of the muscular coat of the stomach; the fibers occur chiefly at the cardiac end of the stomach and spread over the anterior and posterior surfaces.fibrae obliquae gastrici [NA] ;
olivocochlear f.'s olivocochlear bundle
osteocollagenous f.'s fine collagenous f.'s in the matrix of osseous tissue.
osteogenetic f.'s the f.'s in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.
pectinate f.'s pectinate muscles, under muscle
perforating f.'s bundles of collagenous f.'s that pass into the outer circumferential lamellae of bone or the cementum of teeth.Sharpey's f.'s;
periodontal ligament f.'s the collagen f.'s, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest f.'s, indicating that the orientation of the f.'s varies at different levels.
periventricular f.'s a heterogeneous system of thin nerve f.'s in the periventricular gray matter of the hypothalamus; the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is a caudal continuation of the system.fibrae periventriculares [NA] ;
pilomotor f.'s nerve f.'s that innervate the erector muscles of hair follicles responsible for piloerection.
polar f.'s >those f.'s of the mitotic spindle extending from the two poles of the spindle toward the equator. Cf. astral f.'s, kinetochore f.'s.
postganglionic f.'s a f. whose cell body is located in an autonomic (motor) ganglion and whose peripheral process will terminate on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glandular epithelium; associated with sympathetic or parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.
precollagenous f.'s immature, argyrophilic f.'s.
preganglionic f.'s a f. whose cell body is located in an autonomic nucleus in the spinal cord or brain stem and whose axon terminates in an autonomic (motor) ganglion; found in nerves conveying sympathetic or parasympathetic f.'s.
pressor f.'s sensory nerve f.'s whose stimulation causes vasoconstriction and rise of blood pressure.
projection f.'s nerve f.'s connecting the cerebral cortex with other centers in the brain or spinal cord; fibers arising from cells in the central nervous system that pass to distant loci.
Prussak's f.'s elastic and connective tissue f.'s bounding the pars flaccida membranae tympani.
Purkinje's f.'s interlacing f.'s formed of modified cardiac muscle cells with central granulated protoplasm containing one or two nuclei and a transversely striated peripheral portion; they are the terminal ramifications of the conducting system of the heart found beneath the endocardium of the ventricles. See also conducting system of heart.
pyramidal f.'s the f.'s that compose the pyramidal tract (corticospinalis).fibrae corticospinales [NA], corticospinal f.'s, fibrae pyramidales;
raphespinal f.'s nerve f.'s originating from cells of the nuclei raphe magnus, pallidus, and obscurus of the pons and medulla and terminating in the spinal cord gray matter; f.'s involved in the descending inhibition of nociceptive input in the dorsal (posterior) horn; they contain serotonin.
red f.'s red striated muscle f.'s that are rich in sarcoplasm, myoglobin, and mitochondria; they are smaller in diameter and contract more slowly than white f.'s.
Reissner's f. a rodlike, highly refractive f. running caudally from the subcommissural organ throughout the length of the central canal of the brainstem and spinal cord.
Remak's f.'s unmyelinated f.'s
reticular f.'s the collagen (type III) f.'s forming the distinctive loose connective tissue stroma of embryonic tissues, mesenchyme, red pulp of the spleen, cortex and medulla of lymph nodes, and the hematopoietic compartments of bone marrow and comprising a substantial portion of the collagen f.'s of the skin, blood vessels, synovial membrane, uterine tissue, and granulation tissue; characterized by its organization as a reticular meshwork of fine filaments and an affinity for silver and for periodic acid-Schiff stains.
Retzius' f.'s stiff f.'s in Deiters' cells.
rod f. a part of the rod cell of the retina that extends to either side of the cell body; the inner rod f. terminates in the spherule, a synaptic ending located in the outer plexiform layer.
Rosenthal f. an oval or elongated eosinophilic mass believed to represent a modified process of an astrocyte; seen in large numbers in certain slowly growing astrocytomas and areas of chronic reactive gliosis.
Sappey's f.'s nonstriated muscular f.'s in the check ligaments of the eyeball.
Sharpey's f.'s perforating f.'s
skeletal muscle f.'s multinucleated contractile cells varying from less than 10 to 100 mum in diameter and from less than 1 mm to several centimeters in length; the f. consists of sarcoplasm and cross-striated myofibrils, which in turn consist of myofilaments; human skeletal muscles are a mixture of red, white, and intermediate type f.'s.
spindle f. See mitotic spindle.
spinoreticular f.'s nerve f.'s originating from the spinal cord and terminating in the reticular formation of the brainstem.spinoreticular tract;
stress f.'s long bundles of microfilaments made up of actin; believed to be involved in the attachment of cultured cells to a substratum and also in the determination of the shape of cells such as fibroblasts; may be involved in cellular mobility.
striatonigral f.'s strionigral f.'s
strionigral f.'s nerve f.'s originating from cells of the caudate and putamen and terminating mainly in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra; they utilize GABA and substance P.striatonigral f.'s;
sudomotor f.'s postganglionic and cholinergic sympathetic nerve f.'s that innervate the sweat glands.
sustentacular f.'s of retina Müller's f.'s (2)
T f. a f. that branches at right angles to the right and left; term used to describe the branching patterns of granular cell axons in the molecular layer of the cerebellum.
tautomeric f.´s nerve f.'s of the spinal cord that do not extend beyond the limits of the spinal cord segment in which they originate.
thalamocortical f.'s a general term identifying nerve f.'s arising from nuclei of the thalamus and projecting to, and terminating in, the cerebral cortex.
Tomes' f.'s dentinal f.'s (1)
transseptal f.'s nonelastic f.'s running from tooth to tooth over the crest of the alveolus.
transverse pontine f.'s f.'s arising from the pontine nuclei, decussate and pass into the cerebellum as the middle cerebellar peduncles.fibrae pontis transversae [NA] ;
unmyelinated f.'s a f. having no myelin covering (CNS); a naked axon; in the PNS represented by all axons lying in troughs in a single Schwann cell (Schwann cell unit); a slow conducting f.gray f.'s, nonmedullated f.'s, Remak's f.'s;
vasomotor f.'s postganglionic visceral efferent f.'s innervating the smooth muscles of vessel walls.
Weitbrecht's f.'s retinaculum of articular capsule of hip
white f. 1. white mammalian muscle f.'s; larger in diameter than red f.'s they have less myoglobin, sarcoplasm, and mitochondria, and contract more quickly; 2. collagen f
yellow f.'s elastic f.'s
zonular f.'s delicate fibers that pass from the equator of the lens to the ciliary body, collectively known as the ciliary zonule.fibrae zonulares [NA] ;

fiberoptic fiberoptic (fI-ber-op´tik)

Pertaining to fiberoptics.

fiberoptics fiberoptics (fI-ber-op´tiks)

An optical system in which the image is conveyed by a compact bundle of small diameter, flexible, glass or plastic fibers.

fiberscope fiberscope (fI´ber-skop)

An optical instrument that transmits light and carries images back to the observer through a flexible bundle of small (about 10 micron) glass or plastic fibers. It is used to inspect of interior portions of the body. See also fiberoptics.

fibr- fibr-

See fibro-.

fibra fibra, pl. fibrae (fI´bra, fI´bre) [NA]

fiber, fiber [L.]
fi´brae arcua´tae cer´ebri [NA] arcuate fibers of cerebrum, under fiber
fi´brae arcua´tae exter´nae [NA] external arcuate fibers, under fiber
fi´brae arcua´tae inter´nae [NA] internal arcuate fibers, under fiber
fi´brae circula´res [NA] circular fibers, under fiber
fi´brae corticonuclea´res [NA] corticonuclear fibers, under fiber
fi´brae corticopon´tinae corticopontine fibers, under fiber
fi´brae corticoreticula´res [NA] corticoreticular fibers, under fiber
fi´brae corticospina´les [NA] pyramidal fibers, under fiber
fi´brae dentatorubra´les [na] dentatorubral fibers, under fiber See dentatorubral fibers, under fiber.
fi´brae intercrura´les [NA] intercrural fibers, under fiber
fi´brae len´tis [NA] fibers of lens, under fiber
fi´brae meridiona´les [NA] meridional fibers, under fiber
fi´brae obli´quae gastri´ci [NA] oblique fibers of stomach, under fiber
fi´brae periventricula´res [NA] periventricular fibers, under fiber
fi´brae pon´tis transver´sae [NA] transverse pontine fibers, under fiber
fi´brae pyramida´les pyramidal fibers, under fiber
fi´brae zonula´res [NA] zonular fibers, under fiber

fibre fibre (fI´ber)

fiber

fibremia fibremia (fI-bre´me-a)

Presence of formed fibrin in the blood, causing thrombosis or embolism.inosemia (2) ; [fibrin + G. haima, blood]

fibril fibril (fI´bril)

A minute fiber or component of a fiber.fibrilla; [Mod. L. fibrilla]
collagen f.'s unit f.'s
muscular f. myofibril
subpellicular f. subpellicular microtubule
unit f.'s the f.'s that comprise a collagen fiber, ranging from 20 to 200 nm and averaging about 100 nm in diameter (substantially larger in tendons), with cross-striations averaging 64 nm.collagen f.'s;

fibrilla fibrilla, pl. fibrillae (fI-bril´a, -e)

fibril [Mod. L. dim. of L. fibra, a fiber]

fibrillar fibrillar , fibrillary (fI´bri-lar, -lar-e)

1. Relating to a fibril. 2. Denoting the fine rapid contractions or twitchings of fibers or of small groups of fibers in skeletal or cardiac muscle.filar (1) ;

fibrillate fibrillate (fI´bri-lat)

1. To make or to become fibrillar. 2. fibrillated 3. To be in a state of fibrillation (3).

fibrillated fibrillated (fI´bri-la-ted)

Composed of fibrils.fibrillate (2) ;

fibrillation fibrillation (fI-bri-la´shun, fib-rI-)

1. The condition of being fibrillated. 2. The formation of fibrils. 3. Exceedingly rapid contractions or twitching of muscular fibrils, but not of the muscle as a whole. 4. Vermicular twitching, usually slow, of individual muscular fibers; commonly occurs in atria or ventricles of the heart as well as in recently denervated skeletal muscle fibers.
atrial f. , auricular f. f. in which the normal rhythmical contractions of the cardiac atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitchings of the muscular wall; the ventricles respond irregularly to the dysrhythmic bombardment from the atria.ataxia cordis;
ventricular f. coarse or fine, rapid, fibrillary movements of the ventricular muscle that replace the normal contraction.

fibrillin fibrillin (fI´bril-in)

A protein in connective tissue with a wide distribution in the body; molecular weight about 350,000. There is good evidence that at least some forms of the Marfan syndrome are due to mutations of f. [MIM*134794]. [Mod. L. fibrilla, fibril, + -in]

fibrilloflutter fibrilloflutter (fib´ril-o-flut´er)

impure flutter

fibrillogenesis fibrillogenesis (fI´bril-o-jen´e-sis)

The development of fine fibrils (as seen with the electron microscope) normally present in collagenous fibers of connective tissue.

fibrin fibrin (fI´brin)

An elastic filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin, which releases fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen in coagulation of the blood; a component of thrombi, vegetations, and acute inflammatory exudates such as in diphtheria and lobar pneumonia. [L. fibra, fiber]

fibrinase fibrinase (fI´brin-as)

1. Former term for factor XIII. 2. plasmin

fibrino- fibrino-

Fibrin. [L. fibra, fiber]

fibrinocellular fibrinocellular (fI´bri-no-sel´yu-lar)

Composed of fibrin and cells, as in certain types of exudates resulting from acute inflammation.

fibrinogen fibrinogen (fI-brin´o-jen)

A globulin of the blood plasma that is converted into fibrin by the action of thrombin in the presence of ionized calcium to produce coagulation of the blood; the only coagulable protein in the blood plasma of vertebrates; it is absent in afibrinogenemia and is defective in dysfibrinogenemia.
human f. f. prepared from normal human plasma; a coagulant (clotting factor), used as an adjunct in the management of acute, congenital, or acquired chronic hypofibrinogenemia.

fibrinogenase fibrinogenase (fI-brin´o-je-nas)

thrombin

fibrinogenemia fibrinogenemia (fI-brin´o-je-ne´me-a)

hyperfibrinogenemia

fibrinogenesis fibrinogenesis (fI´bri-no-jen´e-sis)

Formation or production of fibrin.

fibrinogenic fibrinogenic , fibrinogenous (fI´brin-o-jen´ik, fI´bri-noj´e-nus)

1. Pertaining to fibrinogen. 2. Producing fibrin.

fibrinogenolysis fibrinogenolysis (fI-brin´o-jen-ol´i-sis)

The inactivation or dissolution of fibrinogen in the blood. [fibrinogen + G. lysis, dissolution]

fibrinogenopenia fibrinogenopenia (fI-brin´o-jen-o-pe´ne-a)

A concentration of fibrinogen in the blood that is less than the normal. [fibrinogen + G. penia, poverty]

fibrinoid fibrinoid (fI´bri-noyd)

1. Resembling fibrin. 2. A deeply or brilliantly acidophilic, homogeneous, refractile, proteinaceous material that: 1) is frequently formed in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue of patients with such diseases as disseminated lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, and rheumatic fever; 2) is sometimes observed in healing wounds, chronic peptic ulcers, the placenta, necrotic arterioles of malignant hypertension, and other unrelated conditions. [fibrin + G. eidos, resemblance]

fibrinokinase fibrinokinase (fI´brin-o-kI´nas)

Name proposed for the enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin; subsequently called urokinase, but now called plasminogen activator.fibrinolysokinase;

fibrinolysin fibrinolysin (fI-brin-o-lI´sin)

plasmin
streptococcal f. streptokinase

fibrinolysis fibrinolysis (fI-bri-nol´i-sis)

Hydrolysis of fibrin. [fibrino- + G. lysis, dissolution]

fibrinolysokinase fibrinolysokinase (fI´brin-o-lI-so-kI´nas)

fibrinokinase

fibrinolytic fibrinolytic (fI-brin-o-lit´ik)

Denoting, characterized by, or causing fibrinolysis.

fibrinopeptide fibrinopeptide (fI´brin-o-pep´tId)

One of two pairs of peptides (A and B) released from the amino-terminal ends of 2a- and 2beta-chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin; they have a vasoconstrictive effect.

fibrinopurulent fibrinopurulent (fI´bri-no-pyu´ru-lent)

Pertaining to pus or suppurative exudate that contains a relatively large amount of fibrin.

fibrinoscopy fibrinoscopy (fI-bri-nos´ko-pe)

The chemical and physical examination of the fibrin of exudates, blood clots, etc. [fibrino- + G. skopeo, to view]

fibrinous fibrinous (fI´brin-us)

Pertaining to or composed of fibrin.

fibrinuria fibrinuria (fI-bri-nu´re-a)

The passage of urine that contains fibrin. [fibrin + G. ouron, urine]

fibro- fibro- , fibr-

Fiber. [L. fibra]

fibroadenoma fibroadenoma (fI´bro-ad-e-no´ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a conspicuous stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue elements; commonly occurs in breast tissue.fibroid adenoma, adenoma fibrosum;
giant f. a massive benign f. seen mostly in adolescent girls.
intracanalicular f. a f. of the breast consisting of nodules of fibrous tissue which invaginate and compress the ducts.
pericanalicular f. a f. of the breast consisting of an increased number of small ducts surrounded by concentric bands of fibrous tissue.

fibroadipose fibroadipose (fI-bro-ad´i-poz)

Relating to or containing both fibrous and fatty structures.fibrofatty;

fibroareolar fibroareolar (fI´bro-a-re´o-lar)

Denoting connective tissue that is both fibrous and areolar in character.

fibroblast fibroblast (fI´bro-blast)

A stellate or spindle-shaped cell with cytoplasmic processes present in connective tissue, capable of forming collagen fibers; an inactive f. is sometimes called a fibrocyte.

fibroblastic fibroblastic (fI-bro-blas´tik)

Relating to fibroblasts.

fibrocarcinoma fibrocarcinoma (fI´bro-kar-si-no´ma)

scirrhous carcinoma

fibrocartilage fibrocartilage (fI-bro-kar´ti-lij)

A variety of cartilage that contains visible type I collagen fibers; appears as a transition between tendons or ligaments or bones.fibrocartilago;
basilar f. basilar cartilage
circumferential f. a ring of f. around the articular end of a bone, serving to deepen the joint cavity. See also acetabular labrum, glenoid labrum.
external semilunar f. lateral meniscus
interarticular f. articular disc
internal semilunar f. of knee joint medial meniscus
semilunar f. See lateral meniscus, medial meniscus.
stratiform f. a layer of f. in the bottom of a groove in a bone through which a tendon runs.

fibrocartilaginous fibrocartilaginous (fI´bro-kar-ti-laj´i-nus)

Relating to or composed of fibrocartilage.

fibrocartilago fibrocartilago (fI´bro-kar-ti-la´go)

fibrocartilage
f. basa´lis basilar cartilage
f. interarticula´ris articular disc
f. intervertebra´lis intervertebral disc

fibrocellular fibrocellular (fI-bro-sel´yu-lar)

Both fibrous and cellular.

fibrochondritis fibrochondritis (fI´bro-kon-drI´tis)

Inflammation of a fibrocartilage.

fibrochondroma fibrochondroma (fI´bro-kon-dro´ma)

A benign neoplasm of cartilaginous tissue, in which there is a relatively unusual amount of fibrous stroma.

fibrocongestive fibrocongestive (fI´bro-kon-jes´tiv)

Term sometimes used to indicate the general condition of an organ or tissue in which acute or chronic, persistent congestion has resulted in degeneration and necrosis of cells and replacement with connective tissue elements, as in chronic congestive splenomegaly.

fibrocyst fibrocyst (fI´bro-sist)

Any cystic lesion circumscribed by or situated within a conspicuous amount of fibrous connective tissue.

fibrocystic fibrocystic (fI-bro-sis´tik)

Pertaining to or characterized by the presence of fibrocysts.

fibrocystoma fibrocystoma (fI´bro-sis-to´ma)

A benign neoplasm, usually derived from glandular epithelium, characterized by cysts within a conspicuous fibrous stroma.

fibrocyte fibrocyte (fI´bro-sIt)

Designation sometimes applied to an inactive fibroblast. [fibro- + G. kytos, cell]

fibrodysplasia fibrodysplasia (fI´bro-dis-pla´ze-a)

Abnormal development of fibrous connective tissue.
f. ossif´icans progres´siva [MIM*135100] a generalized disorder of connective tissue in which bone replaces tendons, fasciae, and ligaments; a lethal genetic disorder inferred from indirect evidence to have autosomal dominant inheritance. See also fibrous dysplasia of bone.

fibroelastic fibroelastic (fI´bro-e-las´tik)

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers.

fibroelastosis fibroelastosis (fI´bro-e-las-to´sis)

Excessive proliferation of collagenous and elastic fibrous tissue.
endocardial f. , endomyocardial f. 1. a congenital condition characterized by thickening of the left ventricular wall endocardium (chiefly due to fibrous and elastic tissue), thickening and malformation of the cardiac valves, subendocardial changes in the myocardium, and hypertrophy of the heart; chief symptoms are cyanosis, dyspnea, anorexia, and irritability;endocardial sclerosis (1) ; 2. endomyocardial fibrosis

fibroenchondroma fibroenchondroma (fI´bro-en-kon-dro´ma)

An enchondroma in which the neoplastic cartilage cells are situated within an abundant fibrous stroma.

fibroepithelioma fibroepithelioma (fI´bro-ep-i-the-le-o´ma)

A skin tumor composed of fibrous tissue intersected by thin anastomosing bands of basal cells of the epidermis; may give rise to basal cell carcinoma of the nodular type.Pinkus tumor;

fibrofatty fibrofatty (fI-bro-fat´e)

fibroadipose

fibrofolliculoma fibrofolliculoma (fI´bro-fo-lik-yu-lo´ma)

Neoplastic proliferation of the fibrous sheath of the hair follicle, with solid extensions of the epithelium of the follicular infundibulum; multiple f.'s may be familial.

fibrogenesis fibrogenesis (fI-bro-jen´e-sis)

The production or development of fibers.

fibrogliosis fibrogliosis (fI´bro-glI-o´sis)

A cellular reaction within the brain, usually in response to a penetrating injury, in which both astrocytes and fibroblasts participate and which culminates in a fibrous and glial scar. [fibro- + G. glia, glue, + -osis, condition]

fibroid fibroid (fI´broyd)

1. Resembling or composed of fibers or fibrous tissue. 2. Old term for certain types of leiomyoma, especially those occurring in the uterus. 3. fibroleiomyoma [fibro- + G. eidos, resemblance]

fibroidectomy fibroidectomy (fI-broy-dek´to-me)

Removal of a fibroid tumor.fibromectomy; [fibroid + G. ektome, excision]

fibroin fibroin (fI´bro-in)

A white insoluble protein forming the primary constituent (70%) of cobweb and silk.

fibrokeratoma fibrokeratoma (fI´bro-ker-a-to´ma)

A keratotic cutaneous polyp containing abundant connective tissue.

fibroleiomyoma fibroleiomyoma (fI´bro-lI´o-mI-o´ma)

A leiomyoma containing non-neoplastic collagenous fibrous tissue, which may make the tumor hard; f. usually arises in the myometrium, and the proportion of fibrous tissue increases with age.fibroid (3), leiomyofibroma;

fibrolipoma fibrolipoma (fI´bro-li-po´ma)

A lipoma with an abundant stroma of fibrous tissue.lipoma fibrosum;

fibroma fibroma (fI-bro´ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue. [fibro- + G. -oma, tumor]
ameloblastic f. a benign mixed odontogenic tumor characterized by neoplastic proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal components of the tooth bud without the production of dental hard tissue; presents clinically as a slow-growing painless radiolucency occurring most commonly in the mandible of children and adolescents.
aponeurotic f. a calcifying recurrent non-metastasizing but infiltrating f. seen most frequently on the palms of young people as a small firm nodule not attached to the overlying skin.
central cementifying f. a microscopic variant of a central ossifying f.
central ossifying f. a painless, slow-growing, expansile, sharply circumscribed benign fibro-osseus tumor of the jaws that is derived from cells of the periodontal ligament; presents initially as a radiolucency that becomes progressively more opaque as it matures. See also central cementifying f.
chondromyxoid f. an uncommon benign bone tumor, occurring most frequently in the tibia of adolescents and young adults, composed of lobulated myxoid tissue with scanty chondroid foci.chondrofibroma, chondromyxoma;
concentric f. a benign neoplasm, actually a leiomyoma, that occupies the entire circumference of the wall of the uterus.
desmoplastic f. a benign fibrous tumor of bone affecting children and young adults; cortical destruction may result.
giant cell f. a tumor of the oral mucosa composed of fibrous connective tissue with large stellate and multinucleate fibroblasts; shares a similar histology with the retrocuspid papilla, fibrous papule of the nose, pearly penile papule, and the ungual fibroma.
irritation f. a slow-growing nodule on the oral mucosa, composed of fibrous tissue covered by epithelium, resulting from mechanical irritation by dentures, fillings, cheek biting, etc.
f. mol´le skin tag
f. mol´le gravida´rum skin tags or polyps that develop on women during pregnancy and often disappear at term.
f. myxomato´des myxofibroma
nonossifying f. a loculated osteolytic focus of cellular fibrous tissue, slightly expanding a bone, usually near the end of a long bone in older children; similar to fibrous cortical defect, although larger.
nonosteogenic f. fibrous cortical defect
odontogenic f. a rare odontogenic tumor found in soft tissue or as a central bony lesion. The tumor is composed of fibrous connective tissue, odontogenic epithelium, and sometimes calcification.
peripheral ossifying f. a reactive focal gingival overgrowth derived histogenetically from cells of the periodontal ligament and usually developing in response to local irritants (plaque and calculus) on associated teeth; consists microscopically of a hyperplastic cellular fibrous stroma supporting deposits of bone, cementum, or dystrophic calcification.
periungual f. multiple smooth firm nodules formed at the nail folds, often over 10 mm in length, which appear at or after puberty in some patients with tuberous sclerosis.Koenen's tumor;
rabbit f. Shope f
recurring digital f.'s of childhood multiple fibrous flesh-colored nodules on the extensor aspect of the terminal phalanges of adjacent digits of infants and young children which often recur after attempted excision, do not metastasize, and may spontaneously regress in two to three years; composed of spindle cells containing cytoplasmic inclusions believed to be derived from myofibrils.infantile digital fibromatosis;
senile f. skin tag
Shope f. a connective tissue tumor of cottontail rabbits caused by a poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus and found by Shope to be transmissible with cellular suspensions or Berkefeld filtrates; it is related to myxomatosis and is used in Europe as a source of vaccine to protect against the myxoma virus.rabbit f;
telangiectatic f. a benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous, small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels.angiofibroma;

fibromatoid fibromatoid (fI-bro´ma-toyd)

A focus, nodule, or mass (of proliferating fibroblasts) that resembles a fibroma but is not regarded as neoplastic.

fibromatosis fibromatosis (fI´bro-ma-to´sis)

1. A condition characterized by the occurrence of multiple fibromas, with a relatively large distribution. 2. Abnormal hyperplasia of fibrous tissue.
abdominal f. desmoid (2)
aggressive infantile f. a childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body that invade locally and recur but do not metastasize.
f. col´li a fibrous mass in the midportion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; the mass may be a hematoma resulting from a birth injury and may cause torticollis.
congenital generalized f. [MIM*228550] multiple subcutaneous and visceral fibrous tumors present at birth; a rare disorder often fatal in the first week of life, although sometimes undergoing spontaneous remission; probable autosomal recessive inheritance.
gingival f. f. that may be associated with trichodiscomas. Several genetic forms are known, all autosomal dominant [MIM*135300, *135400, *135500, *135550].
infantile digital f. recurring digital fibromas of childhood, under fibroma
juvenile hyalin f. [MIM*228600] a rare recessively inherited deforming disorder of head, neck, and generalized cutaneous nodules or tumors in children with normal mentality; the lesions consist of fibroblasts separated by an eosinophilic hyalin stroma composed mostly of glycosaminoglycans.systemic hyalinosis;
juvenile palmo-plantar f. f. that occurs in children from birth to adolescence as a single poorly demarcated nodule of the thenar or hypothenar eminence or overlying the calcaneus of the mid-sole.
palmar f. nodular fibroplastic proliferation in the palmar fascia of one or both hands, preceding or associated with Dupuytren's contracture.
penile f. Peyronie's disease
plantar f. nodular fibroblastic proliferation in plantar fascia of one or both feet; rarely associated with contracture.Dupuytren's disease of the foot;

fibromatous fibromatous (fI-bro´ma-tus)

Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a fibroma.

fibromectomy fibromectomy (fI-bro-mek´to-me)

fibroidectomy

fibrometer fibrometer (fi´bro-me´ter)

An instrument that measures clot formation (as in tests for blood clotting in vitro) by mechanical detection of the clot by a moving probe.

fibromuscular fibromuscular (fI´bro-mus´kyu-lar)

Both fibrous and muscular; relating to both fibrous and muscular tissues.

fibromyectomy fibromyectomy (fI´bro-mI-ek´to-me)

Excision of a fibromyoma.

fibromyoma fibromyoma (fI´bro-mI-o´ma)

A leiomyoma that contains a relatively abundant amount of fibrous tissue.

fibromyositis fibromyositis (fI´bro-mI-o-sI´tis)

Chronic inflammation of a muscle with an overgrowth, or hyperplasia, of the connective tissue. [fibro- + G. mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation]

fibromyxoma fibromyxoma (fI´bro-mik-so´ma)

A myxoma that contains a relatively abundant amount of mature fibroblasts and connective tissue. [fibro- + G. myxa, mucus, + -oma, tumor]

fibronectins fibronectins (fI-bro-nek´tins)

High molecular weight multifunctional glycoproteins found on cell surface membranes and in blood plasma and other body fluids. f. are thought to function as adhesive ligand-like molecules. This class of proteins is under investigation for possible roles in other processes, including transformation to malignancy; a deficiency of fibronectin is associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type X. Autosomal dominant anomalies of fibronectin are numerous [MIM* 135600-135631].zetaprotein; [L. fibra, fiber, + nexus, interconnection]
plasma f. a circulating a₂-glycoprotein that functions as an opsonin, mediating reticuloendothelial and macrophage clearance of fibrin microaggregates, collagen debris, and bacterial particulates, protecting microvascular perfusion and lymphatic drainage.

fibroneuroma fibroneuroma (fI´bro-nu-ro´ma)

neurofibroma

fibro-osteoma fibro-osteoma (fI´bro-os-te-o´ma)

An osteoma in which the neoplastic bone-forming cells are situated within a relatively abundant stroma of fibrous tissue.

fibropapilloma fibropapilloma (fI´bro-pap-i-lo´ma)

A papilloma characterized by a conspicuous amount of fibrous connective tissue at the base and forming the cores upon which the neoplastic epithelial cells are massed.

fibroplasia fibroplasia (fI-bro-pla´ze-a)

Production of fibrous tissue, usually implying an abnormal increase of non-neoplastic fibrous tissue. [fibro- + G. plasis, a molding]
retrolental f. retinopathy of prematurity

fibroplastic fibroplastic (fI-bro-plas´tik)

Producing fibrous tissue. [fibro- + G. plastos, formed]

fibroplate fibroplate (fI´bro-plat)

articular disc

fibropolypus fibropolypus (fI-bro-pol´i-pus)

A polyp composed chiefly of fibrous tissue.

fibroreticulate fibroreticulate (fI´bro-re-tik´yu-lat)

Relating to or consisting of a network of fibrous tissue.

fibrosarcoma fibrosarcoma (fI´bro-sar-ko´ma)

A malignant neoplasm derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts arranged in a distinctive herringbone pattern with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream.
ameloblastic f. a rapidly growing, painful, destructive, radiolucent odontogenic tumor that usually arises through malignant change in the mesenchymal component of a pre-existing ameloblastic fibroma.ameloblastic sarcoma;
Earle L f. a transplantable f. derived from subcutaneous tissue of a mouse of C3H strain, grown in tissue culture to which 20-methylcholanthrene had been added.
infantile f. a rapidly growing but infrequently metastasizing f. which usually appears on the extremities in the first year of life.

fibrose fibrose (fI-bros´)

To form fibrous tissue.

fibroserous fibroserous (fI-bro-se´rus)

Composed of fibrous tissue with a serous surface; denoting any serous membrane.

fibrosis fibrosis (fI-bro´sis)

Formation of fibrous tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.
African endomyocardial f. f. of the inner layers of the myocardium, often including the endocardium, causing diastolic restriction of the heart; indigenous to East Africa.
congenital f. of the extraocular muscles [MIM*135700] an autosomal dominant disorder associated with blepharoptosis and absence of eye movements.
cystic f. , cystic f. of the pancreas [MIM*219700] a congenital metabolic disorder, inherited as an autosomal trait, in which secretions of exocrine glands are abnormal; excessively viscid mucus causes obstruction of passageways (including pancreatic and bile ducts, intestines, and bronchi), and the sodium and chloride content of sweat are increased throughout the patient's life; symptoms usually appear in childhood and include meconium ileus, poor growth despite good appetite, malabsorption and foul bulky stools, chronic bronchitis with cough, recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, emphysema, clubbing of the fingers, and salt depletion in hot weather. Detailed genetic mapping and molecular biology have been accomplished by the methods of reverse genetics.Clarke-Hadfield syndrome, fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, mucoviscidosis, viscidosis;
endocardial f. scarring or collaginosis of the endocardium.endocardial sclerosis (2) ;
endomyocardial f. thickening of the ventricular endocardium by f., involving the subendocardial myocardium, and sometimes the atrioventricular valves, with mural thrombosis, leading to progressive right and left ventricular failure with mitral and tricuspid insufficiency; occurs in adults and is endemic in parts of Africa.Davies' disease, endocardial fibroelastosis (2), endomyocardial fibroelastosis;
idiopathic interstitial f. usual interstitial pneumonia of Liebow
idiopathic pulmonary f. (IPF) subacute form also called Hamman-Rich syndrome; an acute to chronic inflammatory process of the lungs, the healing stage of diffuse alveolar damage or acute interstitial pneumonia, either completely idiopathic or associated with collagen-vascular diseases.chronic fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pulmonary f;
interstitial pulmonary f. idiopathic pulmonary f
leptomeningeal f. a fibrous reaction within the subarachnoid space; sometimes a sequel to infectious or chemical meningitis. See also adhesive arachnoiditis.
mediastinal f. f. that may obstruct the superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, veins, or bronchi; most common cause is histoplasmosis; less commonly tuberculosis or unknown.fibrosing mediastinitis, idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis;
nodular subepidermal f. See dermatofibroma.
oral submucous f. a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract characteristically in a native of India.
pericentral f. f. occurring around the central veins in the hepatic lobules.
perimuscular f. f. in the outer media of arteries, usually the renal arteries of young women, where it causes segmental stenosis and hypertension; a variety of fibromuscular dysplasia.subadventitial f;
pipestem f. a characteristic pipe-shaped f. formed around hepatic portal veins in some cases of long-continued heavy infection with Schistosoma mansoni; thought to be induced by the presence of large numbers of schistosome eggs in the hepatic tissues.Symmers' clay pipestem f., Symmers' f;
replacement f. the formation of fibrous tissue that occupies sites where various other cells and tissues have become atrophied, or degenerated and necrotic.
retroperitoneal f. f. of retroperitoneal structures commonly involving and often obstructing the ureters; the cause is usually unknown.idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis, Ormond's disease, periureteritis plastica;
subadventitial f. perimuscular f
Symmers' clay pipestem f. , Symmers' f. pipestem f

fibrositis fibrositis (fI-bro-sI´tis)

1. Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 2. Term used to denote aching, soreness, or stiffness, with multiple tender foci (trigger points); unknown etiology; thought by some to be due to a sleep disturbance preventing normal muscle relaxation.muscular rheumatism; [fibro- + G. -itis, inflammation]
cervical f. posttraumatic neck syndrome

fibrothorax fibrothorax (fI-bro-tho´raks)

Fibrosis of the pleural space.

fibrotic fibrotic (fI-brot´ik)

Pertaining to or characterized by fibrosis.

fibrous fibrous (fI´brus)

Composed of or containing fibroblasts, and also the fibrils and fibers of connective tissue formed by such cells.

fibroxanthoma fibroxanthoma (fI´bro-zan-tho´ma)

A fibrohistiocytic neoplasm.
atypical f. a solitary, often ulcerated, small cutaneous benign tumor composed of foamy histiocytes, spindle cells, and bizarre giant cells; usually found on the exposed skin of older people; microscopically, atypical f. closely resembles malignant fibrous histiocytoma, but originates in the dermis.

fibula fibula (fib´yu-la) [NA]

The lateral and smaller of the two bones of the leg; it is not-weight bearing and articulates with the tibia above and the tibia and talus below.calf bone, calf-bone (1), perone, peroneal bone, splint bone (2) ; [L. fibula (contr. fr. figibula), that which fastens, a clasp, buckle, fr. figo, to fix, fasten]

fibular fibular (fib´yu-lar)

Relating to the fibula.fibularis [NA] ; [L. fibularis]

fibularis fibularis (fib-yu-la´ris) [NA]

fibular, fibular [Mod. L.]

fibulocalcaneal fibulocalcaneal (fib´yu-lo-kal-ka´ne-al)

Relating to the fibula and the calcaneus.

ficin ficin (fI´sin)

A proteolytic enzyme isolated from figs (Ficus carica, globata, and doliaria); used in industry as a protein digestant; f. has a wide specificity for protein substrates; an anthelmintic.

Fick Fick

Adolf, German physician, 1829-1901. See F. principle, method.

ficosis ficosis (fI-ko´sis)

sycosis [L. ficus, fig]

FID FID

Abbreviation for free induction decay.

Fiedler Fiedler

Carl L.A., German physician, 1835-1921. See F.'s myocarditis.

field field (feld)

A definite area of plane surface, considered in relation to some specific object. [A.S. feld]
auditory f. the space included within the limits of hearing of a definite sound, as of a tuning fork.
Broca's f. Broca's center
Cohnheim's f. Cohnheim's area
f. of consciousness See field of consciousness.
f. of fixation in ophthalmology, the angular distance around which the line of fixation can be turned.
f.'s of Forel three circumscript, myelin-rich regions of the subthalamus known as H fields (from Haubenfelder); 1) field H₁, corresponding to the thalamic fasciculus, a horizontal fiber stratum at the junction of the subthalamus and the overlying thalamus, is composed of pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic fibers (brachium conjunctivum) and is separated by the zona incerta from the more ventrally placed field H₂; 2) field H₂, formed by the lenticular fasciculus and arching over the dorsal border of the subthalamic nucleus, is composed largely of pallidothalamic fibers; 3) field H₃ or prerubral field, is a large field of intermingling gray and white matter immediately rostral to the red nucleus, uniting fields H₁ and H₂ around the medial margin of the zona incerta; its gray matter forms the prerubral nucleus. See also lenticular loop.campi foreli, tegmental f.'s of Forel;
free f. a f. (three-dimensional space) in a homogeneous, isotropic medium free from boundaries; in practice, a f. in which boundary effects are negligible.
H f.'s See f.'s of Forel.
individuation f. the f. within which an organizer can bring about the rearrangement of primordial tissues in such a manner that a complete embryo is formed.
magnetic f. the sphere of influence of a magnet.
microscopic f. the area within which objects are visible with microscope oculars and objectives of various magnifying powers.
nerve f. the regional distribution of nerve terminals.
prerubral f. See f.'s of Forel.
tegmental f.'s of Forel f.'s of Forel
visual f. (F) the area simultaneously visible to one eye without movement; often measured by means of a bowl perimeter located 330 mm from the eye.
Wernicke's f. Wernicke's center

Fielding Fielding

George H., British anatomist, 1801-1871. See F.'s membrane.

Field's rapid stain Field's rapid stain

See under stain.

field-vole field-vole

A species of field mouse (Microtus montebelloi), normal host of Leptospira hebdomadis, the cause of a type of leptospirosis resembling infectious mononucleosis.

Fiessinger Fiessinger

Noël Armand, French physician, 1881-1946. See F.-Leroy-Reiter syndrome.

fièvre fièvre

(fe-evr´) French term for fever.
f. boutonneuse (fe-evr´ bu-ton-nuz´) boutonneuse fever

fig fig

Ficus, the partially dried fruit of Ficus carica (family Moraceae); used as a nutrient, mild laxative, and demulcent. [L. ficus; A.S. fic]

FIGLU FIGLU

Abbreviation for formiminoglutamic acid.

Figueira Figueira

Fernandes, Brazilian pediatrician, 1928. See F.'s syndrome.

figuratus figuratus (fig-yu-ra´tus)

Figured; a term descriptive of certain skin lesions. [L. figuro, pp. -atus, to form, fashion]

figure figure (fig´ur)

1. A form or shape. 2. A person representing the essential aspects of a particular role (e.g., relating to one's male boss as a father figure or to one's female teacher as a mother figure). 3. A form, shape, outline, or representation of an object or person. [L. figura, fr fingo, to shape, fashion]
authority f. a real or projected person in a position of power; one's parents, police, and boss are authority figures to some people; during the transference phase of psychoanalysis, the psychoanalyst becomes an authority f.
flame f. a small area of dermal or subcutaneous necrosis with intense eosinophil staining of collagen bundles; seen in the lesions of Well's syndrome.
fortification f.'s fortification spectrum
mitotic f. the microscopic appearance of a cell undergoing mitosis; a cell of which the chromosomes are visible by the light microscope.
myelin f. a rolled-up or scroll-like arrangement of a lipid bilayer within a cell, superficially resembling the myelin sheath of nerves; observed with the electron microscope in the cytoplasm or as inclusion in mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles where they may represent artifacts of lipid fixation.myelin body;
Purkinje's f.'s shadows of the retinal vessels, seen as dark lines on a reddish field when a light enters the eye through the sclera and not the pupil.

figure and ground figure and ground

That aspect of perception wherein the perceived is separated into at least two parts, each with different attributes but influencing one another. Figure is the most distinct; ground the least formed; e.g., a bird or tree (figure) seen against the sky (ground).

fila fila (fI´la)

Plural of filum. [L.]

filaceous filaceous (fI-la´shus)

filamentous [L. filum, a thread]

filaggrin filaggrin (fil-ag´grin)

A major protein of the keratohyalin granule, composed mostly of l-histadyl, lysyl, and arginyl residues (stratum corneum basic proteins). [filament + aggregating]

filamen filamen (fil´a-men)

A high-molecular-weight, actin-binding protein that is part of the intracellular filamentous structure of fibroblastic cells; its distribution in cells is derived from its interaction with polymerized actin.

filament filament (fil´a-ment)

1. filamentum 2. In bacteriology, a fine threadlike form, unsegmented or segmented without constrictions. [L. filamentum, fr. filum, a thread]
actin f. one of the contractile elements in muscular fibers and other cells; in skeletal muscle, the actin f.'s are about 5 nm wide and 100 mum long, and attach to the transverse Z f.'s.
axial f. the central f. of a flagellum or cilium; with the electron microscope it is seen as a complex of nine peripheral diplomicrotubules and a central pair of microtubules.axoneme (2) ;
cytokeratin f.'s keratin f.'s
intermediate f.'s a class of tough protein f.'s (including keratin f.'s, neurofilaments, desmin, and vimentin) that measure 8-10 nm in thickness and comprise part of the cytoskeleton of the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells; so named because they are intermediate in thickness between actin f.'s and microtubules.
keratin f.'s a class of intermediate f.'s that form a network within epithelial cells and anchor to desmosomes, thus imparting tensile strength to the tissue.cytokeratin f.'s;
myosin f. one of the contractile elements in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle fibers; in skeletal muscle, the f. is about 10 nm thick and 1.5 mum long.
parabasal f. term formerly used for rhizoplast.
root f.'s radicular fila, under filum
spermatic f. a spermatozoon, especially the tail of a spermatozoon.
Z f. the thin zig-zag structure at the Z line of striated muscle fibers to which the actin f.'s attach.

filamentous filamentous (fil-a-men´tus)

1. Threadlike in structure.filiform (1) ; 2. Composed of filaments or threadlike structures.filaceous, filar (2) ;

filamentum filamentum, pl. filamenta (fil-a-men´tum, -ta)

A fibril, fine fiber, or threadlike structure.filament (1) ; [L.]

filar filar (fI´lar)

1. fibrillar 2. filamentous [L. filum, a thread]

Filaria Filaria (fI-lar´e-a)

Former genus of nematodes now classified in several genera and species of the family Onchocercidae; e.g., Wuchereria bancrofti (F. bancrofti, F. diurna, or F. nocturna), Brugia malayi (F. malaya), Onchocerca volvulus (F. volvulus), Mansonella perstans (F. perstans or F. sanguinis hominis), M. streptocerca, M. ozzardi (F. demarquayi or F. ozzardi), Loa loa (F. extraocularis, F. lentis, F. loa, or F. oculi humani), and Dracunculus medinensis (F. medinensis) See also filaria.

filaria filaria, pl. filariae (fi-lar´e-a, -e-e)

Common name for nematodes of the family Onchocercidae, which live as adults in the blood, tissue fluids, tissues, or body cavities of many vertebrates. The females lay partially embryonated eggs, the embryos uncoil and circulate in blood or tissue fluids as microfilariae; if ingested by an appropriate bloodsucking arthropod, larval stages develop; later, infective larvae may be deposited on another vertebrate host's skin when the arthropod seeks another blood meal. [L. filum, a thread]

filarial filarial (fi-la´re-al)

Pertaining to a filaria (or filariae), including the microfilaria stage.

filariasis filariasis (fil-a-rI´a-sis)

Presence of filariae in the tissues of the body or in blood (microfilaremia) or tissue fluids (microfilariasis), occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; living worms cause minimal tissue reaction, which may be asymptomatic, but death of the adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis causing obstruction of the lymphatic channels from dense hyalinized scars in the subcutaneous tissues; the most serious consequence is elephantiasis or pachyderma.
bancroftian f. f. caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
Brug's f. infection with filarial organism Brugia malayi, which causes adenitis, fever, lymphangitis, and sometimes elephantiasis; occurs primarily in southeast Asia, India, Indonesia, China, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines.
periodic f. a form of f. in which microfilariae appear in the peripheral blood at regular 24-hr intervals; usually refers to the nocturnal periodicity of bancroftian filariasis.

filaricidal filaricidal (fi-lar-i-sI´dal)

Fatal to filariae.

filaricide filaricide (fi-lar´i-sId)

An agent that kills filariae. [filaria + L. caedo, to kill]

filariform filariform (fi-lar´i-form)

1. Resembling filariae or other types of small nematode worms. See also filariform larva. 2. Thin or hairlike.

Filariicae Filariicae (fi-lar´e-i-se)

Filarioidea

Filarioidea Filarioidea (fi-lar´e-oy´de-a)

A superfamily of filarial nematodes parasitic in many animal species, including man; includes the families Filariidae, Diplotraenidae, Onchocercidae, and Stephanofilariidae. See Filaria. See also Dipetalonema, Dirofilaria, Loa loa, Mansonella, Onchocerca, Wuchereria, Brugia.Filariicae;

Filaroides Filaroides (fil´a-roy´dez)

A genus of nematode parasites occurring in the lungs, bronchi, and trachea of dogs. F. osleri is a small, widely distributed species that causes a chronic disease of dogs, manifested by small (usually less than 1 cm in diameter), gray-white or pink nodules; the most marked symptom is a harsh cough.

Filatov Filatov

Nil, Russian pediatrician, 1847-1902. See F.'s disease, spots, under spot.

Filatov Filatov

Vladimir P., Russian ophthalmologist, 1875-1956. See F. flap; F.'s operation; F.-Gillies flap, tubed pedicle.

file file (fIl)

A tool for smoothing, grinding, or cutting.
Hedström f. a coarse root canal f. similar to a rasp.
periodontal f. an instrument with a series of ridges or points arranged in rows on its surface, used for scaling or removing dental calculus from the teeth.
root canal f. a pointed, flexible, steel intracanal instrument used in rasping canal walls.

filial filial (fil´e-al)

Denoting the relationship of offspring to parents. See filial generation. [L. filialis, fr. filius, son, filia, daughter]

filiform filiform (fil´i-form)

1. filamentous (1) 2. In bacteriology, denoting an even growth along the line of inoculation, either stroke or stab. [L. filum, thread]

filiform adnatum filiform adnatum

congenital ankyloblepharon

filioparental filioparental (fil´e-o-pa-ren´tal)

Pertaining to a child-parent relationship. [L. filius, son, + parens, parent, fr. pario, to give birth]

fillet fillet (fil´et)

1. lemniscus 2. A skein, loop of cord, or tape used for making traction on a part of the fetus. [Fr. filet, a band]
lateral f. lateral lemniscus
medial f. medial lemniscus

filling filling (fil´ing)

Lay term for a dental restoration.

film film

1. A light-sensitive or x-ray-sensitive substance used in taking photographs or radiographs. 2. A thin layer or coating. 3. A radiograph (colloq.).
absorbable gelatin f. a sterile, nonantigenic, absorbable, water-insoluble, thin sheet of gelatin prepared by drying a gelatin-formaldehyde solution on plates; used in the closure and repair of defects in membranes such as the dura mater or the pleura; it undergoes absorption over a period of 1 to 6 months.
bitewing f. a special packaging of radiographic f. that allows appendage of the f. package to be held between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
decubitus f. a radiograph exposed with the subject in the decubitus position; named for the side that is dependent.right or left lateral decubitus f;
horizontal beam f. a radiograph made with the central axis of the x-ray beam parallel to the floor, able to show an air-fluid level.
latitude f. wide-latitude f
panoramic x-ray f. in dentistry, a radiograph taken to give a panoramic view of the entire upper and lower dental arch as well as the temporomandibular joints.
plain f. a radiograph made without use of a contrast medium.
precorneal f. a protective f., 7 to 9 nm thick, consisting of external oily, intermediate watery, and deep mucoprotein layers.tear f;
right or left lateral decubitus f. decubitus f
scout f. a radiograph exposed before contrast medium is given, such as the preliminary film for an angiogram, urogram, or barium contrast gastrointestinal examination.scout radiograph;
f. speed the relative sensitivity of f. emulsion to light or radiation exposure; speed is inversely related to detail resolution.
spot f. a radiograph made during the course of an examination under fluoroscopic control, with a device attached to the fluoroscope.
tear f. precorneal f
wide-latitude f. f. that does not show large contrast differences with differences in exposure; the slope of the H and D curve is low.latitude f;

film changer film changer

A device that moves film for radiographic studies that require rapid serial x-ray exposures, such as angiography.rapid f.c., serial f.c;
rapid f.c. film changer
serial f.c. film changer

Filmer Filmer

David L., U.S. biochemist, *1932. See Adair-Koshland-Némethy-Filmer model; Koshland-Némethy-Filmer model.

filopodia filopodia (fil-o-po´de-a)

Plural of filopodium.

filopodium filopodium, pl. filopodia (fI-lo-po´de-um, -a)

A slender filamentous pseudopodium of certain free-living amebae. [L. filum, thread, + G. pous, foot]

filopressure filopressure (fI-lo-presh´ur)

Temporary pressure on a blood vessel by a ligature, which is removed when the flow of blood has ceased. [L. filum, thread]

filovaricosis filovaricosis (fI´lo-var-e-ko´sis)

A series of swellings along the course of the axon of a nerve fiber. [L. filum, thread, + varix, dilation of vein]

Filoviridae Filoviridae (fI´lo-vI´ra-da)

A family of filamentous, single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses with an enveloped nucleocapsid. Formerly classified with the Rhabdoviridae. See Ebola virus. [L. filum, thread, + virus]

Filovirus Filovirus (fI´lo-vI-rus)

A genus in the family Filoviridae that includes Marburg and Ebola viruses.

filter filter (fil´ter)

1. A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed in order to separate it from contained particulate matter or impurities.filtrum; 2. To use or to subject to the action of a f. 3. In diagnostic or therapeutic radiology, a plate made of one or more metals such as aluminum and copper that, placed in the x- or gamma-ray beam, permits passage of a greater proportion of higher energy radiation and attenuation of lower and less desirable energy radiation, raising the average energy or hardening the beam. 4. A device used in spectrophotometric analysis to isolate a segment of the spectrum. 5. A mathematical algorithm applied to image data for the purpose of enhancing image quality, usually by suppression of high spatial frequency noise. [Mediev. L. filtro, pp. -atus, to strain through felt, fr. filtrum, felt]
bandpass f. a device that allows a limited range of frequencies to pass.
Berkefeld f. a bacterial f. used in 1891, made of earth known as Kieselguhr taken from the name of the mine in Hanover, Germany, from which the earth was found. Ground water at this mine had a clear blue color suggesting the use of the earth as a filter. [Berkefield, name of owner of the mine from which the material to make the filter was taken]
bird's nest f. a wire mesh vena cava f.
Greenfield f. a multistrutted spring-styled filter usually placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent venous emboli from reaching the pulmonary circulation from the lower extremity.
high-pass f. a device or material that allows high frequency signals to pass while attenuating other signals.
low-pass f. a device or material with the opposite effect from a high-pass f.; most tissues act as low-pass f.'s of ultrasound signals.
nitinol f. a vena cava f. made with a metal that springs into shape when warmed to body heat by the blood after catheter insertion.
vena cava f. a f. used for interruption of IVC to prevent pulmonary embolism; e.g., Greenfield f.venocaval f;
venocaval f. vena cava f

filtrable filtrable , filterable (fil´tra-bl, fil´ter-a-bl)

Capable of passing a filter; frequently applied to smaller viruses and some bacteria.

filtrate filtrate (fil´trat)

That which has passed through a filter.

filtration filtration (fil-tra´shun)

1. The process of passing a liquid or gas through a filter. 2. In radiology, the process of attenuating and hardening a beam of x-rays or gamma rays by interposing a filter (3) between the radiation source and the object being irradiated; inherent f. is that which is caused by the apparatus itself, such as the glass of an x-ray tube, without addition of a filter.percolation (1) ;
gel f. separation of molecular sizes by passage of a mixture through columns of beads of cross-linked dextrans or similar relatively inert material of a well defined pore size range; the larger the molecule, the less time it spends in the interior of the beads, thus emerging earlier from the column than smaller molecules.

filtrum filtrum (fil´trum)

filter (1) [Mediev. L.]
Merkel's f. ventric´uli f. ventriculi
f. ventric´uli a groove between the two prominences, in each lateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx, formed by the cuneiform and the arytenoid cartilages.Merkel's f. ventriculi;

filum filum, pl. fila (fI´lum, -la) [NA]

A structure of filamentous or threadlike appearance. [L. thread]
f. du´rae ma´tris spina´lis [NA] f. of spinal dura mater
fi´la olfacto´ria olfactory nerves, under nerve
olfactory fi´la olfactory nerves, under nerve
radicular fi´la the small, individual fiber fascicles into which the roots of all of the spinal nerves and several cranial nerves (hypoglossus, vagus, oculomotorius) divide in fanlike fashion before entering or leaving the spinal cord or brainstem; the spinal dorsal root may divide into 8 to 12 such rootlets.fila radicularia [NA], root filaments;
fi´la radicula´ria [NA] radicular fila
f. of spinal dura mater the thread-like termination of the spinal dura mater, surrounding and fused to the f. terminale of the cord, and attached to the deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament; extends from S_2-3 to Co₂ vertebral levels.f. durae matris spinalis [NA] ;
terminal f. a long, slender connective tissue (pia mater) strand extending from the extremity of the medullary cone to the internal aspect of the spinal dural sac (f. terminale internum); stout strands of connective tissue attaching the spinal dural sac to the coccyx (f. terminale externum), commonly called the coccygeal ligament.f. terminale [NA], nervus impar, terminal thread;
f. termina´le [NA] terminal f

fimbria fimbria, pl. fimbriae (fim´bre-a, -bre-e)

1. [NA] Any fringelike structure.fringe; 2. pilus (2) [L. fringe]
f. hippocam´pi [NA] a narrow sharp-edged crest of white fiber matter, continuous with the alveus hippocampi, attached to the medial border of the hippocampus; composed of efferent fibers of the hippocampus that form the fornix, fibers of the hippocampal commissure, and septohippocampal fibers.corpus fimbriatum (1), tenia hippocampi;
ovarian f. the longest of the fimbriae of the uterine tube; it extends from the infundibulum to the ovary.f. ovarica [NA], infundibulo-ovarian ligament;
f. ova´rica [NA] ovarian f
fim´briae tu´bae uteri´nae [NA] fimbriae of uterine tube
fim´briae of uterine tube the irregularly branched or fringed processes surrounding the ampulla at the abdominal opening of the uterine tube; most of the lining epithelial cells have cilia that beat toward the uterus.fimbriae tubae uterinae [NA], laciniae tubae, Richard's fringes;

fimbriate fimbriate , fimbriated (fim´bre-at, -a-ted)

Having fimbriae.

fimbriectomy fimbriectomy (fim´bre-ek´to-me)

Excision of fimbriae. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. ektome, excision]

fimbrin fimbrin (fim´brin)

An actin-binding protein that cross-links adjacent filaments tightly to form parallel actin fibers in vertebrate cells. [L. fimbriae, threads, fibers, + -in]

fimbriocele fimbriocele (fim´bre-o-sel)

Hernia of the corpus fimbriatum of the oviduct. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. kele, hernia]

fimbrioplasty fimbrioplasty (fim´bre-o-plas-te)

Corrective operation upon the tubal fimbriae. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. plastos, formed]

Finckh Finckh

Johann, German psychiatrist, *1873. See F. test.

finding finding

A clinically significant observation, usually used in relation to one found on physical examination or laboratory test.

fineness fineness (fIn´nes)

A designator used to indicate the precious metal content of an alloy, 1000 fine being 24-carat or pure gold.

finger finger (fing´ger)

One of the digits of the hand.digitus manus [NA] ; [A.S.]
baseball f. an avulsion, partial or complete, of the long finger extensor from the base of the distal phalanx.drop f., hammer f., mallet f;
blubber f. erysipeloid
bolster f. monilial infection of the nail fold.
clubbed f.'s See clubbing.
dead f.'s acroasphyxia
drop f. baseball f
fifth f. little f
first f. thumb
fourth f. ring f
hammer f. baseball f
hippocratic f.'s See clubbing.
index f. the second f. (the thumb being counted as the first).digitus secundus [NA], forefinger, index (1), second f;
jerk f. trigger f
little f. the little or fifth finger.digitus minimus [NA], digitus quintus [NA], digitus auricularis, fifth f;
lock f. trigger f
mallet f. baseball f
middle f. third finger.digitus medius [NA], digitus tertius [NA], third f;
ring f. fourth finger.digitus annularis [NA], fourth f;
sausage f.'s the thick, short f.'s of acromegaly; symmetric, diffusely swollen f.'s; an early change in systemic sclerosis.
seal f.'s erysipeloid
second f. index f
snap f. trigger f
spade f.'s the course, thick f.'s of acromegaly or myxedema.
speck f. erysipeloid
spider f. arachnodactyly
spring f. trigger f
stuck f. trigger f
third f. middle f
trigger f. an affection in which the movement of the f. is arrested for a moment in flexion or extension and then continues with a jerk.jerk f., lock f., snap f., spring f., stuck f;
waxy f.'s acroasphyxia
webbed f.'s two or more f.'s united and enclosed in a common sheath of skin.
whale f.'s erysipeloid
white f.'s an occupational disease occurring in operators of pneumatic hammers who are exposed to cold.
zinc f. a zinc-binding domain in a protein structure often seen in certain gene regulatory proteins.

fingernail fingernail (fing´ger-nal)

See nail.

fingerprint fingerprint (fing´ger-print´)

1. An impression of the inked bulb of the distal phalanx of a finger, showing the configuration of the surface ridges, used as a means of identification. See also dermatoglyphics, Galton's system of classification of f.'s. 2. Term, sometimes used informally, referring to any analytical method capable of making fine distinctions between similar compounds or gel patterns; e.g., the pattern of an infrared absorption curve or of a two-dimensional paper chromatograph. 3. In genetics, the analysis of DNA fragments to determine the identity of an individual or the paternity of a child.genetic f;
DNA fingerprinting a pattern obtained from a technique used to compare individuals by molecular genotyping. DNA is isolated from a specific individual, digested, and fractionated according to size. A Southern hybridization with a radiolabeled repetitive DNA probe provides an autoradiographic pattern unique to the individual.DNA profiling, DNA typing; A technique developed in 1985 for comparing sets of DNA by locating identical sequences of nucleotides, often for purposes of forensic identification. DNA from one source is cut by restriction enzymes and subjected to gel electrophoresis, yielding a characteristic pattern of banding. Radioactive probes are applied. The probes are composed of short nucleotide sequences (10-15 base pairs), which are found multiply repeated on chromosomes (tandem repeats). Hybridization occurs, pinpointing the presence of the nucleotide sequence on the restriction fragments. Comparing the results from two or more DNA sources reveals their degree of relatedness. DNA fingerprinting offers a statistical basis for evaluating the probability that samples of blood, hair, semen, or tissue have originated from a given individual. It also offers a means of determining lineages of humans and animals.
Galton's system of classification of f.'s a system of classification based on the variations in the patterns of the ridges, which are grouped into arches, loops, and whorls (A.L.W. or arch-loop-whorl system). "Arches are formed when the ridges run from one side to the other of the bulb of the digit, without making any backward turn, but no twist; whorls, when there is a turn through at least one complete circle; they are also considered to include all duplex spirals." The abbreviations used in making a record of f.'s are: a, arch; l, loop; w, whorl; i, loop with an inner (thumb side) slope; o, loop with an outer (little-finger side) slope. The ten digits are registered in four groups as follows, distinguished by capital letters: A, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the right hand; B, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the left hand; C, the thumb and little finger of the right hand; D, the thumb and little finger of the left hand. See also dermatoglyphics.
genetic f. fingerprint (3)

Fink Fink

R.P., 20th century U.S. anatomist. See F.-Heimer stain.

Finkeldey Finkeldey

Wilhelm, 20th century German pathologist. See Warthin-F. cells, under cell.

Finney Finney

John M.T., U.S. surgeon, 1863-1942. See F.'s operation; F. pyloroplasty.

fire fire (fIr)

1. In dermatology, erysipelas. 2. In dentistry, the fusing of water and a powder containing kaolin, feldspar, and other substances to produce porcelain used in restorations and artificial teeth.

firedamp firedamp (fIr´damp)

Methane or other light hydrocarbons forming an explosive mixture when mixed with 7 or 8 volumes of air.

first aid first aid

Immediate assistance administered in the case of injury or sudden illnes by a bystander or other lay person, before the arrival of trained medical personnel.

Fischer Fischer

Louis, U.S. pediatrician, 1864-1944. See F.'s sign, symptom.

Fischer Fischer

Emil, German chemist and Nobel laureate, 1852-1919. See F. projection formulas of sugars; Kiliani-Fischer synthesis; Kiliani-Fischer reaction.

Fishberg Fishberg

Arthur M., U.S. physician, *1898. See F. concentration test.

fish berry fish berry

The seeds of Anamirta paniculata which contain the amaroid, picrotoxin; a CNS and respiratory stimulant, used in veterinary medicine as an antidote to barbiturates. Name derived from the use of bruised berries thrown into streams to poison or incapacitate fish.

Fisher Fisher

Miller, U.S. neurologist, *1910. See F.'s syndrome.

Fisher Fisher

Ronald A., British medical statistician and geneticist, 1890-1962; invented many statistical tests.

Fishman-Lerner unit Fishman-Lerner unit

See under unit.

fission fission (fish´un)

1. The act of splitting, e.g., amitotic division of a cell or its nucleus. 2. Splitting of the nucleus of an atom. [L. fissio, a cleaving, fr. findo, pp. fissus, to cleave]
binary f. simple f. in which the two new cells are approximately equal in size.
bud f. gemmation
multiple f. division of the nucleus, simultaneously or successively, into a number of daughter nuclei, followed by division of the cell body into an equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus.
simple f. division of the nucleus and then the cell body into two parts. See also binary f.

fissiparity fissiparity (fis-i-par´i-te)

schizogenesis [L. fissio, cleaving, fr. findo, to cleave, + pario, to bring forth]

fissiparous fissiparous (fi-sip´a-rus)

Reproducing or propagating by fission. [L. findo, pp. fissus, split, + pario, to produce]

Fissipedia Fissipedia (fis-i-pe´de-a)

A suborder of the Carnivora with separated toes, e.g., dogs, cats, bears. [L. fissus, cloven, + pes (ped-), foot]

fissura fissura, pl. fissurae (fi-su´ra, -su´re) [NA]

1. fissure 2. In neuroanatomy, a particularly deep sulcus of the surface of the brain or spinal cord. [L. fr. findo, to cleave]
f. antitragohelici´na [NA] antitragohelicine fissure
f. calcari´na calcarine sulcus
fissu´rae cerebel´li [NA] cerebellar fissures, under fissure
f. cer´ebri latera´lis lateral cerebral sulcus
f. choroi´dea 1. choroidal fissure
f. collatera´lis collateral sulcus
f. denta´ta hippocampal sulcus
f. hippocam´pi hippocampal sulcus
f. horizonta´lis cerebel´li [NA] horizontal fissure of cerebellum
f. horizonta´lis pulmo´nis dex´tri [NA] transverse fissure of the lung
f. ligamen´ti tere´tis [NA] fissure of round ligament of liver
f. ligamen´ti veno´si [NA] fissure of ligamentum venosum
f. longitudina´lis cer´ebri [NA] longitudinal fissure of cerebrum
f. media´na ante´rior medul´lae oblonga´tae [NA] anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata
f. media´na ante´rior medul´lae spina´lis [NA] anterior median fissure of spinal cord
f. obli´qua pulmon´is [NA] oblique fissure of lung
f. orbita´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior orbital fissure
f. orbita´lis supe´rior [NA] superior orbital fissure
f. parietooccipita´lis parieto-occipital sulcus
f. petro-occipita´lis [NA] petro-occipital fissure
f. petrosquamo´sa [NA] petrosquamous fissure
f. petrotympan´ica [NA] petrotympanic fissure
f. posterolatera´lis [NA] posterolateral fissure
f. pri´ma cerebel´li [NA] primary fissure of cerebellum
f. pterygoid´ea pterygoid fissure
f. pterygomaxilla´ris [NA] pterygomaxillary fissure
f. pterygopalati´na pterygomaxillary fissure
f. puden´di pudendal cleft
f. secun´da cerebel´li [NA] secondary fissure of cerebellum
f. sphenopetro´sa [NA] sphenopetrosal fissure
f. transver´sa cerebel´li transverse fissure of cerebellum
f. transver´sa cer´ebri [NA] transverse fissure of cerebrum
f. tympanomastoid´ea [NA] tympanomastoid fissure
f. tympanosquamo´sa [NA] squamotympanic fissure

fissural fissural (fish´u-ral)

Relating to a fissure.

fissuration fissuration (fish´u-ra´shun)

State of being fissured.

fissure fissure (fish´ur)

1. A deep furrow, cleft, or slit.(For most of the brain fissures, see entries under sulcus) 2. In dentistry, a developmental break or fault in the tooth enamel.fissura (1) [NA] ; [L. fissura]
abdominal f. congenital failure of the ventral body wall to close. See also celosomia, gastroschisis.
Ammon's f. a pearl-shaped opening in the sclera during early embryogenesis.
anal f. a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus, very painful and difficult to heal.
anterior median f. of medulla oblongata the longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata; it is the medullary equivalent of the anterior median f. of the spinal cord and ends at the foramen cecum posterius; its caudal part is obliterated by the decussation of the pyramids.fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae [NA], anteromedian groove (1) ;
anterior median f. of spinal cord a deep median f. on the anterior surface of the spinal cord.fissura mediana anterior medullae spinalis [NA], anteromedian groove (2), sulcus ventralis;
antitragohelicine f. a fissure in the auricular cartilage between the cauda helicis and the antitragus.fissura antitragohelicina [NA] ;
ape f. lunate cerebral sulcus
auricular f. tympanomastoid f
azygos f. the four-layered pleural fold that separates the lobus azygos from the rest of the right upper lobe of the lung, seen as an oblique line pointing downward toward the mediastinal shadow in the upper right lung field on a chest radiograph.
Bichat's f. the nearly circular f. corresponding to the medial margin of the cerebral (pallial) mantle, marking the hilus of the cerebral hemisphere, consisting of the callosomarginal f. and choroidal f. along the hippocampus, both of which are continuous with the stem of the f. of Sylvius at the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe.
branchial f. a persistent branchial cleft.
Broca's f. the f. surrounding Broca's convolution.
calcarine f. calcarine sulcus
callosomarginal f. cingulate sulcus
caudal transverse f. porta hepatis
cerebellar f.'s the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum. See also postcentral f., primary f. of cerebellum, secondary f. of cerebellum.fissurae cerebelli [NA] ;
cerebral f.'s the variously named fissures of the cerebral hemispheres. See also sulci cerebri, under sulcus.
choroid f. 1. optic f 2. optic f
choroidal f. 1. optic f 2. the narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn;fissura choroidea (1) ;
Clevenger's f. inferior temporal sulcus
collateral f. collateral sulcus
decidual f. a cleft in the decidua basalis or placenta.
dentate f. hippocampal sulcus
Duverney's f.'s notches in cartilage of external acoustic meatus, under notch
Ecker's f. petro-occipital f
enamel f. a deep cleft between adjoining cusps affording retention to caries-producing agents.
glaserian f. petrotympanic f
great horizontal f. horizontal f. of cerebellum
great longitudinal f. longitudinal f. of cerebrum
Henle's f.'s minute spaces filled with connective tissue between the muscular fasciculi of the heart.
hippocampal f. hippocampal sulcus
horizontal f. of cerebellum horizontal f. that divides the ansiform lobule into its major parts, crus I (superior semilunar lobule) and crus II (inferior semilunar lobule).fissura horizontalis cerebelli [NA], great horizontal f;
horizontal f. of right lung transverse f. of the lung
inferior accessory f. the f. that commonly separates the medial basal segment of the right lower lobe of the lung from the other basal segments, seen as an oblique line near the right heart border on chest radiographs.
inferior orbital f. a cleft between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the orbital plate of the maxilla, through which pass the maxillary division and the orbital branch of the trigeminal nerve, fibers from the pterygopalatine (Meckel's) ganglion, and the infraorbital vessels.fissura orbitalis inferior [NA], sphenomaxillary f;
lateral cerebral f. lateral cerebral sulcus
left sagittal f. a sagittal groove on the undersurface of the liver formed by the fissura ligamenti teretis anteriorly and the fissura ligamenti venosi posteriorly.
f. for ligamentum teres f. of round ligament of liver
f. of ligamentum venosum a deep cleft extending from the porta hepatis and the inferior vena cava between the left lobe and the caudate lobe; it lodges the ligamentum venosum and is thus a vestige of the fossa of the ductus venosus.fissura ligamenti venosi [NA], f. of venous ligament;
linguogingival f. a f. sometimes occurring on the lingual surface of one of the upper incisors and extending into the cementum.
f.'s of liver See left sagittal f., right sagittal f., porta hepatis, f. of round ligament of liver, f. of ligamentum venosum.
longitudinal f. of cerebrum the deep cleft separating the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.fissura longitudinalis cerebri [NA], great longitudinal f;
lunate f. lunate cerebral sulcus
f.'s of lung See transverse f. of the lung, oblique f. of lung.
major f. oblique f. of lung
minor f. transverse f. of the lung
oblique f. oblique f. of lung
oblique f. of lung the deep fissure in each lung that runs obliquely downward and forward. It divides the upper and lower lobes of the left lung and separates the upper and middle lobes from the lower lobe of the right lung.fissura obliqua pulmonis [NA], major f., oblique f;
optic f. in the embryo, the temporary gap in the ventral margin of the developing optic cup.choroid f. (1), choroid f. (2), choroidal f. (1) ;
oral f. rima oris
palpebral f. rima palpebrarum
Pansch's f. a cerebral f. (sulcus) running from the lower extremity of the central f. (sulcus) nearly to the end of the occipital lobe.
paracentral f. a curved f. (sulcus) on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, bounding the paracentral gyrus and separating it from the precuneus and the cingulate gyrus.
parieto-occipital f. parieto-occipital sulcus
petro-occipital f. a fissure between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone that extends anteromedially from the jugular foramen; includes the jugular foramem (at its posterior end).fissura petro-occipitalis [NA], Ecker's f;
petrosquamous f. a shallow fissure indicating externally the line of fusion of the petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone.fissura petrosquamosa [NA] ;
petrotympanic f. a fissure between the tympanic and petrous portions of the temporal bone; it transmits the chorda tympani nerve through a small patent portion, the anterior canaliculus of the chorda tympani.fissura petrotympanica [NA], glaserian f;
portal f. porta hepatis
postcentral f. a f. on the superior surface of the cerebellum separating the culmen from the central lobule.
posterior median f. of the medulla oblongata posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata
posterior median f. of spinal cord posterior median sulcus of spinal cord
posterolateral f. the earliest f. to appear in the development of the cerebellum; it separates the flocculus and nodulus from the uvula and tonsil.fissura posterolateralis [NA], prenodular f;
posthippocampal f. calcarine sulcus
postlingual f. a transverse f. on the superior vermis of the cerebellum separating the lingula from the central lobule.
postlunate f. a transverse f. on the superior vermis of the cerebellum separating the posterior lunate lobule in front from the ansiform lobule behind.
postpyramidal f. a f. that separates the pyramid of the cerebellum from the tuber.
postrhinal f. a f. separating the hippocampal from the collateral gyrus.
prenodular f. posterolateral f
primary f. of cerebellum the deepest f. of the cerebellum; demarcates the division of anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum; second to appear embryologically.fissura prima cerebelli [NA] ;
pterygoid f. the cleft between the medial and lateral laminae of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone into which the pyramidal process of the palatine bone is fitted.incisura pterygoidea [NA], fissura pterygoidea, pterygoid notch;
pterygomaxillary f. the narrow gap between the lateral pterygoid plate and the infratemporal surface of the maxilla through which the infratemporal fossa communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa; gives passage to the third part of the maxillary artery and the posterior superior alveolar arteries, veins and nerves.fissura pterygomaxillaris [NA], fissura pterygopalatina;
rhinal f. rhinal sulcus
right sagittal f. a sagittal groove on the undersurface of the liver formed by the fossa vesicae felleae anteriorly and the sulcus venae cavae posteriorly.
f. of Rolando central sulcus
f. of round ligament of liver a cleft on the inferior surface of the liver, running from the inferior border to the left extremity of the porta hepatis; it lodges the round ligament of the liver.fissura ligamenti teretis [NA], f. for ligamentum teres, fossa venae umbilicalis, umbilical f., umbilical fossa;
Santorini's f.'s notches in cartilage of external acoustic meatus, under notch
secondary f. of cerebellum a f. that separates the uvula of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum from the pyramid.fissura secunda cerebelli [NA] ;
simian f. lunate cerebral sulcus
sphenoidal f. superior orbital f
sphenomaxillary f. inferior orbital f
sphenopetrosal f. a narrow fissure between the undersurface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the temporal bone.fissura sphenopetrosa [NA] ;
squamotympanic f. the f. separating the tympanic part of the temporal bone from the squamous part; it is continuous medially with the petrotympanic f. and the petrosquamous f.fissura tympanosquamosa [NA], tympanosquamous f;
superior orbital f. a cleft between the greater and the lesser wings of the sphenoid establishing a channel of communication between the middle cranial fossa and the orbit, through which pass the oculomotor and trochlear nerves, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, the abducens nerve, and the ophthalmic veins.fissura orbitalis superior [NA], foramen lacerum anterius, sphenoidal f;
superior temporal f. superior temporal sulcus
sylvian f. , f. of Sylvius lateral cerebral sulcus
transverse f. of cerebellum the cleft caused by the protrusion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum over the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles.fissura transversa cerebelli;
transverse f. of cerebrum the triangular space between the corpus callosum and fornix above and the dorsal surface of the thalamus below, which is bounded laterally by the choroid f. of the lateral ventricle, lined by pia mater, and opens caudally into the cistern of the great cerebral vein of the subarachnoid space.fissura transversa cerebri [NA] ;
transverse f. of the lung the deep fissure that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung.fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri [NA], horizontal f. of right lung, minor f;
tympanomastoid f. a fissure separating the tympanic portion from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; it transmits the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.fissura tympanomastoidea [NA], auricular f., tympanomastoid suture;
tympanosquamous f. squamotympanic f
umbilical f. f. of round ligament of liver
f. of venous ligament f. of ligamentum venosum
vestibular f. of cochlea a fine f. in the lower part of the first turn of the cochlea, formed by a spiral lamina which projects from the outer wall of the cochlea but does not quite reach the osseous spiral lamina, thus leaving a narrow gap.
zygal f. a figure formed by two nearly parallel cerebral f.'s connected by a short f. at right angles, forming an H.

fistula fistula, pl. fistulae fistulas (fis´tyu-la, -tyu-le, -tyu-las)

An abnormal passage from one epithelialized surface to another epithelialized surface. [L. a pipe, a tube]
abdominal f. a tract leading from one of the abdominal viscera to the external surface.
amphibolic f. , amphibolous f. a complete anal f. opening both externally and internally.
anal f. a f. opening at or near the anus; usually, but not always, opening into the rectum above the internal sphincter.
arteriovenous f. an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein, usually resulting in the formation of an arteriovenous aneurysm.
f. au´ris congen´ita a congenital f. resulting from a defect in the formation of the auricle of the ear.
biliary f. a f. leading to some portion of the biliary tract.
f. bimuco´sa a complete f., both ends of which open on the mucous surface.
blind f. a f. that ends in a cul-de-sac, being open at one extremity only.incomplete f;
B-P f. bronchopleural f
branchial f. a congenital f. in the neck resulting from incomplete closure of a branchial cleft.
Brescia-Cimino f. a direct, surgically created, arteriovenous f.; used to facilitate chronic hemodialysis.
bronchobiliary f. communication between a bronchus and the bile duct, e.g., after a ruptured hepatic abscess.
bronchocavitary f. a communication between the bronchus and a lung abscess cavity.
bronchoesophageal f. communication between a bronchus and the esophagus; may occur in association with either infection or tumors involving a bronchus or the esophagus.
bronchopleural f. communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity; usually caused by necrotizing pneumonia or empyema; also may follow pulmonary surgery or irradiation.B-P f;
carotid-cavernous f. a fistulous communication, of spontaneous or traumatic origin, between the cavernous sinus and the traversing internal carotid artery; a pulsating unilateral exophthalmos and a detectable cranial bruit are common manifestations.
cholecystoduodenal f. communication between gallbladder and duodenum secondary to severe cholecystitis with perforation and abscess formation; stones erode through adjacent duodenal wall, and large stones may cause gallstone ileus.
coccygeal f. a fistulous opening of a dermoid cyst in the coccygeal region.
f. col´li congen´ita a congenital f. of the neck leading to the pharynx, larynx, or trachea.
colocutaneous f. a f. between the colon and the skin.
coloileal f. a f. between the colon and the ileum.
colonic f. 1. internal, a f. between the colon and a hollow viscus; 2. external, a f. between the colon and the skin.
colovaginal f. a f. between colon and vagina.
colovesical f. a f. between colon and urinary bladder.vesicocolic f;
complete f. a f. that is open at both ends.
congenital pulmonary arteriovenous f. abnormal congenital communication between pulmonary arteries and veins usually found in the lung parenchyma.
dental f. gingival f
duodenal f. an opening through the duodenal wall and into the peritoneal cavity, into another organ, or through the abdominal wall.
Eck f. transposition of the portal circulation to the systemic by making an anastomosis between the vena cava and portal vein and then ligating the latter close to the liver.
enterocutaneous f. a f. between the intestine and skin of the abdomen.
enterovaginal f. a fistulous passage connecting the intestine and the vagina.
enterovesical f. a f. connecting the intestine and the bladder.
ethmoidal-lacrimal f. a fistulous communication between the lacrimal sac and the ethmoidal sinus.internal lacrimal f;
external f. a f. between a hollow viscus and the skin.
fecal f. intestinal f
gastric f. a fistulous tract from the stomach to the abdominal wall.
gastrocolic f. a fistulous communication between the stomach and the colon.
gastrocutaneous f. a f. between the stomach and the skin.
gastroduodenal f. an abnormal opening between the stomach and the duodenum.
gastrointestinal f. a fistulous tract connecting the stomach with the intestine.
genitourinary f. a fistulous opening into the urogenital tract.urogenital f;
gingival f. a sinus tract originating in a peripheral abscess and opening into the oral cavity on the gingiva.dental f;
hepatic f. a f. leading to the liver.
hepatopleural f. a f. between the liver and the pleural space.
horseshoe f. an anal f. partially encircling the anus and opening at both extremities on the cutaneous surface.
H-type f. a rare form of congenital tracheoesophageal f. in which there is no esophageal atresia, manifest as aspiration pneumonias.H-type tracheoesophageal f;
H-type tracheoesophageal f. H-type f
incomplete f. blind f
internal f. a f. between hollow viscera.
internal lacrimal f. ethmoidal-lacrimal f
intestinal f. a tract leading from the lumen of the small intestine to the exterior.fecal f;
lacrimal f. , f. lacrima´lis an abnormal opening into a tear duct or the lacrimal sac.
lacteal f. a fistulous opening into one of the lactiferous ducts.mammary f;
lymphatic f. a congenital f. in the neck connecting with a lymphatic vessel and giving exit to lymph.
mammary f. lacteal f
Mann-Bollman f. a f. used in experimental investigations; a loop of ileum is isolated, the distal (aboral) end is anastomosed laterally to the duodenum or the small intestine, and the open proximal (oral) end is sutured to the abdominal wall; peristaltic waves travel from oral to aboral end, with leakage to the exterior thus reduced to a minimum.
metroperitoneal f. uteroperitoneal f
oroantral f. a pathologic communication between the maxillary antrum and the oral cavity, most commonly a complication of maxillary or molar tooth extraction.
orofacial f. a pathologic communication between the cutaneous surface of the face and the oral cavity.
oronasal f. a pathologic communication between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity.
parietal f. a f., either blind or complete, opening on the wall of the thorax or abdomen.thoracic f;
perineovaginal f. a f. through the perineum, opening into the vagina.
pharyngeal f. a form of f. colli congenita.
pilonidal f. pilonidal sinus
pulmonary f. a parietal f. communicating with the lung.
rectolabial f. a f. opening into the rectum and on the surface of a labium majus.rectovulvar f;
rectourethral f. a f. connecting the rectum and the urethra.
rectovaginal f. a fistulous opening between the rectum and the vagina.
rectovesical f. a fistulous communication between the rectum and the bladder.
rectovestibular f. a f. between rectum and vestibule of the vagina.
rectovulvar f. rectolabial f
reverse Eck f. side-to-side anastomosis of the portal vein with the inferior vena cava and ligation of the latter above the anastomosis but below the hepatic veins; the blood from the lower part of the body is thus directed through the hepatic circulation.
salivary f. a pathologic communication between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface or the oral mucus.
sigmoidovesical f. a f. between sigmoid colon and urinary bladder.
spermatic f. a f. communicating with the testis or any of the seminal passages.
T-E f. tracheoesophageal f
Thiry's f. an artificial f. for collecting the intestinal secretions of a dog or other animal for experimental purposes; a loop of intestine is isolated, its vascular and nervous connections are preserved, and the continuity of the intestinal tract is restored by anastomosis; one end of the isolated segment is closed, the other attached to the skin of the abdomen.
Thiry-Vella f. experimental isolation of a segment of intestine in a dog or other animal; the mesenteric attachment is preserved, the divided intestine at each end of the segment is joined by anastomosis, and the ends of the segment are stitched to openings in the abdominal wall.Vella's f;
thoracic f. parietal f
tracheal f. a form of f. colli congenita.
tracheobiliary fistula a rare congenital anastomosis between an accessory bronchus and aberrant biliary duct system.
tracheoesophageal f. congenital abnormality involving a communication between the trachea and esophagus; often associated with esophageal atresia, but may also be acquired; in the adult, etiology is similar to that of bronchoesophageal f.T-E f;
umbilical f. a f. of intestine or urachus at the umbilicus.
urachal f. a f. connecting the urachus with a hollow organ.
ureterocutaneous f. a f. between the ureter and the skin.
ureterovaginal f. a f. between the lower ureter and vagina.
urethrovaginal f. a f. between the urethra and the vagina.
urinary f. a f. resulting in abnormal drainage of urine to the skin or into another organ.
urogenital f. genitourinary f
uteroperitoneal f. a fistulous tract through the uterine wall opening into the peritoneal cavity.metroperitoneal f;
Vella's f. Thiry-Vella f
vesical f. a f. from the urinary bladder.
vesicocolic f. colovesical f
vesicocutaneous f. a f. between the bladder and the skin.
vesicointestinal f. a f. between the urinary bladder and the small intestine.
vesicouterine f. a f. between the bladder and the uterus.
vesicovaginal f. f. between the bladder and the vagina.
vesicovaginorectal f. an abnormal opening between the vagina and the bladder and rectum.
vitelline f. a f. between the umbilicus and the terminal ileum along the course of a persistent vitelline cord. See Meckel's diverticulum.

fistulation fistulation , fistulization (fis-tyu-la´shun, -tyu-li-za´shun)

Formation of a fistula in a part; becoming fistulous.

fistulatome fistulatome (fis´tyu-la-tom)

A long, thin-bladed, probe-pointed knife for slitting open a fistula.fistula knife, syringotome; [fistula + G. tome, a cutting]

fistulectomy fistulectomy (fis-tyu-lek´to-me)

Excision of a fistula.syringectomy; [fistula + G. ektome, excision]

fistuloenterostomy fistuloenterostomy (fis´tyu-lo-en-ter-os´to-me)

An operation connecting a fistula with the intestine. [fistula + G. enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth]

fistulotomy fistulotomy (fis-tyu-lot´o-me)

Incision or surgical enlargement of a fistula.syringotomy; [fistula + G. tome, incision]

fistulous fistulous (fis´tyu-lus)

Relating to or containing a fistula.

fit fit

1. An attack of an acute disease or the sudden appearance of some symptom, such as coughing. 2. A convulsion. 3. epilepsy 4. In dentistry, the adaptation of any dental restoration, e.g., of an inlay to the cavity preparation in a tooth, or of a denture to its basal seat. [A.S. fitt]
induced f. a conformational change in a macromolecule (e.g., protein) as a result of multiple weak interactions with a ligand or substrate.
uncinate f. temporal lobe epilepsy

FITC FITC

Abbreviation for fluorescein isothiocyanate.

fitness fitness (fit´nes)

1. Well-being. 2. Suitability. 3. In population genetics, a measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of a given individual or phenotype, or of a population subgroup. 4. A set of attributes, primarily respiratory and cardiovascular, relating to ability to perform tasks requiring expenditure of energy.
clinical f. absence of frank disease or of subclinical precursors.
evolutionary f. the probability that the line of descent from an individual with a specific trait will not eventually die out.
genetic f. in a phenotype, the mean number of surviving offspring that it generates in its lifetime, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage of the average genetic f. of the population.
physical f. a state of well-being in which performance is optimal.

Fitz-Hugh Fitz-Hugh

T., Jr., U.S. physician, 1894-1963. See Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome.

FIV FIV

Abbreviation for feline immunodeficiency virus.

fixation fixation (fik-sa´shun)

1. The condition of being firmly attached or set. 2. In histology, the rapid killing of tissue elements and their preservation and hardening to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body.fixing; 3. In chemistry, the conversion of a gas into solid or liquid form by chemical reactions, with or without the help of living tissue. 4. In psychoanalysis, the quality of being firmly attached to a particular person or object or period in one's development. 5. In physiological optics, the coordinated positioning and accommodation of both eyes that results in bringing or maintaining a sharp image of a stationary or moving object on the fovea of each eye. [L. figo, pp. fixus, to fix, fasten]
ammonia f. ammonia assimilation
bifoveal f. binocular f
binocular f. a condition in which both eyes are simultaneously directed to the same target.bifoveal f;
circumalveolar f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed through and around the dental alveolar process.
circummandibular f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed around the mandible.
circumzygomatic f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed around the zygomatic arch.
complement f. f. of complement in a serum by an antigen-antibody combination whereby it is rendered unavailable to complete a reaction in a second antigen-antibody combination for which complement is necessary; the second system usually serves as an indicator (red blood cells plus specific hemolysin); if complement is fixed with the first antigen-antibody union, hemolysis does not occur, but, if complement is not so removed, it causes hemolysis in the second system. See also Bordet-Gengou phenomenon, Wassermann test.CF test;
craniofacial f. stabilization of facial fractures to the cranial base by direct wiring or by external skeletal pin fixation.
crossed f. in convergent strabismus, the use of the right inturned eye to look at objects to the left and the left inturned eye to look at objects to the right, in order to avoid ocular rotation.
eccentric f. a monocular condition in which the line of sight connects the object and an extrafoveal retinal area.
elastic band f. the stabilization of fractured segments of the jaws by means of intermaxillary elastics applied to splints or appliances.
external f. f. of fractured bones by splints, plastic dressings, or transfixion pins.
external pin f. in oral surgery, stabilization of fractures of the mandible, maxilla, or zygoma by pins or screws drilled into the bony part through the overlying skin and connected by a metal bar.
external pin f., biphase pin f. by replacing the rigid metal bar connector with an acrylic bar adapted at the time of reduction of the fracture.
freudian f. See fixation (4).
genetic f. the increase of the frequency of a gene by genetic drift until no other allele is preserved in a specific finite population.
intermaxillary f. f. of fractures of the mandible or maxilla by applying elastic bands or stainless steel wire between the maxillary and mandibular arch bars or other types of splint.mandibulomaxillary f., maxillomandibular f;
internal f. stabilization of fractured bony parts by direct f. to one another with surgical wires, screws, pins, rods, plates, or methylmethacrylate.intraosseous f;
intraosseous f. internal f
mandibulomaxillary f. intermaxillary f
maxillomandibular f. intermaxillary f
nasomandibular f. mandibular immobilization, especially for edentulous jaws, with maxillomandibular splints, attached by connecting a circum-mandibular wire with an intraoral interosseous wire passed through a hole drilled into the anterior nasal spine of the maxillae.
nitrogen f. process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia.

fixative fixative (fik´sa-tiv)

1. Serving to fix, bind, or make firm or stable. 2. A substance used for the preservation of gross and histologic specimens of tissue, or individual cells, usually by denaturing and precipitating or cross-linking the protein constituents. See also fluid, solution.
acetone f. acetone used at low temperatures to fix enzymes, particularly phosphatases; it removes fat and glycogen.
Altmann's f. a bichromate-osmic acid f.
Bouin's f. a solution of glacial acetic acid, formalin, and picric acid, useful for soft and delicate tissues (as those of embryos) and small pieces of tissues; it preserves glycogen and nuclei and permits brilliant staining, but penetrates slowly, distorts kidney tissue and mitochondria, and does not permit Feulgen stain for DNA.
Carnoy's f. ethanol, chloroform, and acetic acid (6:3:1) or ethanol and acetic acid (3:1), an extremely rapid f. used for glycogen preservation and as a nuclear f.
Champy's f. a mixture of potassium bichromate, chromic acid, and osmic acid, considered an excellent cytologic f. with advantages and disadvantages similar to those of Flemming's f.; it differs from Flemming's f. in substituting bichromate for acetic acid.
Flemming's f. a mixture of chromic acid, osmic acid, and acetic acid that makes an excellent cytoplasmic and chromosomal f., especially when acetic acid is omitted; disadvantages are that it penetrates poorly, requires lengthy washing, and deterioriates rapidly.
formaldehyde f. a widely used fixing agent for pathologic histology; the commercial solution is 37-40% formaldehyde and is known as 100% formalin or formol; a common impurity is formic acid, which must be neutralized or the f. made in buffer solution; tissues fixed may have a pigment artifact precipitated.
formol-calcium f. a f. for preservation of lipids.
formol-Müller f. Müller's f. containing 2% commercial formalin.
formol-saline f. a general f. for histologic and histochemical preparations.
formol-Zenker f. Zenker's f. in which glacial acetic acid has been replaced by formalin.
glutaraldehyde f. a f. used in phosphate or cacodylate buffer for electron microscopy, and as a chromatin and enzyme f.; may be used preceding osmic acid as a second f. to add membrane preservation for electron microscopy.
Golgi's osmiobichromate f. an osmic-bichromate mixture used to demonstrate nerve cells and their processes.
Helly's f. a combination of potassium dichromate, mercuric chloride, formaldehyde, and distilled water, used as a microanatomic f. for cytoplasmic granules and nuclear staining; has the same disadvantages as Zenker's f.
Hermann's f. a hardening f. of glacial acetic acid, osmic acid, and platinum chloride.
Kaiserling's f. a method of preserving histologic and pathologic specimens without altering the color, by immersing them in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate, potassium acetate, and formalin.
Luft's potassium permanganate f. a f. useful in electron microscopy for cytologic preservation of lipoprotein complexes in membranes and myelin, because of its oxidative properties.
Marchi's f. a mixture of Müller's f. with osmium tetroxide, with potassium chlorate substituted for the potassium dichromate of Müller's f. for better results; used to demonstrate degenerating myelin. See also Marchi's stain.
methanol f. a f. used with dry blood films, and often incorporated into the stain used.
Müller's f. a hardening f. composed of potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, and distilled water, similar to Regaud's f.
neutral buffered formalin f. a general histologic f. less likely to leave formalin deposits in tissue than formol-saline f.
Newcomer's f. a f. containing isopropanol, propionic acid, and dioxane, recommended as a substitute for Carnoy's f. in preservation of chromatin; also useful for fixing polysaccharides; small pieces of tissue must be used, although excessive shrinkage may still occur.
Orth's f. formalin added to Müller's f., used for bringing out chromaffin, studying early degenerative processes and necrosis, and for demonstrating rickettsiae and bacteria.
osmic acid f. a f. used alone in buffer or as a postfixative after a glutaraldehyde f. in electron microscopy; an excellent membrane f. but a poor preservative of chromatin.
Park-Williams f. a f. for spirochetes, comprised of a 2% solution of osmic acid to the fumes of which the bacteria are exposed for a few seconds.
picroformol f. a f. containing formalin and picric acid.
Regaud's f. a f. containing formaldehyde and sodium dichromate, used to preserve mitochondria but not fat; requires afterchroming and extensive washing.
Schaudinn's f. a solution of mercuric chloride, sodium chloride, alcohol, and glacial acetic acid, used on wet smears for cytologic fixation.
Thoma's f. nitric acid in 95% alcohol, used for decalcifying bone in the preparation of histologic specimens.
Zenker's f. a rapid f. consisting of mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, glacial acetic acid, and water, useful for trichrome stains; must be washed to remove potassium dichromate and treated with iodine solution to remove mercuric chloride; tissues tend to become brittle if left in the f. for more than 24 hours.

fixator fixator (fik-sa´ter)

A device providing rigid immobilization through external skeletal fixation by means of rods (f.'s) attached to pins which are placed in or through the bone.

fixing fixing (fik´sing)

fixation (2)

flaccid flaccid (flak´sid, flas´id)

Relaxed, flabby, or without tone. [L. flaccidus]

flaccidity flaccidity (fla-sid´i-te)

The condition or state of being flaccid.

Flack Flack

Martin, British physiologist, 1882-1931. See F.'s node; Keith and F. node.

flagella flagella (fla-jel´a)

Plural of flagellum.

flagellar flagellar (fla-jel´ar)

Relating to a flagellum or to the extremity of a protozoan.

Flagellata Flagellata (flaj´e-la´ta)

Former name for Mastigophora.

flagellate flagellate (flaj´e-lat)

1. Possessing one or more flagella. 2. Common name for a member of the class Mastigophora.
collared f. choanomastigote

flagellated flagellated (flaj´e-la-ted)

Possessing one or more flagella.

flagellation flagellation (flaj´e-la´shun)

1. Whipping either one's self or another as a means of arousing or heightening sexual feeling. 2. The pattern of formation of flagella. [L. flagellatus, fr. flagello, to whip or scourge]

flagellin flagellin (flaj´e-lin)

A protein (MW about 20,000) containing the amino acid, epsi-N-methyllysine; the main protein component of the flagella of bacteria.

flagellosis flagellosis (flaj´e-lo´sis)

Infection with flagellated protozoa in the intestinal or genital tract, e.g., trichomoniasis.

flagellum flagellum, pl. flagella (fla-jel´um, -a)

A whiplike locomotory organelle of constant structural arrangement consisting of nine double peripheral microtubules and two single central microtubules; it arises from a deeply staining basal granule, often connected to the nucleus by a fiber, the rhizoplast. Though characteristic of the protozoan class Mastigophora, comparable structures are commonly found in many other groups, e.g., in spermatozoa. [L. dim. of flagrum, a whip]

flammable flammable (flam´a-bl)

The property of burning readily and quickly.inflammable; [L. flamma, flame]

flange flange (flanj)

That part of the denture base which extends from the cervical ends of the teeth to the border of the denture.
buccal f. the portion of the f. of a denture that occupies the buccal vestibule of the mouth.
denture f. 1. the essentially vertical extension from the body of the denture into one of the vestibules of the oral cavity; also, on the lower denture, the essentially vertical extension along the lingual side of the alveololingual sulcus; 2. the buccal and labial vertical extension of the upper or lower denture base, and the lingual vertical extension of the lower one; the buccal and labial denture f.'s have two surfaces: the buccal or labial surface and the basal seat surface; the lower lingual f. also has two surfaces: the basal seat surface and the lingual surface.
labial f. the portion of the f. of a denture which occupies the labial vestibule of the mouth.
lingual f. the portion of the f. of a mandibular denture that occupies the space adjacent to the tongue.

flank flank

latus

flap flap

1. Mass or tongue of tissue for transplantation, vascularized by a pedicle or stem; specifically, a pedicle f. 2. An uncontrolled movement, as of the hands. See asterixis. [M.E. flappe]
Abbe f. a full-thickness f. of the middle portion of the lower lip that is transferred into the upper lip, or vice versa.
advancement f. sliding f
arterial f. axial pattern f
axial pattern f. a f. that includes a direct specific artery within its longitudinal axis.arterial f;
bilobed f. a f. consisting of two lobes at approximately right angles, based on a common pedicle.
bipedicle f. a f. with two pedicles, one at each end.double pedicle f;
bone f. portion of cranium removed but left attached to overlying soft tissue structures.
buried f. a f. denuded of both surface epithelium and superficial dermis and transferred into the subcutaneous tissues.
caterpillar f. a tubed f. transferred end-over-end (in stages) from the donor area to a distant recipient area.waltzed f;
cellulocutaneous f. a f. of skin and subcutaneous tissue.
composite f. , compound f. a f. of 2 or more elements incorporating underlying muscle, bone, or cartilage.
cross f. a skin f. transferred from one part of the body to a corresponding part, as from one arm to the other.
delayed f. a f. raised in its donor area in two or more stages to increase its chances of survival after transfer.
deltopectoral f. an axial pattern skin f. of the deltoid and pectoral regions, based on the internal mammary vessels.
direct f. a f. raised completely and transferred at the same stage.immediate f;
distant f. a f. in which the donor site is distant from the recipient area.
double pedicle f. bipedicle f
envelope f. a mucoperiosteal f. retracted from a horizontal incision along the free gingival margin.
Estlander f. a full-thickness f. of the lip, transferred from the side of one lip to the same side of the other lip.
Filatov f. tubed f
Filatov-Gillies f. tubed f
flag f. a flag-shaped f. on a proximal pedicle, transferred from one surface to another of the same finger or from one finger to an adjacent finger.
flat f. a f. in which during transfer the pedicle is left flat or open, i.e., untubed.open f;
free f. island f. in which the donor vessels are severed proximally, the f. is transported as a free object to the recipient area, and the f. is revascularized by anastomosing its supplying vessels to vessels there.
free bone f. portion of cranium removed and detached from overlying soft tissue structures.
French f. sliding f
full-thickness f. a f. of the full thickness of mucosa and submucosa or of skin and subcutaneous tissues.
gingival f. a portion of the gingiva whose coronal margin is surgically detached from the tooth and the alveolar process.
hinged f. a turnover f. transferred by lifting it over on its pedicle as though the pedicle was a hinge.
immediate f. direct f
Indian f. f. from a contiguous area, such as cheek or forehead, used to rebuild the nose.
interpolated f. f. that is rotated into an adjoining area.
island f. a f. in which the pedicle consists solely of the supplying artery and vein(s), sometimes including a nerve.
Italian f. f. from a distant area; usually used in reference to a f. from the upper arm to rebuild a nose.
jump f. a distant f. transferred in stages via an intermediate carrier; e.g., an abdominal f. is attached to the wrist, then at a later stage the wrist is brought to the face.
lined f. a f. covered with epithelium on both sides; e.g., a folded skin f.
lingual f. tongue f
liver f. See asterixis.
local f. a f. transferred to an adjacent area.
mucoperichondrial f. a f. composed of mucosa and perichondrium, as from the nasal septum.
mucoperiosteal f. a f. composed of mucosa and periosteum, as from the hard palate or gingiva.
musculocutaneous f. myocutaneous f
myocutaneous f. a pedicle skin f., often an island f., with an attached subjacent muscle and its investments and blood supply.musculocutaneous f., myodermal f;
myodermal f. myocutaneous f
neurovascular f. a f. containing a sensory nerve, one purpose of which is to restore sensation to the recipient area.
open f. flat f
parabiotic f. a skin f. bridging from one animal to another.
partial-thickness f. split-thickness f
pedicle f. 1. a skin f. sustained by a blood-carrying stem from the donor site during transfer; 2. in periodontal surgery, a f. used to increase the width of attached gingiva, or to cover a root surface, by moving the attached gingiva, which remains joined at one side, to an adjacent position and suturing the free end.
pericoronal f. a f. of gingiva covering an unerupted tooth, especially the lower third molar.
permanent pedicle f. a pedicle f. in which the pedicle is not severed at the time of transfer, so that it continues to supply blood from the donor site to the recipient area.
pharyngeal f. a f. from the posterior wall of the pharynx to the soft palate, as a speech aid in cleft palate.
random pattern f. a f. in which the pedicle blood supply is derived randomly from the network of vessels in the area, rather than from a single longitudinal artery as in an axial pattern f.
rope f. tubed f
rotation f. a pedicle f. that is rotated from the donor site to an adjacent recipient area, usually as a direct f.
sickle f. a sickle-shaped f. from the anterior scalp and one side of the forehead, based on the opposite temporal artery.
skin f. a f. comprised of skin and its subjacent subcutaneous tissue.
sliding f. a rectangular f. raised in an elastic area, with its free end adjacent to a defect; the defect is covered by stretching the f. longitudinally until the end comes over it.advancement f., French f;
split-thickness f. a f. of a portion of the skin, i.e., the epidermis and part of the dermis, or of part of the mucosa and submucosa, but not including the periosteum.partial-thickness f;
subcutaneous f. a pedicle f. in which the pedicle is denuded of epithelium and buried in the subcutaneous tissue of the recipient area.
tongue f. a f. derived from the tongue; used to close a defect in an adjacent part, such as the lip or palate.lingual f;
tubed f. a f. in which the sides of the pedicle are sutured together to create a tube, with the entire surface covered by skin.Filatov f., Filatov-Gillies f., Filatov-Gillies tubed pedicle, rope f., tubed pedicle f;
tubed pedicle f. tubed f
turnover f. a hinged f. that is turned over 180°, usually to receive a second (covering) f.
von Langenbeck's bipedicle mucoperiosteal f. an operation to close a cleft of the palate using lateral incisions designed to move medially where they are sutured together.
V-Y f. a f. in which the incision is made in a V shape and sutured in a Y shape to gain additional tissue.V-Y plasty, V-Y procedure;
waltzed f. caterpillar f
Zimany's bilobed f. a surgical f. that is transposed into a defect with a smaller f. transposed to fill the secondary defect caused by the rotation of the larger f.

flare flare (flar)

1. A gradual tapering or spreading outward. 2. A diffuse redness of the skin extending beyond the local reaction to the application of an irritant; it is due to dilation of the arterioles and capillaries; depends upon an axon reflex set up by the liberation of a histamine-like substance in skin when injured. See also triple response.
aqueous f. Tyndall phenomenon observed in the fluid of the anterior chamber of the eye.

flarimeter flarimeter (fla-rim´e-ter)

Obsolete device for use in evaluating cardiopulmonary fitness; pulse rate and blood pressure were measured during attempts to expire the vital capacity through calibrated orifices while maintaining a mouth pressure of 20 mm Hg. [L. flare, to blow, + G. metron, measure]

flash flash

1. A sudden and brief burst of light or heat. 2. Excess material extruded between the sections of a flask in the process of molding denture bases or other dental restorations.
hot f. colloquialism for one of the vasomotor symptoms of the climacteric that may involve the whole body as a f. of heat; also used interchangeably with hot flush.

flashback flashback

An involuntary recurrence of some aspect of a hallucinatory experience or perceptual distortion occurring some time after taking the hallucinogen that produced the original effect and without subsequent ingestion of the substance.

flask flask

A small receptacle, usually of glass, used for holding liquids, powder, or gases. [M.E. keg, fr. Fr. flasque, fr. Germanic]
casting f. refractory f
crown f. denture f
denture f. a sectional metal boxlike case in which a sectional mold is made of plaster of Paris or artificial stone for the purpose of compressing and curing dentures or other resinous restorations.crown f;
Dewar f. a glass vessel, often silvered, with two walls, the space between which is evacuated; used for maintaining materials at constant temperature or, more usually, at low temperature.vacuum f;
Erlenmeyer f. a f. with a broad base, conical body, and narrow neck; so shaped that its liquid content can be shaken laterally without spilling.
Fernbach f. a f. used in microbial fermentations where a large surface area of the liquid substrate is required.
Florence f. a globular long-necked bottle of thin glass used for holding water or other liquid in laboratory work.
injection f. a denture f. designed so as to permit the forced flow of denture base material from a reservoir into the mold after the flask is closed and during curing.
refractory f. a metal tube in which a refractory mold is made for casting metal dental restorations or appliances.casting f., casting ring;
vacuum f. Dewar f
volumetric f. a f. calibrated to contain or to deliver a definite amount of liquid.

flasking flasking

The process of investing the cast and a wax denture in a flask preparatory to molding the denture-base material into the form of the denture.

Flatau Flatau

Edward, Polish neurologist, 1869-1932. See F.-Schilder disease; F.'s law.

flatfoot flatfoot (flat´fut)

pes planus

flatulence flatulence (flat´yu-lens)

Presence of an excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines. [Mod. L. flatulentus, fr. L. flatus, a blowing, fr. flo, pp. flatus, to blow]

flatulent flatulent (flat´yu-lent)

Relating to or suffering from flatulence.

flatus flatus (fla´tus)

Gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus. [L. a blowing]
f. vagina´lis expulsion of gas from the vagina.

flatworm flatworm (flat´werm)

A member of the phylum Platyhelminthes, including the parasitic tapeworms and flukes.

flavedo flavedo (fla-ve´do)

Yellowness or sallowness of the skin. [L. flavus, yellow]

flavianic acid flavianic acid (fla-ve-an´ik) [C.I. 10316]

A naphthol derivative dye, 8-hydroxy-5,7-dinitro-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, useful in the precipitation (and subsequent determination) of arginine and other basic substances.

flavin flavin , flavine (fla´vin, -ven, flav´in, -en)

1. riboflavin 2. A yellow acridine dye, preparations of which are used as antiseptics. [L. flavus, yellow]
f. adenine dinucleotide (FAD) a condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine 5´-diphosphate; the coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., d-amino-acid oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase; strictly speaking, FAD is not a dinucleotide since it contains a sugar alcohol.
electron transfer f. flavoproteins that participate in the electron transport pathway.
f. mononucleotide (FMN) riboflavin 5´-phosphate; the coenzyme of a number of oxidation-reduction enzymes; e.g., NADH dehydrogenase and l-amino acid oxidase. Strictly speaking, FMN is not a nucleotide since it contains a sugar alcohol instead of a sugar.riboflavin 5´-phosphate;

Flaviviridae Flaviviridae (fla´vI-vI´ra-da)

A family of enveloped single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses formerly classified as the "group B" arboviruses, including yellow fever and dengue viruses.

Flavivirus Flavivirus (fla´vi-vI-rus)

A genus in the family Flaviviridae that includes yellow fever, dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. [L. flavus, yellow, + virus]

Flavobacterium Flavobacterium (fla-vo-bak-ter´e-um)

A genus of aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, nonsporeforming, motile and nonmotile bacteria (family Achromobacteraceae) containing Gram-negative rods; motile cells are peritrichous. These organisms characteristically produce yellow, orange, red, or yellow-brown pigments. They are found in soil and fresh and salt water. Some species are pathogenic. The type species is F. aquatile. [L. flavus, yellow]
F. aqua´tile a species found in water containing a high percentage of calcium carbonate; it is the type species of F.
F. bre´ve a species found in sewage; pathogenic for laboratory animals.
F. piscici´da former name for Pseudomonas piscicida.

flavoenzyme flavoenzyme (fla-vo-en´zIm)

Any enzyme that possesses a flavin nucleotide as coenzyme; e.g., xanthine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase.yellow enzyme;

flavokinase flavokinase (fla-vo-kI´nas)

riboflavin kinase

flavone flavone (fla´von)

1. 2-Phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; or 2-phenylchromone;a plant pigment that is the basis of the flavonoids. 2. One of a class of compounds based on f. (1).

flavonoids flavonoids (fla´vo-noydz)

Substances of plant origin containing flavone in various combinations (anthoxanthins, apigenins, flavones, quercitins, etc.) and with varying biological activities.

flavonol flavonol (fla´vo-nol)

1. Reduced flavone. 2. flavone (1) hydroxylated at position 3; a member of a class of vascular pigments.

flavoprotein flavoprotein (fla´vo-pro´ten)

A compound protein possessing a flavin as prosthetic group. Cf. flavoenzyme.

flavor flavor (fla´ver)

1. The quality affecting the taste or odor of any substance. 2. A therapeutically inert substance added to a prescription to give an agreeable taste to the mixture. [M.E., fr. O. Fr., fr. L.L. flator, aroma, fr. flo, to blow]

flavoxate hydrochloride flavoxate hydrochloride (fla-vok´sat)

2-Piperidinoethyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-8-carboxylate hydrochloride;a smooth muscle relaxant for the urinary tract.

flavus flavus (fla´vus)

Latin for yellow. [L.]

flaxseed flaxseed (flaks´sed)

linseed
f. oil linseed oil

flea flea (fle)

An insect of the order Siphonaptera, marked by lateral compression, sucking mouthparts, extraordinary jumping powers, and ectoparasitic adult life in the hair and feathers of warm-blooded animals. Important f.'s include Ctenocephalides felis (cat f.), or C. canis (dog f.), Pulex irritans (human f.), Tunga penetrans (chigger, chigoe, or sand f.), Echidnophaga gallinacea (sticktight f.), Xenopsylla (rat f.), and Ceratophyllus. See also Copepoda.

flecainide acetate flecainide acetate (fle-ka´nId)

N-(2-Piperidylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide monoacetate;a member of the membrane-stabilizing group of antiarrhythmics, with local anesthetic activity, used in the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias.

Flechsig Flechsig

Paul E., German neurologist, 1847-1929. See F.'s areas, under area, ground bundles, under bundle, fasciculi, under fasciculus, tract; oval area of F.; semilunar nucleus of F.

flection flection (flek´shun)

flexion

Flegel Flegel

H., 20th century German dermatologist. See F.'s disease.

Fleisch Fleisch

Alfred, Swiss physician and physiologist, *1892. See F. pneumotachograph.

Fleischer Fleischer

Bruno, German ophthalmologist, 1874-1965. See F.'s ring, vortex; Kayser-F. ring; Fleischer-Strumpell ring.

Fleischmann Fleischmann

Friedrich Ludwig, 19th century German anatomist. See sublingual bursa.

Fleischner Fleischner

Felix, Austrian-American radiologist, 1893-1969. See F. lines, under line.

Fleitmann Fleitmann

Theodore, 19th century German chemist. See F.'s test.

Flemming Flemming

Walther, German anatomist, 1843-1905. See intermediate body of F.; germinal center of F.; F.'s fixative, triple stain.

Flesch Flesch

Rudolf, Austrian educator, *1911. See F. formula.

flesh flesh

1. The meat of animals used for food. 2. muscular tissue [A.S. flaesc]
goose f. cutis anserina
proud f. exuberant granulations in the granulation tissue on the surface of a wound.

fleshflies fleshflies (flesh´flIz)

Members of the order Diptera, whose larvae (maggots) develop in putrefying or living tissues. Maggots of the latter group produce myiasis; these include screw-worms (both primary and secondary invaders); wool maggots of sheep; botflies or skin maggots of man and domestic animals (including warble or heel flies); head or nasal botflies of sheep and goats, horses, camels, and deer; and horse botflies (or gadflies) whose larvae develop in the stomach, duodenum, or rectum of horses.

flex flex (fleks)

To bend; to move a joint in such a direction as to approximate the two parts which it connects. [L. flecto, pp. flexus, to bend]

flexibilitas cerea flexibilitas cerea (flek-si-bil´i-tas se´re-a)

The rigidity of catalepsy which may be overcome by slight external force, but which returns at once, holding the limb firmly in the new position. [L. waxy flexibility]

fleximeter fleximeter (flek-sim´e-ter)

goniometer (3)

flexion flexion (flek´shun)

1. The act of flexing or bending, e.g., bending of a joint so as to approximate the parts it connects; bending of the spine so that the concavity of the curve looks forward. 2. The condition of being flexed or bent.flection; [L. flecto, pp. flexus, to bend]
palmar f. turning the hand or fingers toward the palmar surface.
plantar f. turning the foot or toes toward the plantar surface.

Flexner Flexner

Simon, U.S. pathologist, 1863-1946. See F.'s bacillus.

flexor flexor (flek´ser, -sor)

A muscle the action of which is to flex a joint.

flexura flexura, pl. flexu´rae (flek-shyur´a, -shyur´e) [NA]

flexure [L. a bending]
f. co´li dex´tra [NA] right colic flexure
f. co´li sinis´tra [NA] left colic flexure
f. duode´ni infe´rior [NA] inferior flexure of duodenum
f. duode´ni supe´rior [NA] superior flexure of duodenum
f. duode´nojejuna´lis [NA] duodenojejunal flexure
f. perinea´lis rec´ti [NA] perineal flexure of rectum
f. sacra´lis rec´ti [NA] sacral flexure of rectum
f. sigmoid´ea sigmoid colon

flexural flexural (flek´sher-al)

Relating to a flexure.

flexure flexure (flek´sher)

A bend, as in an organ or structure.flexura [NA] ; [L. flexura]
anorectal f. perineal f. of rectum
basicranial f. pontine f
caudal f. the bend in the lumbosacral region of the embryo.sacral f;
cephalic f. the sharp, ventrally concave bend in the developing midbrain of the embryo.cerebral f., cranial f., mesencephalic f;
cerebral f. cephalic f
cervical f. the ventrally concave bend at the juncture of the brainstem and spinal cord in the embryo.
cranial f. cephalic f
dorsal f. a f. in the mid-dorsal region in the embryo.
duodenojejunal f. an abrupt bend in the small intestine at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum.flexura duodenojejunalis [NA], duodenojejunal angle;
hepatic f. right colic f
inferior f. of duodenum the bend at the junction of the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum. Occasionally a bend, the left inferior duodenal flexure, occurs at the junction of the horizontal and ascending parts.flexura duodeni inferior [NA] ;
left colic f. the bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon.flexura coli sinistra [NA], splenic f;
lumbar f. the normal ventral curve of the vertebral column in the lumbar region.
mesencephalic f. cephalic f
perineal f. of rectum the anteroposterior curve with convexity anteriorward of the last portion of the rectum.flexura perinealis recti [NA], anorectal angle (2), anorectal f;
pontine f. the dorsally concave curvature of the rhombencephalon in the embryo; appearance indicates division of rhombencephalon into myelencephalon and metencephalon.basicranial f., transverse rhombencephalic f;
right colic f. the bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions.flexura coli dextra [NA], hepatic f;
sacral f. caudal f
sacral f. of rectum the anteroposterior curve with concavity anteriorward of the first portion of the rectum.flexura sacralis recti [NA] ;
sigmoid f. sigmoid colon
splenic f. left colic f
superior f. of duodenum the flexure at the junction of the superior and descending parts of the duodenum.flexura duodeni superior [NA] ;
telencephalic f. a f. appearing in the embryonic forebrain region.
transverse rhombencephalic f. pontine f

flicker flicker

The visual sensation caused by stimulation of the retina by a series of intermittent light flashes occurring at a certain rate. See also flicker fusion, critical flicker fusion frequency.

flicks flicks

Rapid, involuntary fixation movements of the eye of 5 to 10 minutes of arc.flick movements;

Flieringa Flieringa

Henri J., Dutch ophthalmologist, *1891. See F.'s ring.

flight into disease flight into disease

Gain through falling ill or assuming the sick role. See primary gain, secondary gain.

flight into health flight into health

In dynamic psychotherapy, the early but often only temporary disappearance of the symptoms that ostensibly brought the patient into therapy; a defense against the anxiety engendered by the prospect of further psychoanalytic exploration of the patient's conflicts.

Flint Flint

Austin, U.S. physician, 1812-1886. See Austin F. murmur; F.'s murmur; Austin F. phenomenon.

Flint Flint

Austin, Jr., U.S. physiologist, 1836-1915. See F.'s arcade.

flint disease flint disease

See under disease.

flint glass flint glass

See under glass.

flip flip

A burn occurring on one side only of the entrance site in a gunshot wound of the soft parts.

floater floater (flot´er)

An object in the field of vision that originates in the vitreous body. See also muscae volitantes.

floating floating (flot´ing)

1. Free or unattached. 2. Unduly movable; out of the normal position; denoting an occasional abnormal condition of certain organs, such as the kidneys, liver, spleen, etc.

floc floc (flok)

A colloquial term for the product of a flocculation, i.e., the separation of the disperse phase of a colloidal suspension into discrete, usually visible particles, as in certain serologic precipitin tests.

floccillation floccillation (flok-si-la´shun)

An aimless plucking at the bedclothes, as if one were picking off threads or tufts of cotton.carphologia, carphology, crocidismus; [Mod. L. flocculus]

floccose floccose (flok´os)

In bacteriology, applied to a growth of short, curving filaments or chains closely but irregularly disposed. [L. floccus, a flock of wool]

flocculable flocculable (flok´yu-la-bl)

Capable of undergoing flocculation.

floccular floccular (flok´yu-lar)

Relating to a flocculus of any sort; specifically to the flocculus of the cerebellum.

flocculate flocculate (flok´yu-lat)

To become flocculent.

flocculation flocculation (flok-yu-la´shun)

Precipitation from solution in the form of fleecy masses; the process of becoming flocculent.flocculence;

floccule floccule (flok´yul)

flocculus

flocculence flocculence (flok´yu-lens)

flocculation

flocculent flocculent (flok´yu-lent)

1. Resembling tufts of cotton or wool; denoting a fluid, such as the urine, containing numerous shreds or fluffy particles of gray-white or white mucus or other material. 2. In bacteriology, denoting a fluid culture in which there are numerous colonies either floating in the fluid medium or loosely deposited at the bottom.

flocculonodular flocculonodular (flok´yu-lo-nod´yu-lar)

See flocculonodular lobe.

flocculus flocculus, pl. flocculi (flok´yu-lus, -lI)

1. A tuft or shred of cotton or wool or anything resembling it. 2. [NA] A small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule; it is associated with the nodulus of the vermis; together, these two structures compose the vestibular part of the cerebellum.floccule; [Mod. L. dim. of L. floccus, a tuft of wool]
accessory f. an occasional small lobule of the cerebellum adjacent to the flocculus.

Flocks Flocks

Milton, U.S. ophthalmologist, *1914. See Harrington-F. test.

Flood Flood

Valentine, Irish anatomist and surgeon, 1800-1847. See F.'s ligament.

flood flood (flud)

1. To bleed profusely from the uterus, as after childbirth or in cases of menorrhagia. 2. Colloquialism for a profuse menstrual discharge. [A.S. flod]

flooding flooding (flud´ing)

1. Bleeding profusely from the uterus, especially after childbirth or in severe cases of menorrhagia. 2. Profuse uterine hemorrhage. 3. A type of behavior therapy; a therapeutic strategy at the beginning of therapy, in which the patients imagine the most anxiety-producing scene and fully immerse (flood) themselves in it. Cf. systematic desensitization.

floor floor (flor)

The lower inner surface of an open space or hollow organ.
f. of orbit the floor of the orbit; the shortest of the four walls of the orbit, sloping upward from the orbital margin; it is comprised of the maxilla and orbital process of the palatine bone.paries inferior orbitae [NA], inferior wall of orbit;
f. of tympanic cavity the floor of the tympanic cavity; a thin plate of bone separating the tympanic cavity from the jugular fossa.paries jugularis cavi tympani [NA], fundus tympani, inferior wall of tympanic cavity, jugular wall of middle ear;

flora flora (flo´ra)

1. Plant life, usually of a certain locality or district. 2. The population of microorganisms inhabiting the internal and external surfaces of healthy conventional animals.microbial associates; [L. Flora, goddess of flowers, fr. flos (flor-), a flower]

florantyrone florantyrone (flor-an´ti-ron)

gamma-Oxy-gamma-(8-fluoranthene)butyric acid;an agent which increases the volume of bile without increasing the quantity of bile solids or stimulating evacuation of the gallbladder.

Florence Florence

Albert, French physician, 1851-1927. See F.'s crystals, under crystal.

Florence flask Florence flask

See under flask.

Florey Florey

Sir Howard W., Australian-British pathologist and Nobel laureate, 1898-1968. See F. unit.

florid florid (flor´id)

1. Of a bright red color; denoting certain cutaneous lesions. 2. Fully developed. [L. floridus, flowery]

Florschütz Florschütz

Georg, German physician, *1859. See F.'s formula.

floss floss

1. dental f 2. To use dental f. in oral hygiene.
dental f. an untwisted thread made from fine, short, silk or synthetic fibers, frequently waxed; used for cleansing interproximal spaces and between contact areas of the teeth.floss silk, floss (1) ;

flotation flotation (flo-ta´shun)

A process for separating solids by their tendency to float upon or sink into a liquid.

Flourens Flourens

Marie J.P., French physiologist, 1794-1867. See F.'s theory.

flow flow (flo)

1. To bleed from the uterus less profusely than in flooding. 2. The menstrual discharge. 3. Movement of a liquid or gas; specifically, the volume of liquid or gas passing a given point per unit of time. In respiratory physiology, the symbol for gas flow is V and for blood flow is Q, followed by subscripts denoting location and chemical species. 4. In rheology, a permanent deformation of a body which proceeds with time. [A.S. flowan]
Bingham f. the f. characteristics exhibited by a Bingham plastic.
Doppler color f. a computer-generated color image produced by Doppler ultrasonography in which different directions of f. are represented by different hues. See Doppler ultrasonography.This technique is typically used to examine blood flow when evaluating heart disease. Where obstructions (for instance, arterial plaques) exist, blood flow will alter according to the principles of fluid mechanics. Eddies and reversals are readily apparent on the color image.
effective renal blood f. (ERBF) the amount of blood flowing to the parts of the kidney that are involved with production of constituents of urine.
effective renal plasma f. (ERPF) the amount of plasma flowing to the parts of the kidney that have a function in the production of constituents of urine; the clearance of substances such as iodopyracet and p-aminohippuric acid, assuming that the extraction ratio in the peritubular capillaries is 100%.
forced expiratory f. (FEF) expiratory f. during measurement of forced vital capacity; subscripts specify the exact parameter measured, e.g., peak instantaneous f., the instantaneous f. at some specified point on the curve of volume expired versus time, or on the flow-volume curve, the mean f. between two expired volumes.
gene f. changes over time in the genetic composition of a population as a result of migration rather than of mutation and selection.
laminar f. the relative motion of elements of a fluid along smooth parallel paths, which occurs at lower values of Reynolds number.
newtonian f. the type of f. characteristic of a newtonian fluid.
peak expiratory f. the maximum f. at the outset of forced expiration, which is reduced in proportion to the severity of airway obstruction, as in asthma.
shear f. a f. of a material in which parallel planes in the material are displaced in a direction parallel to each other.

Flower Flower

Sir William H., English surgeon and anatomist, 1831-1899. See F.'s bone, dental index.

flower basket of Bochdalek flower basket of Bochdalek

Part of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protruding through Luschka's foramen and resting on the dorsal surface of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

flowers flowers (flow´erz)

A mineral substance in a powdery state after sublimation.
f. of antimony antimony trioxide
f. of benzoin benzoic acid
f. of sulfur sublimed sulfur
f. of zinc zinc oxide

flowmeter flowmeter (flo´me-ter)

A device for measuring velocity or volume of flow of liquids or gases.
electromagnetic f. a f. in which a magnetic field is applied to a blood vessel to measure flow in terms of the voltage developed by the blood as a conductor moving through the magnetic field.

floxacillin floxacillin (flok´sa-sil´in)

A penicillin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase (penicillinase).

floxuridine floxuridine (flok-su´ri-den)

5-Fluoro-2´-deoxyuridine (5-FUDR);the deoxynucleoside of fluorouracil; an antineoplastic agent. Fluorouracil is metabolized to f. and this, in turn, to 5-fluoro-2´-deoxyuridine 5´-monophosphate. The latter agent inhibits thymidylic synthetase; uridine phosphatase is also inhibited.

flu flu (flu)

influenza

fluanisone fluanisone (flu-an´i-son)

4´-fluoro-4-[4-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyrophenone;an antianxiety agent.haloanisone;

flucrylate flucrylate (flu´kri-lat)

2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-methylethyl-2-cyanoacrylate;a surgical tissue adhesive.

fluctuate fluctuate (fluk´tyu-at)

1. To move in waves. 2. To vary, to change from time to time, as in referring to any quantity or quality, e.g., height of blood pressure, concentration of substance in urine or blood, secretory activity, etc. [L. fluctuo, pp. -atus, to flow in waves]

fluctuation fluctuation (fluk-tyu-a´shun)

1. The act of fluctuating. 2. A wavelike motion felt on palpating a cavity with nonrigid walls, especially one containing fluid.

flucytosine flucytosine (flu-sI´to-sen)

5-Fluorocytosine;an antifungal drug.

fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate (flu-dro-kor´ti-son)

9a-fluoro-17-hydroxycorticosterone 9a-fluoro-11beta,17a,21-trihydroxypregn-4-en e-3,20-dione 21-acetate;a potent mineralocorticoid.9a-fluorocortisol, 9a-fluorohydrocortisone acetate;

fluence fluence (flu´ens)

A measure of the quantity of x-radiation in a beam in diagnostic radiology, either particle f., the number of photons entering a sphere of unit cross-sectional area, or energy f., the sum of the energies of the photons passing through a unit area. Cf. flux. [L. fluentia, a flowing, fr. fluo, to flow]

flufenamic acid flufenamic acid (flu-fen-am´ik)

N-(a,a,a-Trifluoro- m-tolyl)anthranilic acid;an anti-inflammatory agent.

fluid fluid (flu´id)

1. Consisting of particles or distinct entities that can readily change their relative positions; i.e., tending to move or capable of flowing. 2. A nonsolid substance, such as a liquid or gas, that tends to flow or conform to the shape of the container. [L. fluidus, fr. fluo, to flow]
allantoic f. the f. within the allantoic cavity.
amniotic f. a liquid within the amnion that surrounds the fetus and protects it from mechanical injury.liquor amnii;
Brodie f. an aqueous salt solution used in manometers designed for testing gas evolution or uptake, as in cell respiration.
Callison's f. a diluting f. for counting red blood cells, consisting of 1 ml of Loeffler's alkaline methylene blue, 1 ml of formalin, 10 ml of glycerol, 1 g of neutral ammonium oxalate, and 2.5 g of sodium chloride added to 90 ml of distilled water, mixed well, and permitted to stand until the solids are dissolved and the reagent is clear; the preparation is filtered prior to use.
cerebrospinal f. (CSF) a fluid largely secreted by the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, filling the ventricles and the subarachnoid cavities of the brain and spinal cord.liquor cerebrospinalis [NA] ;
crevicular f. gingival f
Dakin's f. Dakin's solution
dentinal f. the lymph or f. of dentin which appears on the surface of freshly cut dentin, especially in young teeth; it is a transudate of extracellular f., mainly cytoplasm of odontoblastic processes, from the dental pulp via the dentinal tubules.dental lymph;
extracellular f. (ECF) 1. the interstitial f. and the plasma, constituting about 20% of the weight of the body; 2. sometimes used to mean all f. outside of cells, usually excluding transcellular f.
extravascular f. all f. outside the blood vessels, i.e., intracellular, interstitial, and transcellular f.'s; it constitutes about 48 to 58% of the body weight.
Farrant's mounting f. an aqueous solution containing gum arabic, arsenic trioxide, glycerol, and water, used in mounting histologic sections directly from water; some modifications involve addition of potassium acetate to bring the pH up to neutrality and substitution of other preservatives like cresol or thymol for arsenic trioxide.
gingival f. f. containing plasma proteins, which is present in increasing amounts in association with gingival inflammation.crevicular f., sulcular f;
infranatant f. clear f. that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the lower portion of the contents of a vessel.
interstitial f. the f. in spaces between the tissue cells, constituting about 16% of the weight of the body; closely similar in composition to lymph.tissue f;
intracellular f. (ICF) the f. within the tissue cells, constituting about 30 to 40% of the body weight.
intraocular f. aqueous humor
newtonian f. a f. in which flow and rate of shear are always proportional to the applied stress; such f. precisely obeys Poiseuille's law. Cf. non-newtonian f.
non-newtonian f. a f. in which flow and rate of shear are not always proportional to the applied stress and which does not obey Poiseuille's law. As in anomalous viscosity; Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect; Bingham plastic. Cf. newtonian f.
pleural f. the thin film of f. between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
prostatic f. succus prostaticus;a whitish secretion that is one of the constituents of the semen.
pseudoplastic f. a f. which exhibits shear thinning.
Rees-Ecker f. an aqueous solution of sodium citrate, sucrose, and brilliant cresyl blue used in platelet counts.
Scarpa's f. endolymph
seminal f. semen (1)
sulcular f. gingival f
supernatant f. clear f. that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the upper portion of the contents of a vessel.
synovial f. a clear thixotropic fluid, the main function of which is to serve as a lubricant in a joint, tendon sheath, or bursa; consists mainly of mucin with some albumin, fat, epithelium, and leukocytes; synovial f. also helps to nourish the avascular articular cartilage.synovia [NA], joint oil;
thixotropic f. a liquid that tends to turn into a gel when left standing, but which turns back into a liquid if agitated, as by vibrations or subjection to adequate shear.
tissue f. interstitial f
transcellular f.'s the f.'s that are not inside cells, but are separated from plasma and interstitial f. by cellular barriers; e.g., cerebrospinal f., synovial f., pleural f.
ventricular f. the portion of the cerebrospinal f. that is contained in the ventricles of the brain.

fluidextract fluidextract (flu-id-eks´trakt)

Pharmacopeial liquid preparation of vegetable drugs, made by percolation, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both, and so made that each milliliter contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 g of the standard drug that it represents.liquid extract;

fluidglycerates fluidglycerates (flu-id-glis´er-ats)

Pharmaceutical preparations, formerly official in the NF, containing approximately 50% by volume of glycerin but no alcohol, and of the same drug strength as fluidextracts.

fluidism fluidism (flu´i-dizm)

humoral doctrine

fluidity fluidity (flu-id´i-te)

The reciprocal of viscosity; unit: rhe = poise-1.

fluidounce fluidounce (flu´id-owns´)

A measure of capacity: 8 fluidrams. The imperial f. is a measure containing 1 avoirdupois ounce, 437.5 grains, of distilled water at 15.6°C, and equals 28.4 ml; the U.S. f. is ¹/₁₂₈ gallon, contains 454.6 grains of distilled water at 25°C, and equals 29.57 ml.

fluidrachm fluidrachm , fluidram (flu´i-dram´)

A measure of capacity: 1 / 8 of a fluidounce; a teaspoonful. The imperial f. contains 54.8 grains of distilled water, and equals 3.55 ml; the U.S. f. contains 57.1 grains of distilled water and equals 3.70 ml.

fluke fluke (fluk)

Common name for members of the class Trematoda (phylum Platyhelminthes). All f.'s of mammals (subclass Digenea) are internal parasites in the adult stage and are characterized by complex digenetic life cycles involving a snail initial host, in which larval multiplication occurs, and the release of swimming larvae (cercariae) which directly penetrate the skin of the final host (as in schistosomes), encyst on vegetation (as in Fasciola), or encyst in or on another intermediate host (as in Clonorchis and other fish-borne f.'s). F.'s of lower vertebrates (order Monogenea), especially fish, are frequently monogenetic ectoparasites or gill parasites. Blood f.'s live in the mesenteric-portal bloodstream and associated vesical and pelvic venous plexuses; they include Schistosoma haematobium (the vesical blood f.), S. mansoni (Manson's intestinal blood f.), and S. japonicum (the Oriental blood f.). Other important f.'s are Paragonimus westermani (bronchial or lung f.), Opisthorchis felineus (cat liver f.), Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver or Oriental f.), Heterophyes heterophyes (Egyptian or small intestinal f.), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal f.), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet f.), Fasciola hepatica (liver or sheep liver f.), and Paramphistomum (rumen f.). [A.S. floc, flatfish]

flumazenil flumazenil (flu´ma-ze-nil)

A benzodiazepine with antagonist properties at the benzodiazepine recognition site of the benzodiazepine-GABA-chloride channel complex. Used as a treatment for overdose with benzodiazepine-type central nervous system depressants.

flumen flumen, pl. flumina (flu´men, flu´min-a)

A flowing, or stream.stream; [L.]
flumina pilo´rum [NA] hair streams, under stream

flumethasone flumethasone (flu-meth´a-son)

6a,9a-Difluoro-11beta,17a,21-trihydroxy-16a-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione; a synthetic corticosteroid;the 21-pivalate salt and acetate are also available.

flumethiazide flumethiazide (flu´me-thI´a-zId)

6-Trifluoromethyl-7-sulfamoyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothi adiazine 1,1-dioxide;an orally effective diuretic agent, related chemically to chlorothiazide and with similar pharmacologic actions; it inhibits carbonic anhydrase.

flumina flumina (flu´mi-na)

Plural of flumen.

flunarizine flunarizine (flu-nar´I-zen)

A calcium-blocking agent with anticonvulsant properties.

flunisolide flunisolide (flu-nis´o-lid)

Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 6-fluoro-11,21-dihydroxy-16,17[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-, hemihydrate, (6a,11beta,16a)-;an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used intranasally or by inhalation in the treatment of allergies and asthma.

flunitrazepam flunitrazepam (flu´nI-traz´e-pam)

A benzodiazepine compound with sedative/hypnotic properties.

fluo- fluo-

1. Combining form denoting flow. 2. Prefix often used to denote fluorine (used in the generic names of drugs). See also fluor-. [L. fluo, pp. fluxus, to flow]

fluocinolone acetonide fluocinolone acetonide (flu-o-sin´o-lon as´e-to-nId)

6a,9a-Difluoro-11beta,16a,17a,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone; 6a,9a-difluoro-16a-hydroxyprednisolone 16,17-acetonide;a fluorinated corticosteroid for topical use in the treatment of selected dermatoses.

fluocinonide fluocinonide (flu-o-sin´o-nId)

Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 21-(acetyloxy)-6,9-difluoro-11-hydroxy-16,17-[(methylethylidene)-bis(oxy)]-, (6a,11beta,16beta)-;an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used in topical preparations.

fluocortolone fluocortolone (flu-o-kor´to-lon)

6a-Fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxy-16a-methylpreg na-1,4-diene-3,20-dione;a glucocorticoid.
f. caproate ester of f. used topically in the treatment of skin diseases.f. hexanoate;
f. hexanoate f. caproate
f. pivalate an ester of f.

fluor- fluor- , fluoro-

Fluorine.

fluorapatite fluorapatite (flur-ap´a-tIt)

3Ca₃(PO₄)₂. CaF₂;a naturally occurring fluorophosphate of calcium.

9H-fluorene 9H-fluorene (flur´en)

Diphenylenemethane;parent compound of 2-acetylaminofluorene; occurs in coal tar.

fluorescamine fluorescamine (flur-es´ka-men)

C₁₇H₁₀O₄;A nonfluorescent reagent that reacts with primary amines to form fluorescent compounds.

fluoresce fluoresce (fluo-res´)

1. To produce or exhibit fluorescence. 2. 4-phenyl[furan[2H(3H)-1´-phthalane]-3,3´-dione;a reagent that reacts with amino acids to procude a fluorescing compound.

fluorescein fluorescein (flur-es´e-in) [C.I. 45350]

9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-one;an orange-red crystalline powder that yields a bright green fluorescence in solution, and is reduced to fluorescin; a nontoxic, water-soluble indicator used diagnostically to trace water flow.resorcinol phthalic anhydride, resorcinolphthalein;
f. sodium a dye used for diagnosis of certain ocular diseases, differentiation or delineation of organ parts in surgery, and determination of circulation time.resorcinolphthalein sodium, uranin;

fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (I´so-thI-o-sI´a-nat)

A fluorochrome dye frequently coupled to antibodies which are used to locate and identify specific antigens.

fluorescence fluorescence (flur-es´ens)

Emission of a longer wavelength radiation by a substance as a consequence of absorption of energy from a shorter wavelength radiation, continuing only as long as the stimulus is present; distinguished from phosphorescence in that, in the latter, emission persists for a perceptible period of time after the stimulus has been removed. See photoelectric effect. [fluorspar + -escence, inchoative suffix]

fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) (flur-es´ens)

A machine that can separate and analyze cells, such as lymphocytes, which are labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibody, by their fluorescence and light scattering patterns.

fluorescent fluorescent (flur-es´ent)

Possessing the quality of fluorescence.

fluorescin fluorescin (flur´-es-in)

Reduced fluorescein, with similar uses as fluorescein.

fluoridation fluoridation (flur´i-da´shun)

Addition of fluorides to a community water supply, usually 1 ppm, to reduce incidence of dental decay.

fluoride fluoride (flur´Id)

A compound of fluorine with a metal, a nonmetal, or an organic radical; the anion of fluorine; inhibits enolase; found in bone and tooth apatite; f. has a cariostatic effect; high levels are toxic.

fluoride number fluoride number

The percent inhibition of pseudocholinesterase produced by fluorides; used to differentiate normal from atypical pseudocholinesterases. See also dibucaine number.

fluoridization fluoridization (flur´i-di-za´shun)

Therapeutic use of fluorides to reduce the incidence of dental decay; sometimes used to refer to the topical application of fluoride agents to the teeth.

fluorine (F) fluorine (F) (flur´en)

A gaseous chemical element, atomic no. 9, atomic weight 18.9984032; ¹⁸F (half-life of 1.83 hours) is used as a diagnostic aid in various tissue scans. [L. fluere, flow]

fluoro- fluoro-

See fluor-.

fluorochrome fluorochrome (flur´o-krom)

Any fluorescent dye used to label or stain.

fluorochroming fluorochroming (flur´o-krom-ing)

1. Tagging or "labeling" of antibody with a fluorescent dye so that it may be observed with a microscope (using ultraviolet light), as a means of studying the origin, distribution, and sites of reaction (with antigen) in tissues. 2. Microscopic detection of cellular and tissue chemical components (DNA, RNA, proteins, polysaccharides) with the aid of fluorochromes bound to these components.

9a-fluorocortisol 9a-fluorocortisol (flur-o-kor´ti-sol)

fludrocortisone acetate

fluorocyte fluorocyte (flur´o-sIt)

Term used occasionally for a reticulocyte that exhibits fluorescence.

fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) (flur´o-dI-nI-tro-ben´zen)

A reagent used to combine with the free NH₂ group of the NH₂-terminal amino acid residue in a peptide, thus marking this residue; the combined forms are known as DNP-proteins, Dnp-aminoacyl, etc., the fluorine having been replaced to leave a dinitrophenyl residue (DNP, Dnp, or N₂Ph-) attached to the NH₂ group.Sanger's reagent;

fluorography fluorography (flur-og´ra-fe)

photofluorography

9a-fluorohydrocortisone acetate 9a-fluorohydrocortisone acetate (flur´o-hI-dro-kor´ti-son)

fludrocortisone acetate

fluorometer fluorometer (flur-om´e-ter)

A device employing an ultraviolet source, monochromators for selection of wavelength, and a detector of visible light; used in fluorometry.

fluorometholone fluorometholone (flur-o-meth´o-lon)

9a-Fluoro-11beta,17a-dihydroxy-6a-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione;a glucocorticoid for topical use.

fluorometry fluorometry (flur-om´e-tre)

An analytic method for determining fluorescent compounds, using a beam of ultraviolet light that excites the compounds and causes them to emit visible light. [fluoro- + G. metron, measure]

fluorophotometry fluorophotometry (flur´o-fo-tom´e-tre)

Photomultiplier tube measurement of fluorescence emitted from the interior of the eye after intravenous administration of fluorescein; used to measure the rate of formation of aqueous humor or integrity of the retinal vasculature.

fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolones

A class of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; well-absorbed orally, with good tissue penetration and relatively long duration of effect. Members of this class are derived from nalidixic acid and include norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. These agents bind to DNA and impair its replication.

fluororoentgenography fluororoentgenography (flur´o-rent-gen-og´ra-fe)

photofluorography

fluoroscope fluoroscope (flur´o-skop)

An apparatus for rendering visible the patterns of x-rays which have passed through a body under examination, by interposing a glass plate coated with fluorescent materials, such as calcium tungstate; to examine a patient by fluoroscopy.roentgenoscope; [fluorescence + G. skopeo, to examine]

fluoroscopic fluoroscopic (flur-o-skop´ik)

Relating to or effected by means of fluoroscopy.

fluoroscopy fluoroscopy (flur-os´ko-pe)

Examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by x-ray, using the fluoroscope.roentgenoscopy;
video f. f. using an image intensifier and television camera for image detection and a video monitor for display.

fluorosis fluorosis (flur-o´sis)

1. A condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorides (2 or more p.p.m. in drinking water), characterized mainly by mottling, staining, or hypoplasia of the enamel of the teeth, although the skeletal bones are also affected. 2. Chronic poisoning of livestock with fluorides which blacken and soften developing teeth and reduce bones to a chalky brittleness; most often caused by ingestion of forage contaminants near large aluminum plants.
chronic endemic f. f. caused by excessive fluorine in the natural water supply, as seen in parts of India; osteosclerosis with ankylosis of the spine may develop.

fluorouracil fluorouracil (flur-o-yu´ra-sil)

5-Fluorouracil;a pyrimidine analogue; an antineoplastic effective in the treatment of some carcinomas; the cells of certain neoplasms incorporate uracil into ribonucleic acid more readily than do normal tissue cells. See also floxuridine.

fluosol-DA fluosol-DA (flu´o-sol)

Experimental perfluorochemical solution under investigation as an artificial blood substitute.

fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride (flu-oks´e-ten)

Benzenepropanamine, N-methyl-gamma-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]-;an oral antidepressant chemically unrelated to other antidepressants; prevents serotonin reuptake.

fluoxymesterone fluoxymesterone (flu-ok-se-mes´ter-on)

9a-Fluoro-11beta,17beta-dihydroxy-17a-methyl-4-androstene-3-one;an orally effective synthetic halogenated steroid, related in chemical structure and pharmacologic action to methyltestosterone, but more potent.

flupentixol flupentixol (flu-pen-tik´sol)

4-{3-[2-(Trifluoromethyl)thioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl}-1-piperazineethanol;a neuroleptic.

fluperolone acetate fluperolone acetate (flu-per´o-lon)

9a-Fluoro-11beta,17a,21-trihydroxy-21-methyl pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate;a synthetic corticosteroid.

fluphenazine fluphenazine (flu-fen´a-zen)

4-[3-[2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenothiazin-10-yl]propyl]-1-piperazine ethanol; a phenothiazine-piperazine compound;a tranquilizer used as an antipsychotic and neuroleptic agent.
f. enanthate a long-acting antipsychotic, used parenterally.
f. hydrochloride an antipsychotic, used in the management of acute and chronic schizophrenia, involutional, senile, and toxic psychoses, and the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis.

fluprednisolone fluprednisolone (flu-pred-nis´o-lon)

6a-Fluoro-11beta,17a,21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione;a glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity similar to those of cortisol.

flurandrenolide flurandrenolide (flur-an-dren´o-lId)

Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 6-fluoro-11,21-dihydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-, (6a,11beta,16a)-;an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in topical preparations.

flurazepam hydrochloride flurazepam hydrochloride (flur-az´e-pam)

7-Chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one dihydrochloride;an oral hypnotic and sedative of the benzodiazepine series.

flurbiprofen flurbiprofen (flur-bi´pro-fen)

[1,1´-Biphenyl]-4-acetic acid, 2-fluoro-a-methyl-, (±)-;a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic actions.

flurogestone acetate flurogestone acetate (flur-o-jes´ton)

9-Fluoro-11beta,17-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 17-acetate;a progestational agent.

flurothyl flurothyl (flur´o-thil)

Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether;an inhalant convulsant; produces grand mal convulsions.

fluroxene fluroxene (flur-ok´sen)

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl vinyl ether;a volatile, halogenated inhalation anesthetic.2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl;

flush flush (flush)

1. To wash out with a full stream of fluid. 2. A transient erythema due to heat, exertion, stress, or disease. 3. Flat, or even with another surface, as a f. stoma.
carcinoid f. periodic hyperemia (flushing) of the skin of the face and other parts of the body seen in patients with a carcinoid tumor; the mediator has not been identified but it is not serotonin; flush can be precipitated by alcohol, food, stress, or palpation of the liver.
hectic f. redness of the face associated with a rise of temperature in various fevers.
histamine f. vasodilatation and erythema occurring as a result of release of histamine; thought to be a factor in genesis of f. of carcinoid syndrome.
hot f. colloquialism for a vasomotor symptom of the climacteric characterized by sudden vasodilation with a sensation of heat, usually involving the face and neck, and upper part of the chest. Cf. hot flash.
malar f. localized hectic f. and warmth of the malar eminences, often occurring in tuberculosis and sometimes seen in rheumatic fever.

flutamide flutamide (flu´ta-mId)

A nonsteroidal synthetic antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostatic cancer; antineoplastic (hormonal).

flutter flutter (flut´er)

Agitation; tremulousness. [A.S. floterian, to float about]
atrial f. , auricular f. rapid regular atrial contractions occurring usually at rates between 250 and 350 per minute and often producing "saw-tooth" waves in the electrocardiogram, particularly leads II, III, and aVF.jugular embryocardia;
diaphragmatic f. rapid rhythmical contractions (average, 150 per minute) of the diaphragm, simulating atrial f. clinically and sometimes electrocardiographically.
impure f. mixture of atrial flutter (FF) waves and fibrillation (ff) waves in the electrocardiogram.fibrilloflutter, flutter-fibrillation;
ocular f. a spontaneous, brief, intermittent, horizontal oscillation of the eyes occurring during fixation; it often coexists with ocular dysmetria in cerebellar syndromes.
pure f. consistent registration of atrial f. waves unmixed with other signals.
ventricular f. a form of rapid ventricular tachycardia in which the electrocardiographic complexes assume a regular undulating pattern without distinct QRS and T waves.

flutter-fibrillation flutter-fibrillation

impure flutter

flux flux (fluks)

1. The discharge of a fluid material in large amount from a cavity or surface of the body. See also diarrhea. 2. Material discharged from the bowels. 3. A material used to remove oxides from the surface of molten metal and to protect it when casting; serves a similar purpose in soldering operations. Also, an ingredient in dental porcelain that by its lower melting temperature helps to bond the silica particles. 4. (J) The moles of a substance crossing through a unit area of a boundary layer or membrane per unit of time.flux density (1) ; 5. Bidirectional movement of a substance at a membrane or surface. 6. In diagnostic radiology, photon fluence per unit time. [L. fluxus, a flow]
luminous f. the quantity of light emitted from a point source in a given time; its unit is the lumen.
net f. the difference between the two unidirectional f.'s.
unidirectional f. the f. of a substance from one surface of a boundary layer or membrane to the other, disregarding any counterbalancing f. in the other direction, as measured by tracer technique.

fly fly (flI)

A two-winged insect in the order Diptera. Typical flies of the housefly type and similar forms are in the family Muscidae. Important f.'s include Simulium (black f.), Calliphora (bluebottle f.), Piophila casei (cheese f.), Chrysops (deer f.), Siphona irritans (horn f.), Fannia scolaris (latrine f.), Oestrus ovis and Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis (nose f.), Cochliomyia hominivorax (primary screw-worm f.) and C. macellaria (secondary screw-worm f.), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable f.), Glossina (tsetse f.), and members of the insect order Trichoptera. For some types of flies not listed as subentries here (usually written as one word), see the full name (e.g., blowfly, botfly, gadfly, horsefly, housefly). [A.S. fleóge]
heel f. See botfly.
horn f. a major pest of cattle in the Northern Hemisphere that transmits the filarial parasite Stephanofilaria stilesi.Haematobia irritans;
louse f.'s pupiparous, dorsoventrally flattened dipterous ectoparasites of the family Hippoboscidae. See also Hippobosca, Melophagus.
mangrove f. species of Chrysops in Africa, vectors of Loa loa; e.g., Chrysops silacea.
Russian f. , Spanish f. cantharis
warble f. See botfly.

Flynn Flynn

P., U.S. physician. See F.-Aird syndrome; F. phenomenon.

Fm Fm

Symbol for fermium.

FMD FMD

Abbreviation for foot-and-mouth disease.

fMet fMet

Abbreviation for formylmethionine.

fMet-tRNA fMet-tRNA

Abbreviation for formylmethionyl tRNA.

FMN FMN

Abbreviation for flavin mononucleotide.

FNA FNA

Abbreviation for fine needle aspiration biopsy.

foam foam (fom)

1. Masses of small bubbles on the surface of a liquid. 2. To produce such bubbles. 3. Masses of air cells in a solid or semisolid, as in f. rubber.
human fibrin f. a dry artificial sponge of human fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a f. of a solution of human fibrinogen; the clotted f. is dried from the frozen state and heated; used as a topical anticoagulant.

focal focal (fo´kal)

1. Denoting a focus. 2. Relating to a localized area.

focal spot size focal spot size

the measured size of a focal spot, a function of its actual size and the angulation of the anode surface. See focal spot.

foci foci (fo´sI)

Plural of focus.

focimeter focimeter (fo-sim´e-ter)

lensometer

focus focus, pl. foci (fo´kus, fo´sI)

1. (F) The point at which the light rays meet after passing through a convex lens. 2. The center, or the starting point, of a disease process. [L. a hearth]
conjugate foci two points so related to a lens or concave mirror that an image at one point is focused at the other, and vice versa.
Ghon's f. Ghon's tubercle
natural f. of infection an ecosystem in which an infectious agent normally persists in nature; e.g., yellow fever virus in a jungle monkey-Haemagogus mosquito ecosystem.
principal f. the real or virtual meeting point of rays passing into a lens parallel to its axis.
real f. the point of meeting of convergent rays.
virtual f. the point from which divergent rays seem to proceed, or that at which they would meet if prolonged backward.

fodrin fodrin (fo´drin)

A spectrin-like protein that cross-links adjacent actin filaments in vertebrate cells.

Fogarty Fogarty

Thomas J., U.S. thoracic surgeon, *1934. See F. catheter, clamp.

fogging fogging (fog´ing)

A method of refraction in which accommodation is relaxed by overcorrection with a convex spherical lens.

fogo selvagem fogo selvagem (fo´go sel´va-jem)

A form of pemphigus foliaceus, occurring in southern Brazil, in which the lesions are bullous, appear localized to the face and upper trunk, become widespread, variegated, erythrodermic, and exfoliative, and are immunologically indistinguishable from pemphigus foliaceus or vulgaris.Brazilian pemphigus, wildfire; [Pg. wild fire]

foil foil (foyl)

An extremely thin pliable sheet of metal.

Foix Foix

Charles, French neurologist, 1882-1927. See F.-Alajouanine myelitis, syndrome; F.-Cavany-Marie syndrome.

folacin folacin (fo´la-sin)

An obsolete and now unapproved term for folic acid or any derivative thereof that has the biological (vitamin) activity of folic acid.

folate folate (fo´lat)

A salt or ester of folic acid.

fold fold (fold)

1. A ridge or margin apparently formed by the doubling back of a lamina. See also plica. 2. In the embryo, a transient elevation or reduplication of tissue in the form of a lamina.
adipose f.'s of the pleura plicae adiposae, under plica
alar f.'s winglike lateral fringes or expansions of the f. synovialis infrapatellaris.ligamenta alaria [NA], plicae alares [NA], alar ligaments (2), odontoid ligament;
amniotic f. a f. of amniotic membrane enclosing the yolk stalk and extending from the point of insertion of the umbilical cord to the yolk sac; in reptiles and birds it is the reflected edge of the amnion where it folds over to cover the embryo during early development.Schultze's f;
ampullary f.'s of uterine tube one of the f.'s of mucous membrane at the fimbriated extremity of the uterine tube.plicae ampullares tubae uterinae;
anterior axillary f. bounds axilla anteriorly; formed by skin and fascia overlying inferior border of pectoralis major muscle.
aryepiglottic f. , arytenoepiglottidean f. a prominent fold of mucous membrane stretching between the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage on either side; it encloses the aryepiglottic muscle.plica aryepiglottica [NA] ;
axillary f. one of the folds of skin and muscular tissue bounding the axilla anteriorly and posteriorly.plica axillaris;
caval f. a f. near the base on the right side of the dorsal mesentery, in which a primordial segment of the inferior vena cava develops between the right subcardinal vein and vessels within the liver.
cecal f.'s the two peritoneal folds that border the retrocecal fossa.plicae cecales [NA] ;
f. of chorda tympani the fold of mucosa that surrounds the chorda tympani nerve in its course through the tympanic cavity.plica chordae tympani [NA] ;
ciliary f.'s a number of low ridges in the furrows between the ciliary processes; together with the processes they constitute the corona ciliaris.plicae ciliares [NA] ;
circular f.'s plicae circulares, under plica
Dennie's infraorbital f. Dennie's line
dinucleotide f. a structural domain in certain proteins that binds NAD⁺ or NADP+.dinucleotide domain;
Douglas' f. sacrouterine f
Duncan's f.'s the f.'s on the peritoneal surface of the uterus immediately after delivery.
duodenojejunal f. superior duodenal f
duodenomesocolic f. inferior duodenal f
epicanthal f. a fold of skin extending from the root of the nose to the medial termination of the eyebrow, overlapping the medial angle of the eye; its presence is normal in fetal life and in Orientals.plica palpebronasalis [NA], epicanthus, mongolian f., palpebronasal f;
epigastric f. lateral umbilical f
epiglottic f.'s one of the three f.'s of mucous membrane passing between the tongue and the epiglottis, lateral glossoepiglottic f. on either side, and median glossoepiglottic f. centrally.plicae epiglottica;
falciform retinal f. a congenital f. from the disk to the ciliary region in the inferior temporal quadrant of the retina.
fimbriated f. plica fimbriata
gastric f.'s rugae of stomach, under ruga
gastropancreatic f.'s the folds of peritoneum in the omental bursa that encase the hepatic and left gastric arteries as these vessels pass toward their destinations.plicae gastropancreaticae [NA] ;
genital f. urogenital ridge
giant gastric f.'s enlarged gastric submucosal ridges covered by hyperplastic mucosa, as seen in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Ménétrièr's disease, and hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy.
glossopalatine f. palatoglossal arch
gluteal f. a prominent f. that marks the upper limit of the thigh from the lower limit of the buttock; it coincides with the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle; the furrow between the buttock and thigh.sulcus gluteus [NA], gluteal furrow;
Guérin's f. valve of navicular fossa
Hasner's f. lacrimal f
head f. a ventral folding of the cephalic extremity in the embryonic disk, so that the brain lies rostrad to the mouth and pericardium.
Houston's f.'s transverse rectal f.'s
ileocecal f. a fold of peritoneum bounding the ileocecal or ileoappendicular fossa.plica ileocecalis [NA], Treves' f;
incudal f. a variable fold of mucosa that passes from the roof of the tympanic cavity to the body and short limb of the incus.plica incudis [NA] ;
inferior duodenal f. a fold of peritoneum bounding the inferior duodenal recess.plica duodenalis inferior [NA], plica duodenomesocolica [NA], duodenomesocolic f;
infrapatellar synovial f. a fold of synovial membrane extending from below the level of the articular surface of the patella to the anterior part of the intercondylar fossa.plica synovialis infrapatellaris [NA], plica synovialis patellaris;
inguinal f. plica inguinalis
inguinal aponeurotic f. conjoint tendon
interdigital f.'s web of fingers/toes
interureteric f. a fold of mucous membrane extending from the orifice of the ureter of one side to that of the other side.plica interureterica [NA], bar of bladder, Mercier's bar, plica ureterica, torus uretericus, ureteric f;
f.'s of iris numerous very fine, almost microscopic, radial folds on the posterior surface of the iris that extend around the pupillary margin.plicae iridis [NA] ;
Kerckring's f.'s plicae circulares, under plica
labioscrotal f.'s lateral f.'s at either side of the embryonic cloacal membrane that develop into either the scrotum or the labia majora.
lacrimal f. a fold of mucous membrane guarding the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct.plica lacrimalis [NA], Bianchi's valve, Hasner's f., Hasner's valve, Huschke's valve, Rosenmüller's valve;
f. of laryngeal nerve f. of superior laryngeal nerve
lateral f.'s ventral foldings of the lateral margins of the embryonic disk, the development of which establishes the definitive embryonic body form.
lateral glossoepiglottic f. the fold of mucous membrane that extends from the margin of the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall and base of the tongue on each side, forming the lateral boundary of the epiglottic valleculae.plica glossoepiglottica lateralis [NA], pharyngoepiglottic f;
lateral nasal f. lateral nasal prominence
lateral umbilical f. the ridge on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall formed by the inferior epigastric vessels.plica umbilicalis lateralis [NA], epigastric f., plica epigastrica;
f. of left vena cava a pericardial fold lying between the left oblique vein of the atrium and the left superior pulmonary vein containing the obliterated remains of the left superior vena cava.plica venae cavae sinistrae [NA], Marshall's vestigial f., vestigial f;
longitudinal f. of duodenum a fold of mucosa on the medial wall of the descending part of the duodenum above the major duodenal papilla, probably caused by the relation to the common bile duct.plica longitudinalis duodeni [NA] ;
malar f. an ill-defined groove in the skin that extends downward and medially from the lateral canthus.
mallear f. one of two ligamentous bands, anterior and posterior, making folds on the tympanic side of the tympanic membrane extending from each extremity of the tympanic notch to the malleolar prominence; they mark the boundary between the tense and the flaccid portions of the tympanic membrane.plica mallearis [NA], plica membranae tympani, Tröltsch's f;
mammary f. mammary ridge
Marshall's vestigial f. f. of left vena cava
medial nasal f. medial nasal prominence
medial umbilical f. a fold of peritoneum on the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall that covers the obliterated umbilical artery on either side of the urachus.plica umbilicalis medialis [NA], plica hypogastrica;
median glossoepiglottic f. a fold of mucous membrane in the midline that extends from the back of the tongue to the epiglottis, forming the medial boundary of the epiglottic valleculae.plica glossoepiglottica mediana [NA], frenulum epiglottidis, middle glossoepiglottic f;
median umbilical f. a fold of peritoneum on the anterior wall of the abdomen covering the urachus, or remains of the allantoic stalk.plica umbilicalis mediana [NA], middle umbilical f., plica umbilicalis media, plica urachi, urachal f;
medullary f.'s neural f.'s
mesonephric f. mesonephric ridge
middle glossoepiglottic f. median glossoepiglottic f
middle transverse rectal f. See transverse rectal f.'s.
middle umbilical f. median umbilical f
mongolian f. epicanthal f
Morgan's f. a crease or f. beneath the margin of the lower lid of both eyes, present from birth (or shortly thereafter) in patients with atopic dermatitis.
mucobuccal f. the line of flexure of the mucous membrane as it passes from the mandible or maxillae to the cheek.
mucosal f.'s of gallbladder the interlacing folds of the mucosa that produce a honeycomb appearance in the interior of the gallbladder.plicae tunicae mucosae vesicae felleae [NA] ;
nail f. the fold of skin overlapping the lateral and proximal margins of the nail.vallum unguis [NA], wall of nail;
nasojugal f. a shallow groove in the skin that extends downward and laterally from the medial canthus.
Nêlaton's f. See transverse rectal f.'s.
neural f.'s the elevated margins of the neural groove.medullary f.'s;
opercular f. tissue forming a bridge or an adhesion between the tonsil and the anterior pillar of the fauces.
palmate f.'s the two longitudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the mucous membrane lining the cervix uteri, from which numerous secondary folds, or rugae, branch off.plicae palmatae [NA], arbor vitae uteri, lyra uterina;
palpebronasal f. epicanthal f
paraduodenal f. a sickle-shaped fold of peritoneum sometimes found arching between the left side of the duodenojejunal flexure and the medial border of the left kidney; its right free edge contains the ascending branch of the left colic artery and inferior mesenteric vein; forms anterior boundary of the paraduodenal recess. See also paraduodenal recess.plica paraduodenalis [NA], Treitz's arch;
pharyngoepiglottic f. lateral glossoepiglottic f
pleuropericardial f. a tissue f. jutting into the right or left embryonic pericardioperitoneal canal; it separates the developing pericardium from the pleural cavity and is formed by the growth of the common cardinal veins to the midline of the body.pericardiopleural membrane, pleuropericardial membrane;
pleuroperitoneal f. a tissue f. jutting into the caudal portion of the embryonic pericardioperitoneal canal; it develops into the dorsal portion of the definitive diaphragm and is formed by the lungs growing caudally and the liver expanding cranially.pleuroperitoneal membrane;
posterior axillary f. bounds axilla posteriorly; formed by skin and fascia overlying latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles and tendons of insertion.
presplenic f. a fan-shaped f. of peritoneum that passes from the gastrosplenic ligament near the lower end of the spleen to the phrenicocolic ligament with which it blends. It contains branches of the splenic or the left gastroepiploic artery.
rectal f.'s transverse rectal f.'s
rectouterine f. sacrouterine f
rectovesical f. sacrovesical f
retinal f. a congenital or secondary f., consequent to membrane contraction, producing star-shaped, meridional, or circular f.'s on the retina.
retrotarsal f. conjunctival fornix
Rindfleisch's f.'s semilunar f.'s of the serous surface of the pericardium, embracing the beginning of the aorta.
sacrogenital f.'s peritoneal f.'s that extend backward from the sides of the bladder of the male or uterus of the female on either side of the rectum to the sacrum, forming the lateral boundaries of the rectovesical pouch. See sacrouterine f., sacrovesical f.
sacrouterine f. a fold of peritoneum, containing the rectouterine muscle, passing from the sacrum to the base of the broad ligament on either side, forming the lateral boundary of the rectouterine (Douglas') pouch.plica rectouterina [NA], Douglas' f., Jarjavay's ligament, Petit's ligament, rectouterine f., uterosacral ligament;
sacrovaginal f. the lower part of the sacrouterine f.plica rectovaginalis;
sacrovesical f. the f. of peritoneum in the male that bounds the rectovesical pouch laterally.rectovesical f;
salpingopalatine f. a ridge of mucous membrane passing from the anterior border of the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube to the palate.plica salpingopalatina [NA], plica tubopalatina;
salpingopharyngeal f. a ridge of mucous membrane extending from the lower end of the tubal elevation along the wall of the pharynx overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle.plica salpingopharyngea [NA] ;
Schultze's f. amniotic f
semilunar f. the curved fold connecting the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch above the supratonsillar fossa; it always contains lymphoid tissue.plica semilunaris [NA] ;
semilunar f. of colon plica semilunaris of colon
semilunar conjunctival f. plica semilunaris conjunctivae
spiral f. of cystic duct a series of crescentic folds of mucous membrane in the upper part of the cystic duct, arranged in a somewhat spiral manner.plica spiralis ductus cystici [NA], Amussat's valve, Heister's valve, spiral valve of cystic duct, valvula spiralis;
stapedial f. a reflection of the delicate mucous membrane from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity that covers the stapes.plica stapedis [NA] ;
sublingual f. an elevation in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, on either side, marking the site of the sublingual gland.plica sublingualis [NA] ;
superior duodenal f. a fold of peritoneum bounding the superior duodenal recess.plica duodenalis superior [NA], plica duodenojejunalis [NA], duodenojejunal f;
f. of superior laryngeal nerve the slight fold of mucosa in the piriform recess of the pharynx that encloses the superior laryngeal nerve.plica nervi laryngei [NA], f. of laryngeal nerve;
synovial f. a projection from the synovial membrane of a joint extending toward or between the two articular surfaces.plica synovialis [NA] ;
tail f. the ventral folding of the caudal extremity of the embryonic disk.
tarsal f. the f. marking the attachment of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the skin of the upper eyelid.
transverse palatine f. a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances.plica palatina transversa [NA], ruga palatina, transverse palatine ridge;
transverse rectal f.'s the three or four crescentic f.'s placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal f. is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal f. (Nêlaton's f.) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (approximately the level of the floor of the rectouterine or rectovesical pouch); the inferior rectal f. is on the left side about 5 cm above the anus.plicae transversales recti [NA], Houston's f.'s, Houston's valves, Kohlrausch's valves, plicae recti, rectal f.'s, rectal valves;
transverse vesical f. a duplication of peritoneum passing over the empty bladder, but obliterated when the viscus is full.plica vesicalis transversa [NA] ;
Treves' f. ileocecal f
triangular f. a f. of mucous membrane anterior to the palatine tonsil arising from the palatoglossal arch.plica triangularis [NA] ;
Tröltsch's f. mallear f
tubal f.'s of uterine tubes many longitudinal folds in the mucous membrane of the uterine (fallopian) tube.plicae tubariae tubae uterinae [NA] ;
urachal f. median umbilical f
ureteric f. interureteric f
urorectal f. urorectal septum, urorectal membrane
uterovesical f. uterovesical ligament
vascular f. of the cecum a peritoneal fold that arches over a branch of the ileocolic artery and bounds in front a narrow recess, the superior ileocecal (or ileocolic) recess.plica cecalis vascularis [NA] ;
Vater's f. a f. of mucous membrane in the duodenum just above the greater duodenal papilla.
ventricular f. vestibular f
vestibular f. one of the pair of folds of mucous membrane stretching across the laryngeal cavity from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage; they enclose a space called the rima vestibuli or false glottis.plica vestibularis [NA], false vocal cord, plica ventricularis, ventricular band of larynx, ventricular f;
vestigial f. f. of left vena cava
vocal f. one of Ferrein's cords; the sharp edge of a fold of mucous membrane overlying the vocal ligament and stretching along either wall of the larynx from the angle between the laminae of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; the vocal folds are the agents concerned in voice production.plica vocalis [NA], chorda vocalis, labium vocale, true vocal cord, vocal cord, vocal shelf;

Foley Foley

Frederic E.B., U.S. urologist, 1891-1966. See F. catheter, operation, Y-plasty pyeloplasty.

folia folia (fo´le-a)

Plural of folium.

foliaceous foliaceous (fo-le-a´shus)

foliate

foliar foliar (fo´le-ar)

foliate

foliate foliate (fo´le-at)

Pertaining to or resembling a leaf or leaflet.foliaceous, foliar, foliose;

folic acid folic acid (fo´lik)

1. Collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. 2. N-[p-[[(2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6- yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-l(+)-glutamic acid;specifically, pteroylmonoglutamic acid; the growth factor for Lactobacillus casei, and a member of the vitamin B complex necessary for the normal production of red blood cells. It is a hemopoietic vitamin present, with or without l(+)-glutamic acid moieties, in peptide linkages in liver, green vegetables, and yeast; used to treat folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia.Lactobacillus casei factor, liver Lactobacillus casei factor, pteroylmonoglutamic acid;

folie folie (fo-le´)

Old term for madness or insanity. [Fr. folly]
f. à deux (a-du) identical or similar mental disorders, such as a paranoid fixation, usually affecting two members of the same family living together.shared psychotic disorder; [Fr. two]
f. du doute (du-dut) an excessive doubting about all the affairs of life and a morbid scrupulousness concerning minutiae. [Fr. from doubt]
f. du pourquoi (pur-kwah´) a psychopathologic tendency to ask questions. [Fr. why]
f. gémellaire (zha-mel-ar´) a psychosis appearing simultaneously, or nearly so, in twins, who are not necessarily living together or intimately associated at the time. [Fr. relating to twins]

Folin Folin

Otto K.O., U.S. biochemist, 1867-1934. See F.'s reaction, test; F.-Looney test.

folinate folinate (fo´li-nat)

A salt or ester of folinic acid.

folinic acid folinic acid (fo-lin´ik)

N⁵Formyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydrofolic acid;the active form of folic acid which acts as a formyl group carrier in transformylation reactions; the calcium salt, leucovorin calcium, has therapeutic use.citrovorum factor, leucovorin;

foliose foliose (fo´le-os)

foliate

folium folium, pl. folia (fo´le-um, -le-a) [NA]

A broad, thin, leaflike structure. [L. a leaf]
cerebellar folia the narrow, leaf-like gyri of the cerebellar cortex. See also vermis f.folia cerebelli [NA] ;
fo´lia cerebel´li [NA] cerebellar folia
fo´lia lin´guae foliate papillae, under papilla
f. ver´mis [NA] vermis f
vermis f. a small posterior subdivision of the superior vermis of the cerebellum.f. vermis [NA] ;

Folli Folli , Folius

Cecilio (Caesilius), Venitian anatomist, 1615-1660. See Folli's process, follian process.

folliberin folliberin (fol-lib´er-in)

A decapeptide of hypothalamic origin capable of accelerating pituitary secretion of follitropin.follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone; [follicle-stimulating hormone + L. libero, to free, + -in]

follicle follicle (fol´i-kl)

1. A more or less spherical mass of cells usually containing a cavity. 2. A crypt or minute cul-de-sac or lacuna, such as the depression in the skin from which the hair emerges.folliculus [NA] ; [L. folliculus, a small sac, dim. of follis, a pair of bellows]
aggregated lymphatic f.'s Peyer's patches, under patch
aggregated lymphatic f.'s of vermiform appendix masses of lymphoid tissue in the submucous coat of the vermiform appendix.folliculi lymphatici aggregati appendicis vermiformis [NA] ;
anovular ovarian f. a f. that does not contain an ovum.
atretic ovarian f. a f. that degenerates before coming to maturity; great numbers of such atretic f.'s occur in the ovary before puberty; in the sexually mature woman, several are formed each month.corpus atreticum;
dental f. the dental sac with its enclosed odontogenic organ and developing tooth.
gastric f.'s gastric glands, under gland
gastric lymphatic f.'s lymphoid tissue within the lamina propria which, especially in early life, collect in small masses similar to intestinal solitary lymphatic f.'s.folliculi lymphatici gastrici;
graafian f. vesicular ovarian f
growing ovarian f. a f. having several layers of proliferating follicular cells surrounding the ovum, but separated from it by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida).
hair f. a tube-like invagination of the epidermis from which the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open; the follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis.folliculus pili [NA] ;
intestinal f.'s intestinal glands, under gland
laryngeal lymphatic f.'s small f.'s located on the posterior aspect of the epiglottis and in the ventricle of the larynx.folliculi lymphatici laryngei [NA] ;
Lieberkühn's f.'s intestinal glands, under gland
lingual f.'s folliculi linguales, under folliculus
lymph f. , lymphatic f. one of the spherical masses of lymphoid cells, frequently having a more lightly staining center. See solitary lymphatic f.'s, Peyer's patches, under patch.folliculus lymphaticus, lymph nodule, nodulus lymphaticus;
lymphatic f.'s of larynx folliculi lymphatici laryngei, under folliculus
lymphatic f.'s of rectum folliculi lymphatici recti, under folliculus
mature ovarian f. a f. ready for ovulation; in the human ovary its antrum attains a diameter of 6 to 8 mm and presents a surface bulge; a first maturation (meiotic) division of the ovum usually occurs just prior to the rupture of the f.
Montgomery's f.'s areolar glands, under gland
nabothian f. nabothian cyst
ovarian follicle one of the spheroidal cell aggregations in the ovary containing an ovum.
polyovular ovarian f. a f. containing more than one ovum.
primary ovarian f. an ovarian f. before the appearance of an antrum; marked by developmental changes in the oocyte and follicular cells so that the latter form one or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells; the f. becomes surrounded by a sheath of stroma, the theca.folliculus ovaricus primarius [NA] ;
primordial ovarian f. a f. in which the primordial oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells.
sebaceous f.'s sebaceous glands, under gland
secondary f. vesicular ovarian f
solitary f.'s solitary lymphatic f.'s
solitary lymphatic f.'s minute collections of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the small and large intestines, being especially numerous in the cecum and appendix.folliculi lymphatici solitarii [NA], solitary f.'s, solitary glands, solitary nodules of intestine;
splenic lymph f.'s small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue attached to the sides of the smaller arterial branches.folliculi lymphatici lienales [NA], malpighian bodies, malpighian corpuscles (2), malpighian glands, malpighian nodules, splenic corpuscles, splenic lymph nodules;
f.'s of thyroid gland folliculi glandulae thyroideae, under folliculus
vesicular ovarian f. a f. in which the oocyte attains its full size and is surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida) that separates it from a peripheral layer of follicular cells permeated by one or more fluid-filled antra; the theca of the f. develops into internal and external layers.folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus [NA], graafian f., secondary f;

follicular follicular (fo-lik´yu-lar)

Relating to a follicle or follicles.

folliculi folliculi (fo-lik´yu-lI)

Plural of folliculus.

folliculin folliculin (fo-lik´u-lin)

estrone

folliculin hydrate folliculin hydrate

estriol

folliculitis folliculitis (fo-lik-yu-lI´tis)

An inflammatory reaction in hair follicles; the lesions may be papules or pustules.
f. absce´dens et suffo´diens a chronic progressive follicular-pustular eruption in the scalp.
f. bar´bae tinea barbae
f. decal´vans a papular or pustular inflammation of the hair follicles of the scalp seen mostly in men, resulting in scarring and loss of hair in the affected area.acne decalvans, alopecia follicularis;
eosinophilic pustular f. a dermatosis characterized by sterile pruritic papules and pustules that coalesce to form plaques with papulovesicular borders; spontaneous exacerbations and remissions may be accompanied by peripheral leukocytosis, eosinophilia, or both, and may result in eventual destruction of hair follicles and formation of eosinophilic abscesses. The disease has been reported in AIDS, and a possibly separate form of eosinophilic pustular f. occurs in infants.Ofuji's disease;
f. keloida´lis acne keloid
f. na´res per´forans inflammation of a hair follicle in the nose; the infection extends to, and perforates, the cutaneous surface.
perforating f. erythematous papules with a central keratin plug which are scattered on the arms, thighs, and buttocks; seen especially in diabetics on hemodialysis. See also hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis.
f. ulerythemato´sa reticula´ta erythematous "ice-pick" or pitted scars on the cheeks; a scarring type of folliculitis, associated with keratosis pilaris and commonly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.atrophoderma vermiculatum;

folliculoma folliculoma (fo-lik-yu-lo´ma)

1. granulosa cell tumor 2. Cystic enlargement of a graafian follicle.

folliculosis folliculosis (fo-lik-yu-lo´sis)

Presence of lymph follicles in abnormally great numbers.

folliculus folliculus, pl. folliculi (fo-lik´yu-lus, -yu-lI) [NA]

follicle [L. a small sac, dim. of follis, bellows]
follic´uli glan´dulae thyroi´deae the small spherical vesicular components of the thyroid gland lined with epithelium and containing colloid in varying amounts; the colloid serves for storage of the thyroid hormone precursor, thyroglobulin.follicles of thyroid gland;
follic´uli lingua´les collections of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the pharyngeal part of the tongue posterior to the terminal sulcus collectively forming the lingual tonsil.lenticular papillae, lingual follicles;
follic´uli lymphat´ici aggrega´ti [NA] Peyer's patches, under patch
follic´uli lymphat´ici aggrega´ti appen´dicis vermifor´mis [NA] aggregated lymphatic follicles of vermiform appendix, under follicle
folliculi lymphat´ici gas´trici gastric lymphatic follicles, under follicle
follic´uli lymphat´ici laryn´gei [NA] laryngeal lymphatic follicles, under folliclelaryngeal tonsils, lymphatic follicles of larynx;
follic´uli lymphat´ici liena´les [NA] splenic lymph follicles, under follicle
follic´uli lymphat´ici rec´ti scattered collections of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the rectum.lymphatic follicles of rectum;
follic´uli lymphat´ici solita´rii [NA] solitary lymphatic follicles, under follicle
f. lymphat´icus lymph follicle
f. ovar´icus prima´rius [NA] primary ovarian follicle
f. ovar´icus vesiculo´sus [NA] vesicular ovarian follicle
f. pi´li [NA] hair follicle

Folling Folling

Ivar A., Norwegian physician, 1888-1973. See F.'s disease.

follitropin follitropin (fol-i-tro´pin)

An acidic glycoprotein hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the graafian follicles of the ovary and assists subsequently in follicular maturation and the secretion of estradiol; in the male, it stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and is partially responsible for inducing spermatogenesis.follicle-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating principle, gametokinetic hormone; [follicle + G. trope, a turning, + -in]

Foltz Foltz

Jean C.E., French anatomist and ophthalmologist, 1822-1876. See F.'s valvule.

fomentation fomentation (fo-men-ta´shun)

1. A warm application. See also poultice, stupe. 2. Application of warmth and moisture in the treatment of disease. [L. fomento, pp. -atus, to foment, fr. fomentum, a poultice, fr. foveo, to keep warm]

fomes fomes, pl. fomites (fo´mez, fom´i-tez)

Objects, such as clothing, towels, and utensils that possibly harbor a disease agent and are capable of transmitting it; usually used in the plural.fomite; [L. tinder, fr. foveo, to keep warm]

fomite fomite (fo´mIt)

fomes

fomites fomites (fo´mi-tez)

Plural of fomes.

fonazine mesylate fonazine mesylate (fo´na-zen)

10-[2-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N-dimethylphenothiazine-2-sulfonamide monomethanesulfonate;a serotonin inhibitor.dimethothiazine mesylate;

Fonio Fonio

Anton, Swiss physician, *1889. See F.'s solution.

Fonsecaea Fonsecaea (fon-se-se´a)

A genus of fungi of which at least two species, F. pedrosoi and F. compacta, cause chromoblastomycosis.

Fontan Fontan

Francois, French thoracic surgeon, *1929. See F. procedure, operation.

Fontana Fontana

Felice, Italian physiologist, 1730-1805. See F.'s canal, spaces, under space.

Fontana Fontana

Arturo, Italian dermatologist, 1873-1950. See F.'s stain; F.-Masson silver stain; Masson-F. ammoniacal silver stain.

fontanel fontanel , fontanelle (fon´ta-nel´)

One of several membranous intervals at the angles of the cranial bones in the infant. See cranial f.'s.fonticulus [NA] ; [Fr. dim. of fontaine, fountain, spring]
anterior f. a diamond-shaped membranous interval at the junction of the coronal, sagittal, and metopic sutures where the frontal angles of the parietal bones meet the two ununited halves of the frontal bone.fonticulus anterior [NA], bregmatic f., frontal f;
anterolateral f. sphenoidal f
bregmatic f. anterior f
Casser's f. mastoid f
cranial f.'s the membranous intervals between the angles of the cranial bones in the infant; they include the midline anterior f. and posterior f., and the paired sphenoidal f. and mastoid f.fonticuli cranii [NA] ;
frontal f. anterior f
Gerdy's f. sagittal f
mastoid f. the membranous interval on either side between the mastoid angle of the parietal bone, the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and the occipital bone.fonticulus mastoideus [NA], fonticulus posterolateralis [NA], Casser's f., posterolateral f;
occipital f. posterior f
posterior f. a triangular interval at the union of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures where the occipital angles of the parietal bones meet the occipital.fonticulus posterior [NA], occipital f;
posterolateral f. mastoid f
sagittal f. an occasional f.-like defect in the sagittal suture in the newborn.Gerdy's f;
sphenoidal f. an irregularly shaped interval on either side where the frontal, sphenoidal angle of the parietal, squamous portion of the temporal and greater wing of the sphenoid meet.fonticulus sphenoidalis [NA], fonticulus anterolateralis [NA], anterolateral f;

fonticulus fonticulus, pl. fonticuli (fon-tik´yu-lus, -lI) [NA]

fontanel See cranial fontanels, under fontanel. [L. dim. of fons (font-), fountain, spring]
f. ante´rior [NA] anterior fontanel
f. anterolatera´lis [NA] * official alternate term for sphenoidal fontanel
fontic´uli cra´nii [NA] cranial fontanels, under fontanel
f. mastoi´deus [NA] mastoid fontanel
f. poste´rior [NA] posterior fontanel
f. posterolatera´lis [NA] * official alternate term for mastoid fontanel
f. sphenoida´lis [NA] sphenoidal fontanel

food food (fud)

That which is eaten to supply necessary nutritive elements. [A.S. foda]

Foot Foot

N.C., 20th century U.S. pathologist. See F.'s reticulin impregnation stain.

foot foot (fut)

1. The lower, pedal, podalic, extremity of the leg.pes (1) ; 2. A unit of length, containing 12 inches, equal to 30.48 cm. [A.S. fot]
athlete's f. tinea pedis
buttress f. a condition of the horse's f. in which there is exostosis of the extensor process of the third phalanx, with swelling and chronic inflammation at the coronary band on the anterior surface of the f.pyramidal disease;
claw f. See clawfoot.
club f. See talipes equinovarus.
contracted f. 1. talipes cavus 2. a condition of the horse in which a part of the foot, often a heel, is contracted and shrunken as a result of loss of moisture in the hoof.contracted heel;
drop f. See foot-drop.
fescue f. poisoning by a toxic principle in tall fescue grass; mainly a disease of cattle, but sheep are sometimes affected; lameness in the hind feet is first noticed, followed by necrosis of the extremities.fescue poisoning;
fungous f. mycetoma (1)
f. of hippocampus the anterior thickened extremity of the hippocampus.pes hippocampi [NA], digitationes hippocampi;
Hong Kong f. tinea pedis
immersion f. a condition resulting from prolonged exposure to damp and cold; the extremity is initially cold and anesthetic, but on rewarming becomes hyperemic, paresthetic, and hyperhidrotic; recovery is often slow.trench f;
Madura f. mycetoma (1)
Morand's f. a f. having eight toes.
mossy f. a profuse velvety papillomatous growth that develops large warty projections; caused by chronic lymphedema and stasis with maceration and associated infection.lymphedematous keratoderma, lymphostatic verrucosis;
pumiced f. a condition of the horse's hoof, frequently associated with chronic laminitis, in which the sole is level with or extends beyond the bearing surface of the hoof wall, causing lameness, particularly when the animal moves on hard surfaces; the sole becomes thick and flaky.
reel f. archaic term for clubfoot.
sandal f. a wide space between the first and second toes seen in Down's syndrome.
spastic flat f. eversion of the f. with spasm of the muscles (peroneal) on the outer side; often associated with abnormal bars of bone cartilage or fibrous tissue between the calcaneum and the navicular (scaphoid) or between the navicular and the talus, resulting in a tarsal coalition.
trench f. immersion f

footcandle footcandle (fut´kan-dl)

Illumination or brightness equivalent to 1 lumen per square foot; replaced in the SI system by the candela.

foot-drop foot-drop (fut´drop)

Paralysis or weakness of the dorsiflexor muscles of the foot, as a consequence of which the foot falls, the toes dragging on the ground in walking; many causes, both central and peripheral.

footplate footplate , foot-plate (fut´plat)

1. base of stapes 2. pedicel

foot-pound foot-pound (fut´pownd)

Energy expended, or work done, in raising a mass of 1 pound a height of 1 foot vertically against gravitational force.

foot-poundal foot-poundal (fut´pownd-al)

Energy exerted, or work done, when a force of 1 poundal displaces a body 1 foot in the direction of the force; equal to about 0.01 calorie.

footprinting footprinting (fut´print-ing)

A method for determining the area of DNA covered by protein binding; accomplished by nuclease digestion of the protein-DNA complex followed by analysis of the region of DNA protected by the interaction with protein.

forage forage (for-ahzh´)

The operation of cutting a channel by surgical diathermy through an enlarged prostate. [Fr. boring]

foramen foramen, pl. foramina (fo-ra´men, fo-ram´i-na) [NA]

An aperture or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure.trema (1) ; [L. an aperture, fr. foro, to pierce]
alveolar foramina openings of the posterior dental canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla.foramina alveolaria [NA] ;
foram´ina alveola´ria [NA] alveolar foramina
anterior condyloid f. hypoglossal canal
anterior palatine f. greater palatine f
aortic f. aortic hiatus
apical dental f. apical f. of tooth
apical f. of tooth the opening at the apex of the root of a tooth that gives passage to the nerve and blood vessels.f. apicis dentis [NA], apical dental f., root f;
f. ap´icis den´tis [NA] apical f. of tooth
arachnoid f. medial aperture of the fourth ventricle
f. of Arnold petrosal f
Bichat's f. cistern of great cerebral vein
blind f. of frontal bone f. cecum of frontal bone
blind f. of the tongue f. cecum of tongue
Bochdalek's f. pleuroperitoneal hiatus
Botallo's f. the orifice of communication between the two atria of the fetal heart. See also f. ovale.
f. bur´sae omenta´lis major´is a f. produced by two folds of peritoneum, that covering the common/proper hepatic artery on the right and that covering the left gastric artery on the left, which encroach upon and constrict the omental bursa; it forms a communication between the superior recess of the lesser sac which lies above it and the remainder of the omental bursa.
carotid f. the opening at each extremity of the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the external carotid f. is on the inferior surface of the pyramid; the internal is at the apex.
cecal f. of frontal bone f. cecum of frontal bone
cecal f. of the tongue f. cecum of tongue
f. cecum of frontal bone blind or cecal f. of the frontal bone; the blind f. formed immediately anterior to the crista galli by a notch at the lower end of the frontal crest and its articulation with the ethmoid bone. It is insignificant postnatally, but gives passage to vessels during development.f. cecum ossis frontalis [NA], blind f. of frontal bone, cecal f. of frontal bone;
f. ce´cum lin´guae [NA] f. cecum of tongue
f. ce´cum medul´lae oblonga´tae a small triangular depression at the lower boundary of the pons that marks the upper limit of the median fissure of the medulla oblongata.f. cecum posterius, Vicq d'Azyr's f;
f. ce´cum os´sis fronta´lis [NA] f. cecum of frontal bone
f. ce´cum poste´rius f. cecum medullae oblongatae
f. cecum of tongue a median pit on the dorsum of the posterior part of the tongue, from which the limbs of a V-shaped furrow run forward and outward; it is the site of origin of the thyroid gland and subsequent thyroglossal duct in the embryo.f. cecum linguae [NA], blind f. of the tongue, cecal f. of the tongue, Morgagni's f. (1), pleuroperitoneal f;
conjugate f. a f. formed by the notches of two bones in apposition.
f. costotransversa´rium [NA] costotransverse f
costotransverse f. an opening between the neck of a rib and the transverse process of a vertebra, occupied by the costotransverse ligament.f. costotransversarium [NA] ;
f. diaphrag´matis sel´lae a hole in the center of the diaphragm of the sella turcica giving passage to the infundibulum of the hypothalamus.
Duverney's f. epiploic f
emissary sphenoidal f. f. venosum
epiploic f. the passage, below and behind the portal hepatis, connecting the two sacs of the peritoneum; it is bounded anteriorly by the hepatoduodenal ligament and posteriorly by a peritoneal fold over the inferior vena cava.f. omentale [NA], f. epiploicum, aditus ad saccum peritonei minorem, Duverney's f., Winslow's f;
f. epiplo´icum * official alternate term for epiploic f
ethmoidal f. either of two foramina formed by grooves on either edge of the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone, and completed by similar grooves on the ethmoid bone: anterior ethmoidal f., located in an anterior position; posterior ethmoidal f. located in a posterior position.f. ethmoidale [NA] ;
f. ethmoida´le [NA] ethmoidal f
external acoustic f. opening of external acoustic meatus
external auditory f. opening of external acoustic meatus
Ferrein's f. hiatus of facial canal
frontal f. an occasional small opening in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone medial to the supraorbital foramen.f. frontale [NA] ;
f. fronta´le [NA] frontal f See also frontal notch.
great f. f. magnum
greater palatine f. an opening in the posterolateral corner of the hard palate opposite the last molar tooth, marking the lower end of the pterygopalatine canal.f. palatinum majus [NA], anterior palatine f;
Huschke's f. an opening in the floor of the bony part of the external acoustic meatus near the tympanic membrane, normally closed in the adult.
Hyrtl's f. porus crotaphytico-buccinatorius
incisive f. one of several (usually four) openings of the incisive canals into the incisive fossa.f. incisivum [NA], incisor f., Stensen's f;
f. incisi´vum [NA] incisive f
incisor f. incisive f
inferior dental f. mandibular f
infraorbital f. the external opening of the infraorbital canal, on the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla.f. infraorbitale [NA] ;
f. infraorbita´le [NA] infraorbital f
interatrial f. pri´mum 1. in the embryonic heart, the temporary opening between right and left atria situated between the lower margin of the septum primum and the atrioventricular canal cushions; 2. in an adult heart, the abnormal persistence of the so-named communication which is normal in young embryos.f. subseptale, ostium primum, primary interatrial f;
interatrial f. secun´dum a secondary opening appearing in the upper part of the septum primum in the sixth week of embryonic life, just prior to the closure of the interatrial f. primum.ostium secundum, secondary interatrial f;
internal acoustic f. opening of internal acoustic meatus
internal auditory f. opening of internal acoustic meatus
interventricular f. the short, often slitlike passage that, on both the left and right side, connects the third brain ventricle (of the diencephalon) with the lateral ventricles (of the cerebral hemispheres); the passage is bounded anteriomedially by the column of fornix and posterolaterally by the anterior pole of the thalamus.f. interventriculare [NA], Monro's f., porta (2) ;
f. interventricula´re [NA] interventricular f
intervertebral f. one of a number of openings into the vertebral canal bounded by the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae above and below, the vertebral body (mostly of the superior vertebra) and intervertebral disc anteriorly, and the articular processes forming the zygopophyseal joint posteriorly.f. intervertebrale [NA] ;
f. intervertebra´le [NA] intervertebral f
f. ischiad´icum [NA] sciatic f
jugular f. a passage between the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the jugular process of the occipital, sometimes divided into two by the intrajugular processes; it contains the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, and meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.f. jugulare [NA], f. lacerum posterius;
f. jugula´re [NA] jugular f
f. of Key-Retzius lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle
lacerated f. f. lacerum
f. lac´erum [NA] an irregular aperture, filled with cartilage (basilar cartilage) in the living, located between the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone, the body of the sphenoid, and the basilar part of the occipital bones. Several structures pass along the margins of the f. in a nearly horizontal direction but no structures pass through vertically.f. lacerum medium, lacerated f., sphenotic f;
f. lac´erum ante´rius superior orbital fissure
f. lac´erum me´dium f. lacerum
f. lac´erum poste´rius jugular f
Lannelongue's foramina foramina of the venae minimae
f. latera´lis ventric´uli quar´ti lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle
lesser palatine foramina openings on the hard palate of palatine canals passing vertically through the tuberosity of the palatine bone and transmitting the smaller palatine nerves and vessels.foramina palatina minora [NA], posterior palatine foramina;
f. of Luschka lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle
Magendie's f. medial aperture of the fourth ventricle
f. mag´num [NA] the large opening in the basal part of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord becomes continuous with the medulla oblongata.great f;
malar f. zygomaticofacial f
f. mandib´ulae [NA] mandibular f
mandibular f. the opening into the mandibular canal on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible giving passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein.f. mandibulae [NA], inferior dental f;
mastoid f. an opening at the posterior portion of the mastoid process, transmitting the mastoid branch of the occipital artery to the dura and an emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus.f. mastoideum [NA] ;
f. mastoi´deum [NA] mastoid f
mental f. the anterior opening of the mandibular canal on the body of the mandible lateral to and above the mental tubercle giving passage to the mental artery and nerve.f. mentale [NA], mental canal;
f. menta´le [NA] mental f
Monro's f. interventricular f
Morgagni's f. 1. f. cecum of tongue 2. congenital defect in the fusion of sternal and costal elements of the diaphragmatic anlage that is the site of a parasternal hernia.parasternal hernia;
nasal f. vascular f. opening on the outer surface of each nasal bone.
foram´ina nervo´sa [NA] the perforations along the tympanic lip of the spiral lamina giving passage to the cochlear nerves.habenulae perforata, zona perforata;
f. nutric´ium [NA] nutrient f
nutrient f. the external opening of the nutrient canal in a bone.f. nutricium [NA] ;
obturator f. a large, oval or irregularly triangular aperture in the hip bone, the margins of which are formed by the pubis and the ischium; it is closed in the natural state by the obturator membrane, except for a small opening for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve.f. obturatum [NA] ;
f. obtura´tum [NA] obturator f
olfactory f. one of the openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, transmitting the olfactory nerves.
f. omentale [NA] epiploic f
optic f. optic canal
f. op´ticum optic canal
f. ova´le , oval f. 1. [NA] in the fetal heart, the oval opening in the septum secundum; the persistent part of the septum primum acts as a valve for this interatrial communication during fetal life and normally postnatally becomes fused to the septum secundum to close it; 2. [NA] a large oval opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the mandibular nerve and a small meningeal artery; 3. valvular incompetence of the f. ovale of the heart; a condition contrasting with probe patency of the f. ovale in that the valvula foraminis ovalis has abnormal perforations in it, or is of insufficient size to afford adequate valvular action at the f. ovale prenatally, or effect a complete closure postnatally.
foram´ina palati´na mino´ra [NA] lesser palatine foramina
f. palati´num ma´jus [NA] greater palatine f
foram´ina papilla´ria re´nis [NA] papillary foramina of kidney
papillary foramina of kidney numerous minute openings, the apertures of the papillary ducts converging on the apical pole of each renal papilla.foramina papillaria renis [NA] ;
parietal f. an inconstant f. in the parietal bone occasionally found bilaterally near the sagittal margin posteriorly; when present it transmits an emissary vein to the superior sagittal sinus.f. parietale [NA] ;
f. parieta´le [NA] parietal f
petrosal f. an occasional opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, between the f. spinosum and f. ovale, which transmits the lesser petrosal nerve.f. petrosum [NA], canaliculus innominatus, f. of Arnold;
f. petro´sum [NA] petrosal f
pleuroperitoneal f. f. cecum of tongue
posterior condyloid f. condylar canal
posterior palatine foramina lesser palatine foramina
postglenoid f. a small f. that is sometimes present in the temporal bone immediately in front of the external acoustic meatus.
primary interatrial f. interatrial f. primum
f. proces´sus transver´si [NA] transverse f
f. quadra´tum vena caval f
Retzius' f. lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle
root f. apical f. of tooth
f. rotun´dum [NA] an opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the maxillary nerve.round f;
round f. f. rotundum
sacral f. one of the openings between the fused sacral vertebrae transmitting the sacral nerves. The anterior sacral foramina transmit ventral primary rami of the sacral nerves. The posterior sacral foramina give passage to dorsal primary rami of the sacral nerves.f. sacrale [NA] ;
f. sacra´le [NA] sacral f
Scarpa's foramina two openings in the line of the intermaxillary suture; the anterior f. transmits the left nasopalatine nerve, the posterior the right.
sciatic f. either of two foramina formed by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments crossing the sciatic notches of the hip bone: greater sciatic f. and lesser sciatic f.f. ischiadicum [NA] ;
secondary interatrial f. interatrial f. secundum
f. singula´re [NA] solitary f
foramina of the smallest veins of heart foramina of the venae minimae
solitary f. a f. in the internal acoustic meatus, posterior to the cochlear area, that transmits the nerves to the ampulla of the posterior semicircular duct.f. singulare [NA] ;
sphenopalatine f. the f. formed from the sphenopalatine notch of the palatine bone in articulation with the sphenoid bone; it transmits the sphenopalatine artery and accompanying nerves.f. sphenopalatinum [NA] ;
f. sphenopalati´num [NA] sphenopalatine f
sphenotic f. f. lacerum
f. spino´sum [NA] an opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, anterior to the spine of the sphenoid, transmitting the middle meningeal artery.
Stensen's f. incisive f
stylomastoid f. the distal or external opening of the facial canal on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the styloid and mastoid processes; it transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery.f. stylomastoideum [NA] ;
f. stylomastoid´eum [NA] stylomastoid f
f. subsepta´le interatrial f. primum
supraorbital f. a f. in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone at the junction of the medial and intermediate thirds.f. supraorbitale [NA] ;
f. supraorbita´le [NA] supraorbital f See also supraorbital notch.
thebesian foramina foramina of the venae minimae
thyroid f. an opening occasionally existing in one or both of the plates of the thyroid cartilage.f. thyroideum [NA] ;
f. thyroid´eum [NA] thyroid f
f. transversa´rium [NA] transverse f
transverse f. f. processus transversus.f. processus transversi [NA], f. transversarium [NA], f. vertebroarterialis [NA], f. of transverse process, vertebroarterial f;
f. of transverse process transverse f
f. of vena cava vena caval f
vena caval f. an opening in the right lobe of the central tendon of the diaphragm which transmits the inferior vena cava and branches of the right phrenic nerve.f. venae cavae [NA], f. of vena cava, f. quadratum;
f. ve´nae ca´vae [NA] vena caval f
foramina of the venae minimae a number of fossae in the wall of the right atrium, containing the openings of minute intramural veins.foramina venarum minimarum cordis [NA], foramina of the smallest veins of heart, Lannelongue's foramina, thebesian foramina, Vieussens' foramina;
foram´ina vena´rum minima´rum cordis [NA] foramina of the venae minimae
f. veno´sum [NA] a minute inconstant f. in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, anterior and medial to the f. ovale, transmitting a small emissary vein from the cavernous sinus.emissary sphenoidal f., venous f., Vesalius' f;
venous f. f. venosum
vertebral f. the f. formed by the union of the vertebral arch with the body; in the articulated vertebral column, the vertebral f. collectively form the vertebral column.f. vertebrale [NA] ;
f. vertebra´le [NA] vertebral f
vertebroarterial f. transverse f
f. vertebroarteria´lis [NA] transverse f
Vesalius' f. f. venosum
Vicq d'Azyr's f. f. cecum medullae oblongatae
Vieussens' foramina foramina of the venae minimae
Weitbrecht's f. an opening in the articular capsule of the shoulder joint, communicating with the subtendinous bursa of the subscapularis muscle.
Winslow's f. epiploic f
zygomaticofacial f. the opening on the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone below the orbital margin that transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve.f. zygomaticofaciale [NA], malar f;
f. zygomaticofacia´le [NA] zygomaticofacial f
zygomatico-orbital f. the common opening on the orbital surface of the zygomatic bone of the canals transmitting the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves; sometimes each of these canals has a separate opening on the orbital surface.f. zygomatico-orbitale [NA] ;
f. zygomat´ico-orbita´le [NA] zygomatico-orbital f
zygomaticotemporal f. the opening, on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone, of the canal that gives passage to the zygomaticotemporal nerve.f. zygomaticotemporale [NA] ;
f. zygomat´icotempora´le [NA] zygomaticotemporal f

foramina foramina (fo-ram´i-na)

Plural of foramen.

Foraminifera Foraminifera (fo-ram-i-nif´er-a, for´a-mi-nif´er-a)

A subclass of Rhizopoda possessing anastomosing pseudopodia; these form a network around the cell which usually develops into a complex calcareous shell; an important component of the ocean bottom and of rockbeds overlying oil deposits. [L. foramen, aperture, + fero, to carry]

foraminiferous foraminiferous (fo-ram-i-nif´er-us, for´a-mi-nif´er-us)

1. Possessing openings or foramina. 2. Relating to the Foraminifera.

foraminotomy foraminotomy (for´am-i-not´o-me)

An operation upon an aperture, usually to open it, e.g., surgical enlargement of the intervertebral foramen. [L. foramen, aperture, + G. tome, a cutting]

foraminulum foraminulum, pl. foraminula (for´a-min´yu-lum, yu-la)

A very minute foramen. [Mod. L. dim. of foramen]

Forbes Forbes

Gilbert B., U.S. pediatrician, *1915. See F.'s disease.

Forbes Forbes

Thomas R. See Hooker-F. test.

Forbes Forbes

A.P., 20th century U.S. physician. See F.-Albright syndrome.

force (F) force (F) (fors)

That which tends to produce motion in a body. [L. fortis, strong]
animal f. muscular power.
chewing f. masticatory f
dynamic f. energy
electromotive f. (EMF) the f. (measured in volts) that causes the flow of electricity from one point to another.
G f. inertial f. produced by accelerations or gravity, expressed in gravitational units; one G is equal to the pull of gravity at the earth's surface at sea level and 45° North latitude (32.1725 ft/sec²; 980.621 cm/sec²). See also gamma.
London f.'s van der Waals' f.'s
f. of mastication the motive f. created by the dynamic action of the muscles during the physiologic act of mastication.biting strength, masticatory f;
masticatory f. f. of masticationchewing f;
nerve f. , nervous f. obsolete terms denoting the property of nerve tissue to conduct stimuli.
occlusal f. the result of muscular f. applied on opposing teeth.
psychic f. psychic energy
reciprocal f.'s in dentistry, f.'s whereby the resistance of one or more teeth is utilized to move one or more opposing teeth.
reserve f. the energy residing in the organism or any of its parts above that required for its normal functioning.
van der Waals' f.'s first postulated by van der Waals in 1873 to explain deviations from ideal gas behavior seen in real gases; the attractive f.'s between atoms or molecules other than electrostatic (ionic), covalent (sharing of electrons), or hydrogen bonding (sharing a proton); generally ascribed to dipolar and dispersion effects, pi-electrons, etc.; these relatively nondescript f.'s contribute to the mutual attraction of organic molecules.London f.'s;
vital f. See vitalism.

force platform force platform

A device used to measure the strength, symmetry, and latency of compensatory postural movements when visual, vestibular, and somatosensory stimuli are varied.

forceps forceps (for´seps)

1. An instrument for seizing a structure, and making compression or traction. Cf. clamp. 2. [NA] Bands of white fibers in the brain, major f. and minor f. [L. a pair of tongs]
Adson f. a small thumb f. with two teeth on one tip and one tooth on the other.
alligator f. a long f. with a small hinged jaw on the end.
Allis f. a straight grasping f. with serrated jaws, used to forcibly grasp or retract tissues or structures.
f. anterior minor f
Arruga's f. f. for the intracapsular extraction of a cataract.
arterial f. a locking f. with sloping blades for grasping the end of a blood vessel until a ligature is applied.
axis-traction f. obstetrical f. provided with a second handle so attached that traction can be made in the line in which the head must move in the axis of the pelvis.
Barton's f. an obstetrical f. with one fixed curved blade and a hinged anterior blade for application to a high transverse head.
bayonet f. f. with offset blades, such as those for use through an otoscope.
bone f. a strong f. used for seizing or removing fragments of bone.
Brown-Adson f. an Adson f. with about 16 delicate teeth on each tip.
bulldog f. a f. for occluding a blood vessel.
bullet f. a f. with thin curved blades with serrated grasping surfaces, for extracting a bullet from tissues.
capsule f. f. used for removing the capsule of the lens in extracapsular extraction of a cataract.
Chamberlen f. the original obstetrical f., without a curvature.
clamp f. a f. with pronged jaws designed to engage the jaws of a rubber dam clamp so that they may be separated to pass over the widest buccolingual contour of a tooth.rubber dam clamp f;
clip f. a small f. with spring catch to hold a bleeding vessel.
cup biopsy f. a slender flexible f. with movable cup-shaped jaws, used to obtain biopsy specimens by introduction through a specially designed endoscope.
cutting f. labitome
DeBakey f. nontraumatic f. used to pick up blood vessels.
dental f. f. used to luxate teeth and remove them from the alveolus.extracting f;
dressing f. a f. for general use in dressing wounds, removing fragments of necrosed tissue, small foreign bodies, etc.
Evans f. a thumb f. with points designed to resemble a needle holder, used to grasp curved needles during various suture procedures.
extracting f. dental f
Graefe f. a small thumb f. with one horizontal row of six or eight delicate teeth across each tip.
hemostatic f. a f. with a catch for locking the blades, used for seizing the end of a blood vessel to control hemorrhage.
jeweller's f. a small thumb f. with very fine pointed blades, used to grasp tissues in microsurgical procedures.
Kjelland's f. an obstetrical f. having a sliding lock, and little pelvic curve.
Lahey f. thyroid f. used to deliver the uterus in vaginohysterectomy.
Laplace's f. a f. for approximating intestines during surgical anastomosis.
Levret's f. a modification of the Chamberlen f., curved to correspond to the curve of the parturient passage.
lion-jaw bone-holding f. a sturdy f. with strong sharp teeth in the jaws, used for holding bone fragments.
Löwenberg's f. f. with short curved blades ending in rounded grasping extremities devised for the removal of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx.
f. ma´jor [NA] major f
major f. occipital radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fiber radiation of the corpus callosum which bends sharply backward into the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.f. major [NA], f. posterior, occipital part of corpus callosum, pars occipitalis corporis callosi;
f. mi´nor [NA] minor f
minor f. frontal radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fiber radiation of the corpus callosum which bends forward toward the frontal pole of the cerebrum.f. minor [NA], f. anterior, frontal part of corpus callosum, pars frontalis corporis callosi;
mosquito f. mosquito clamp
mouse-tooth f. a f. with one or two fine points at the tip of each blade, fitting into hollows between the points on the opposite blade.
needle f. needle-holder
nonfenestrated f. obstetrical f. without openings in the blades, thus facilitating rotation of the head.
obstetrical f. f. used for grasping and applying traction to or for rotation of the fetal head; the blades are introduced separately into the genital canal, permitting the fetal head to be grasped firmly but with minimal compression, and then are articulated after being placed in correct position.
O'Hara f. two slender clamp f.'s held together by a serrefine, once used in intestinal anastomosis; now obsolete.
Piper's f. obstetrical f. used to facilitate delivery of the head in breech presentation.
f. poste´rior major f
Randall stone f. a f. with variably curved slender blades and serrated jaws, used to extract calculi from the renal pelvis or calices.
rubber dam clamp f. clamp f
Simpson's f. an obstetrical f.
speculum f. a tubular f. for use through a speculum.
Tarnier's f. a type of axis-traction f.
tenaculum f. a f. with jaws armed each with a sharp, straight hook like a tenaculum.
thumb f. a spring f. used by compression with thumb and forefinger.
tubular f. a long slender f. intended for use through a cannula or other tubular instrument.
Tucker-McLean f. a type of axis-traction f.
vulsella f. , vulsellum f. a f. with hooks at the tip of each blade.volsella, vulsella, vulsellum;
Willett's f. obsolete term for a traction f. used to treat placenta previa by pulling the fetal head down against the placenta.

Forchheimer Forchheimer

Frederick, U.S. physician, 1853-1913. See F.'s sign.

forcipate forcipate (for´si-pat)

Shaped like a forceps.

forcipressure forcipressure (for´si-presh-ur)

A method of arresting hemorrhage by compressing a blood vessel with forceps.

Fordyce Fordyce

John A., U.S. dermatologist, 1858-1925. See F.'s angiokeratoma, disease, granules, under granule, spots, under spot; Fox-F. disease.

forearm forearm (for´arm)

The segment of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.antebrachium [NA] ;

forebrain forebrain (for´bran)

prosencephalon

foreconscious foreconscious (for´kon-shus)

Denoting memories, not at present in the consciousness, which can be evoked from time to time, or an unconscious mental process which becomes conscious only on the fulfillment of certain conditions. Cf. preconscious.

forefinger forefinger (for´fing´ger)

index finger

forefoot forefoot (for´fut)

A front foot of a quadruped.

foregut foregut (for´gut)

The cephalic portion of the primitive digestive tube in the embryo. From its endoderm arises the epithelial lining of the pharynx, trachea, lungs, esophagus, and stomach, the first part and cranial half of the second part of the duodenum, and the parenchyma of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.headgut;

forehead forehead (for´ed, for´hed)

The part of the face between the eyebrows and the hairy scalp.frons [NA], brow (2) ;
olympian f. the abnormally prominent, high, and broad f. in hereditary syphilis.

forekidney forekidney (for´kid-ne)

pronephros

Forel Forel

Auguste H., Swiss neurologist, 1848-1931. See F.'s decussation; fields of F., under field; tegmental fields of F. under field.

forelock forelock (fo´lok)

The lock of hair that grows just above the forehead.
white forelock a triangular or diamond-shaped depigmented macule with white hairs, usually located in the anterior midline of the scalp, seen in piebaldism.

foremilk foremilk (for´milk)

colostrum

forensic forensic (fo-ren´sik)

Pertaining or applicable to personal injury, murder, and other legal proceedings. [L. forensis, of a forum]

foreplay foreplay (for´pla)

Stimulative sexual activity preceding sexual intercourse.

forepleasure forepleasure (for´plezh´er, pla´zher)

Sexual pleasure resulting from the foreplay that precedes the genital-orgastic pleasure in sexual intercourse.

foreskin foreskin (for´skin)

prepuce

Forestier Forestier

Jacques, French rheumatologist, *1890. See F.'s disease.

forestomach forestomach (for´stum´uk)

antrum cardiacum

forewaters forewaters (for´wah-terz)

Colloquialism for the bulging fluid-filled amniotic membrane presenting in front of the fetal head.

forgetting forgetting

Being unable to retrieve or recall information that was once registered, learned, and stored in short- or long-term memory.

fork fork (fork)

1. A pronged instrument used for holding or lifting. 2. An instrument resembling a f. in that it has tines or prongs.
bite f. face-bow f
face-bow f. that part of the face-bow assemblage used to attach the maxillary trial base to the face-bow proper.bite f;
tuning f. a steel or magnesium-alloy instrument roughly resembling a two-pronged f., the vibrations of the prongs of which, when struck, give a musical note of restricted band width; used to test the hearing and vibratory sensation.

form form (form)

Shape; mold. [L. forma]
accolé f.'s (ak-ola´) appliqué f.'s
appliqué f.'s (ap-li-ka´) a term applied to the manner in which the ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum parasitizes the marginal portion of erythrocytes.accolé f.'s;
arch f. the shape and contour of the dental arch, or of an orthodontic wire formed to the shape of that arch.
boat f. the less stable of two conformations assumed by 6-membered cyclic sugars (pyranoses) or cyclohexane derivatives, as opposed to chair f. See also Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
cavity preparation f. the configuration or shape of a cavity preparation.
chair f. the more stable of two conformations assumed by 6-membered cyclic sugars (e.g., the pyranoses) or cyclohexane derivatives, as opposed to boat f. See also Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
convenience f. the changes needed outside the basic outline f. to enable proper instrumentation for the cavity preparation and insertion of a dental restoration.
extension f. the extension of the cavity preparation outline f. to include areas of incipient carious lesions; this extension provides a dental restoration with margins that are self-cleansing or easily cleaned.
face f. 1. the outline f. of the face; 2. the outline f. of the face from an anterior view.
half-chair f. See Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
involution f. an irregular or atypical bacterial cell produced as a result of exposure to unfavorable conditions.
L f. See L-phase variants, under variant.
occlusal f. the f. of the occlusal surface of a tooth or a row of teeth.occlusal pattern;
outline f. the shape of the area of the tooth surface included within the cavosurface margins of the cavity preparation of a dental restoration.
posterior tooth f. the distinguishing contours of the occlusal surface of the various posterior teeth.
replicative f. (RF) 1. an intermediate stage in the replication of either DNA or RNA viral genomes that is usually double stranded; 2. the altered, double-stranded f. to which single-stranded coliphage DNA is converted after infection of a susceptible bacterium, formation of the complementary ("minus") strand being mediated by enzymes that were present in the bacterium before entrance of the viral ("plus") strand.
resistance f. the shape given to a cavity preparation that enables the dental restoration to withstand masticatory forces.
retention f. the shape of a cavity preparation that prevents displacement of the dental restoration by lateral or tipping forces as well as masticatory forces.
sickle f. malarial crescent
skew f. See Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
tooth f. the characteristics of the curves, lines, angles, and contours of various teeth which permit their identification and differentiation.
twist f. See Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
wave f. the f. of a pulse; e.g., an arterial pressure or displacement wave; or of the pacemaker pulse as demonstrated on the oscilloscope under a specified load.waveshape;
wax f. wax pattern

-form -form

In the form, shape of; equivalent to -oid. See morpho-. [L. -formis]

Formad Formad

Henry, U.S. physician, 1847-1892. See F.'s kidney.

formaldehyde formaldehyde (for-mal´de-hId)

A pungent gas, HCHO; used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and histologic fixative.formic aldehyde, methyl aldehyde; [form(ic) + aldehyde]
active f. 1. a hydroxymethyl derivative of tetrahydrofolate or thiamin pyrophosphate; 2. N⁵,N¹⁰-methylenetetrahydrofo late.

formalin formalin (for´ma-lin)

A 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.formol;

formalinize formalinize (for-ma-li-nIz)

To add formalin solution to inactivate vaccines without destroying their immunizing power.

formamidase formamidase (for-mam´i-das)

An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of n-formyl-l-kynurenine to l-kynurenine and formate, a reaction of significance in l-tryptophan catabolism.formylase, kynurenine formamidase;

5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboximide ribotide 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboximide ribotide

An intermediate in purine biosynthesis.

formate formate (for´mat)

A salt or ester of formic acid; i.e., the monovalent radical HCOO- or the anion HCOO^-.
active f. N¹⁰-formyltetrahydrofolate or an equivalent oxidation product of tetrahydrofolate.

formatio formatio, pl. formationes (for-ma´she-o, -o´nez) [NA]

1. formation 2. A structure of definite shape or cellular arrangement. [L. fr. formo, pp. -atus, to form]
f. hippocampa´lis hippocampal formation. See hippocampus.
f. reticula´ris [NA] reticular formation

formation formation (for-ma´shun)

1. A formation; a structure of definite shape or cellular arrangement. 2. That which is formed. 3. The act of giving form and shape.formatio (1) [NA] ;
concept f. in psychology, the learning to conceive and respond in terms of abstract ideas based upon an action or object.
personality f. the life history associated with the development of individual patterns and of one's individuality.
reaction f. in psychoanalysis, a postulated defense mechanism in which attitudes and behaviors that are adopted are the opposites of that which the individual would ordinarily be expected to express and actually feel at an unconscious level.
reticular f. (RF) a massive but vaguely delimited neural apparatus composed of closely intermingled gray and white matter and extending throughout the central core of the brainstem into the diencephalon; the term refers to the large neuronal population of the brainstem that does not compose motoneuronal cell groups or cell groups forming part of specific sensory conduction systems; its neurons generally have long dendrites and heterogeneous afferent connections, the reason why the f. is often called "nonspecific"; the reticular f. has complex, largely polysynaptic ascending and descending connections that play a role in the central control of autonomic (respiration, blood pressure, thermoregulation, etc.) and endocrine functions, as well as in bodily posture, skeletomuscular reflex activity, and general behavioral states such as alertness and sleep.formatio reticularis [NA], reticular substance (2), substantia reticularis (2) ;
rouleaux f. the arrangement of red blood cells in fluid blood (or in diluted suspensions) with their biconcave surfaces in apposition, thereby forming groups that resemble stacks of coins.false agglutination (2), pseudoagglutination (2) ; [Fr. pl. of rouleau, a roll]
symptom f. symptom substitution

formationes formationes (for-ma´she-o´nez)

Plural of formatio.

formazan formazan (for´ma-zan)

A water-insoluble colored compound of the general structure, RNH-N=CR´-N=NR", formed by reduction of a tetrazolium salt in the histochemical demonstration of oxidative enzymes; the R's are usually phenyl groups; examples include neotetrazolium, blue tetrazolium, and nitro blue tetrazolium.

formboard formboard (form´bord)

A board containing cut-outs in various shapes, into which blocks of corresponding shape are to be fitted; a neuropsychological test of which the Tactual Performance Test of the Halstead-Reitan Battery is an example. See Halstead-Reitan battery.

forme fruste forme fruste, pl. formes frustes (form´ frust´)

A partial, arrested, or inapparent form of disease. [Fr. unfinished form]

formic formic (for´mik)

1. Pertaining to f. acid. 2. Relating to ants. [L. formica, ant]

formic acid formic acid

HCOOH;the smallest carboxylic acid; a strong caustic, used as an astringent and counterirritant.

formic aldehyde formic aldehyde

formaldehyde

formication formication (for-mi-ka´shun)

A form of paresthesia or tactile hallucination; a sensation as if small insects are creeping under the skin. [L. formica, ant]

formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) (for-mim´i-no-glu-tam´ik)

HN=CH-NH-CH(COOH)CH₂CH₂COOH;an intermediate metabolite in l-histidine catabolism in the conversion of l-histidine to l-glutamic acid, with the formimino group being transferred to tetrahydrofolic acid; it may appear in the urine of patients with folic acid or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, or liver disease.

N-formiminotetrahydrofolate N-formiminotetrahydrofolate (for-mim´i-no-tet´ra-hI-dro-fo´lat)

A derivative of one-carbon tetrahydrofolate formed via l-histidine catabolism.

formocresol formocresol (for-mo-kre´sol)

An aqueous solution containing cresol, formaldehyde, and glycerine, used in vital primary teeth needing coronal pulpotomy.

formol formol (for´mol)

formalin

formosulfathiazole formosulfathiazole (for´mo-sul-fa-thI´a-zol)

N¹-(2-Thiazolyl)sulfanilamide condensation product with formaldehyde;an antimicrobial agent for treatment of intestinal infections.

formula formula, pl. formulas formulae (for´myu-la, -laz, -le)

1. A recipe or prescription containing directions for the compounding of a medicinal preparation. 2. In chemistry, a symbol or collection of symbols expressing the number of atoms of the element or elements forming one molecule of a substance, together with, on occasion, information concerning the arrangement of the atoms within the molecule, their electronic structure, their charge, the nature of the bonds within the molecule, etc. 3. An expression by symbols and numbers of the normal order or arrangement of parts or structures. [L. dim. of forma, form]
Arneth f. the normal, approximate ratio of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, based on the number of lobes in the nuclei, as follows: 1 lobe, 5%; 2 lobes, 35%; 3 lobes, 41%; 4 lobes, 17%; 5 lobes, 2%.
Bazett's f. a f. for correcting the observed Q-T interval in the electrocardiogram for cardiac rate: corrected Q-T = Q-T sec/ R - R sec.
Bernhardt's f. a f. used to calculate the ideal weight, in kilograms, for an adult; it is the height in centimeters times the chest circumference in centimeters divided by 240.
Black's f. a translation of Pignet's f. into British measurements: F = (W + C) - H; F is the empirical factor, W is the weight in pounds, C the chest girth in inches at full inspiration, and H the height in inches; a man is classed as very strong when F is over 120, strong between 110 and 120, good 100 to 110, fair 90 to 100, weak 80 to 90, very weak under 80.
Broca's f. a fully developed man (30 years old) should weigh as many kilograms as he is centimeters in height over and above 1 meter.
chemical f. a statement of the structure of a molecule expressed in chemical symbols.
Christison's f. Häser's f
constitutional f. structural f
Demoivre's f. an obsolete f. for calculating life expectancy.
dental f. a statement in tabular form of the number of each kind of teeth in the jaw; the dental f. for man is, for the deciduous teeth: for the permanent teeth:
Dreyer's f. an obsolete f. indicating relationship between vital capacity and body surface area.
DuBois' f. a f. for predicting a man's surface area from weight and height: A = 71.84W^0.425 H^0.725, where A = surface area in cm², W = weight in kg, and H = height in cm.
electrical f. a graphic representation by means of symbols of the reaction of a muscle to an electrical stimulus.
empirical f. in chemistry, a f. indicating the kind and number of atoms in the molecules of a substance, or its composition, but not the relation of the atoms to each other or the intimate structure of the molecule.molecular f;
Fischer's projection formulas See Fischer projection formulas of sugars.
Flesch f. a method of determining the difficulty of a written passage by a formulation that provides an estimate of how many people in the U.S. would be able to read and understand the passage; used in determining patient comprehension of hospital consent forms.
Florschütz' f. the correct relation of height to the abdominal circumference: L: (2B - L), L representing the individual's height, and B the circumference of the abdomen; the normal value so determined would be 5, and any below that would indicate obesity.
Gorlin f. a f. for calculating the area of the orifice of a cardiac valve, based on flow across the valve and the mean pressures in the chambers on either side of the valve.
graphic f. structural f
Hamilton-Stewart f. Hamilton-Stewart method
Häser's f. a f. to determine the number of grams of urinary solids per liter, obtained by multiplying 2.33 by the last two figures of the specific gravity of the urine.Christison's f., Trapp's f., Trapp-Häser f;
Haworth perspective and conformational formulas See Haworth perspective formulas of cyclic sugars.
Jellinek f. a method of estimating the prevalence of alcoholism in a nation's population, based on the assumption that a predictable proportion of persons addicted to alcohol die of cirrhosis of the liver.
Ledermann f. a f. to calculate alcohol dependancy levels. Ledermann showed empirically that the distribution of alcohol consumption in a population is log normal; the formula used this observation to estimate the prevalence of various degrees of alcohol dependency. Some questions have been raised about the validity of Ledermann's observations.
Long's f. a f. for estimating from the specific gravity of a specimen of urine the approximate amount of solids in grams per liter; the last two figures of the value for specific gravity are multiplied by 2.6.Long's coefficient;
Mall's f. a f. for determining the age (in days) of a human embryo; calculated as the square root of its length (measured from vertex to breech) in millimeters multiplied by 100.
Meeh f. Meeh-Dubois f
Meeh-Dubois f. a f. for predicting surface area, assuming that it is proportional to the 2 / 3 power of the body weight.Meeh f;
molecular f. empirical f
official f. a f. contained in the Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary.
Pignet's f. See Black's f.
Poisson-Pearson f. a f. to determine the statistical error in calculating the endemic index of malaria: let N = total number of children under 15 years in a locality; n = total number examined for the spleen-rate; x = number found with enlarged spleen; (x/n)100 = spleen-rate; e% = percentage of error; the percentage error will be, by this f.:
Ranke's f. A = grams of albumin per liter of a serous fluid: then, A = (sp. gr. - 1000) x 0.52 - 5.406.
rational f. in chemistry, a f. that indicates the constitution as well as the composition of a substance.
Reuss' f. a means of estimating the approximate amount of albumin in a transudate or exudate; 3 / 8 (sp. gr. - 1.000) - 2.8 results in a value that is a practicable indication of the percentage of albumin in the fluid.
Runeberg's f. a f. for estimating the percentage of albumin in a serous fluid, similar to Reuss' f. except that, instead of 2.8, 2.73 is subtracted in the instance of a transudate, and 2.88 in that of an inflammatory exudate.
spatial f. stereochemical f
stereochemical f. a chemical f. in which the arrangement of the atoms or atomic groupings in space are indicated.spatial f;
structural f. a f. in which the connections of the atoms and groups of atoms, as well as their kind and number, are indicated.constitutional f., graphic f;
Toronto f. for pulmonary artery banding a technique that provides a general guide for the size of the band relative to the patient's weight.
Trapp-Häser f. Häser's f
Trapp's f. Häser's f
Van Slyke's f. standard urea clearance
vertebral f. a f. indicating the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column; for man it is C. 7, T. 12, L. 5, S. 5, Co. 4 = 33, the letters standing for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

formulary formulary (for´myu-la-re)

A collection of formulas for the compounding of medicinal preparations. See National Formulary, Pharmacopeia.
hospital f. a continually revised compilation of approved pharmaceuticals, plus important ancillary information, that reflects the current clinical judgment of the institution's medical staff.

formyl (f) formyl (f) (for´mil)

The radical, HCO-.
active f. the f. group taking part in transformylation reactions with a folic acid derivative in the role of carrier.
formyl-methionyl-f. initiation tRNA

formylase formylase (for´mi-las)

formamidase

N-formylglycinamide ribotide (FGAR) N-formylglycinamide ribotide (FGAR)

An intermediate in purine biosynthesis.

N-formylkynurenine N-formylkynurenine (en-for´mil-ki-nur´e-nen)

The product of the oxidative cleavage of the indole ring in l-tryptophan; the intermediate first formed in l-tryptophan catabolism.

formylmethionine (fMet) formylmethionine (fMet) (for´mil-me-thI´o-nen)

Methionine acylated on the NH₂ group by a formyl (-CHO) group. This is the starting amino acid residue for virtually all bacterial polypeptides. See also initiating codon.N-formylmethionine;

N-formylmethionine N-formylmethionine

formylmethionine

formylmethionyl-tRNA formylmethionyl-tRNA

Initiation tRNA in certain organisms.

N10-formyltetrahydrofolate N¹⁰-formyltetrahydrofolate

A formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolate that serves as a one-carbon source in metabolism.

Forney Forney

William R., U.S. pediatrician, *1931.

fornicate fornicate (for´ni-kat)

1. Vaulted or arched; resembling a fornix. [L. fornicatus, arched, fr. fornix, vault, arch] 2. To have sexual intercourse. [see fornication]

fornication fornication (for-ni-ka´shun)

Sexual intercourse, especially between unmarried partners. [L. fornicatio, an arched or vaulted basement (brothel)]

fornices fornices (for´ni-sez)

Plural of fornix.

fornix fornix, gen. fornicis, pl. fornices (for´niks, -ni-sis, -ni-sez)

1. [NA] In general, an arch-shaped structure; often the arch-shaped roof (or roof portion) of an anatomical space. 2. [NA] The compact, white fiber bundle by which the hippocampus of each cerebral hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the septum, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and mamillary body. Arising from pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn, the fibers of the f. form the alveus hippocampi and the fimbria hippocampi, and in their further course compose, sequentially, the crus fornicis, body of fornix, commissura fornicis, and column of fornix; the f. fibers to the septum issue from the upper part of the column of fornix, passing in part anterior to the anterior commissure as the precommissural f., while all others follow the compact postcommissural f. bundle to the anterior thalamic nucleus and mamillary body.trigonum cerebrale; cerebral trigone; [L. arch, vault]
f. conjuncti´vae [NA] conjunctival f
conjunctival f. the space formed by the junction of the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva, that of the upper lid being the f. conjunctivae superior and that of the lower lid the f. conjunctivae inferior.f. conjunctivae [NA], conjunctival cul-de-sac, retrotarsal fold;
f. of the lacrimal sac fornix of the lacrimal sac; the upper, blind end of the lacrimal sac that extends above the openings of the lacrimal canaliculi.f. sacci lacrimalis [NA] ;
pharyngeal f. the non-muscular upper end of the nasopharynx where the pharyngeal mucosa is firmly applied to the body of the sphenoid bone and to pharyngobasilar fascia.f. pharyngis [NA] ;
f. pharyn´gis [NA] pharyngeal f
f. sac´ci lacrima´lis [NA] f. of the lacrimal sac
transverse f. commissura fornicis
f. u´teri vaginal f
f. vagi´nae [NA] vaginal f
vaginal f. the recess at the vault of the vagina; it is divided into an anterior part, posterior part, and lateral part with respect to its relation to the cervix of the uterus. The posterior part is clinically significant as the site for culdocentesis and culdoscopy. The proximity of the ureter (below) and the uterine artery (above) adjacent to the lateral fornix is important clinically.f. vaginae [NA], f. uteri;

Forssman Forssman

John, Swedish bacteriologist and pathologist, 1868-1947. See F. antibody, antigen, reaction, antigen-antibody reaction.

Forssman Forssman

Hans, Swedish physician, *1912. See Börjeson-F.-Lehmann syndrome.

Förster Förster

Richard, German ophthalmologist, 1825-1902. See F.'s uveitis.

foscarnet foscarnet (fos-kar´net)

Trisodium phosphonoformate;a pyrophosphate analogue antiviral drug.

Fosdick Fosdick

Leonard S., U.S. chemist, *1903. See F.-Hansen-Epple test.

Foshay Foshay

Lee, U.S. bacteriologist, 1896-1961. See F. test.

fossa fossa, gen and pl. fossae (fos´a, fos´e) [NA]

A depression usually more or less longitudinal in shape below the level of the surface of a part. [L. a trench or ditch]
acetabular f. a depressed area in the floor of the acetabulum superior to the acetabular notch.f. acetabuli [NA] ;
f. acetab´uli [NA] acetabular f
adipose fossae subcutaneous spaces containing accumulations of fat in the breast.
amygdaloid f. tonsillar f
anconal f. olecranon f
anterior cranial f. the portion of the internal base of the skull, anterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus, in which the frontal lobes of the brain rest.f. cranii anterior [NA], anterior cranial base;
f. anthel´icis [NA] f. of anthelix
f. of anthelix the depression on the medial surface of the auricle that corresponds to the anthelix.f. anthelicis [NA], periconchal sulcus;
articular f. of temporal bone mandibular f
f. axilla´ris [NA] axilla
axillary f. axilla
Bichat's f. pterygopalatine f
Biesiadecki's f. iliacosubfascial f
Broesike's f. parajejunal f
f. cani´na [NA] canine f
canine f. a depression on the anterior surface of the maxilla below the infraorbital foramen and on the lateral side of the canine eminence.f. canina [NA] ;
f. carot´ica carotid triangle
cerebellar f. the large concave impressions on the inner surface of the occipital bone on either side of the foramen magnum and internal occipital crest, housing the cerebellar hemispheres; a part of the posterior cranial f.
Claudius' f. ovarian f
condylar f. a depression behind the condyle of the occipital bone in which the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas lies in extension.f. condylaris [NA] ;
f. condyla´ris [NA] condylar f
coronoid f. of humerus a hollow on the anterior surface of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed.f. coronoidea humeri [NA] ;
f. coronoi´dea humeri [NA] coronoid f. of humerus
f. cra´nii ante´rior [NA] anterior cranial f
f. cra´nii me´dia [NA] middle cranial f
f. cra´nii poste´rior [NA] posterior cranial f
crural f. femoral f
Cruveilhier's f. scaphoid f. (1)
cubital f. the f. in front of the elbow, bounded laterally and medially by the humeral origins of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, respectively, and superiorly by an imaginary line connecting the humeral condyles.f. cubitalis [NA], antecubital space, chelidon, triangle of elbow;
f. cubita´lis [NA] cubital f
digastric f. a hollow on the posterior surface of the base of the mandible, on either side of the median plane, giving attachment to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.f. digastrica [NA] ;
f. digas´trica [NA] digastric f
digital f. 1. trochanteric f 2. f. of lateral malleolus
f. duc´tus veno´si f. of ductus venosus
f. of ductus venosus a wide groove located posteriorly on the undersurface of the fetal liver between the caudate and left lobes; it lodges the ductus venosus and becomes the fissure of the ligamentum venosum in the adult.f. ductus venosi;
duodenal fossae See inferior duodenal recess, superior duodenal recess.
duodenojejunal f. superior duodenal recess
epigastric f. the slight depression in the midline just inferior to the xiphoid process of the sternum.f. epigastrica, pit of stomach, scrobiculus cordis;
f. epigas´trica epigastric f
femoral f. a depression on the peritoneal surface of the abdominal wall, inferior to the inguinal ligament, corresponding to the situation of the femoral ring.crural f., fovea femoralis;
floccular f. subarcuate f
gallbladder f. f. for gallbladder
f. for gallbladder a depression on the visceral surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gallbladder.f. vesicae biliaris [felleae] [NA], gallbladder f;
Gerdy's hyoid f. carotid triangle
f. glan´dulae lacrima´lis [NA] lacrimal f
glenoid f. 1. the hollow in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to make the shoulder joint; 2. mandibular f
greater supraclavicular f. supraclavicular triangle
Gruber-Landzert f. inferior duodenal recess
f. of helix scapha (1)
hyaloid f. a depression on the anterior surface of the vitreous body in which lies the lens.f. hyaloidea [NA], lenticular f., patellar f. of vitreous;
f. hyaloi´dea [NA] hyaloid f
hypophysial f. f. of the sphenoid bone housing the pituitary gland. See also sella turcica.f. hypophysialis [NA], pituitary f;
f. hypophysia´lis [NA] hypophysial f
iliac f. the smooth inner surface of the ilium above the arcuate line, giving attachment to the iliacus muscle.f. iliaca [NA] ;
f. ili´aca [NA] iliac f
iliacosubfascial f. a peritoneal recess between the psoas muscle and the crest of the ilium.Biesiadecki's f., f. iliacosubfascialis;
f. iliacosubfascia´lis iliacosubfascial f
iliopectineal f. a hollow between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles in the center of the femoral triangle, lodging the femoral vessels and nerve.
f. incisi´va [NA] incisive f
incisive f. the depression in the midline of the bony palate behind the central incisors into which the incisive canals open.f. incisiva [NA] ;
incudal f. f. incudis
f. incu´dis [NA] a small depression in the lower and posterior part of the epitympanic recess that lodges the short limb of the incus.f. for incus, incudal f;
f. for incus f. incudis
inferior duodenal f. inferior duodenal recess
infraclavicular f. a triangular depression bounded by the clavicle and the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.f. infraclavicularis [NA], deltoideopectoral triangle, deltoideopectoral trigone, infraclavicular triangle, Mohrenheim's f., Mohrenheim's space, regio infraclavicularis, trigonum deltoideopectorale;
f. infraclavicula´ris [NA] infraclavicular f
infraduodenal f. retroduodenal recess
f. infraspina´ta [NA] infraspinous f
infraspinous f. the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula inferior to the spine, giving attachment chiefly to the infraspinatus muscle.f. infraspinata [NA] ;
infratemporal f. the cavity on the side of the skull bounded laterally by the zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible, medially by the lateral pterygoid plate, anteriorly by the zygomatic process of the maxilla, posteriorly by the articular tubercle of the temporal bone and the posterior border of the lateral pterygoid plate, and above by the squama of the temporal bone and the infratemporal crest on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.f. infratemporalis [NA], zygomatic f;
f. infratempora´lis [NA] infratemporal f
inguinal f. See lateral inguinal f., medial inguinal f.
f. inguina´lis latera´lis [NA] lateral inguinal f
f. inguina´lis media´lis [NA] medial inguinal f
f. innomina´ta innominate f
innominate f. a shallow depression between the false vocal cord and the aryepiglottic fold on either side.f. innominata;
intercondylar f. the deep f. between the femoral condyles in which the cruciate ligaments are attached.f. intercondylaris [NA], intercondyloid f. (2), intercondylic f., intercondyloid notch, popliteal notch;
f. intercondyla´ris [NA] intercondylar f
intercondyloid f. , intercondylic f. 1. See area intercondylaris anterior tibiae, area intercondylaris posterior tibiae. 2. intercondylar f
f. intermesocol´ica transver´sa a f. occupying the position of the superior duodenal recess but extending transversely from right to left for a few cms.
interpeduncular f. deep depression on the inferior surface of the mesencephalon, between the crura cerebri, the floor of which is formed by the posterior perforated substance. See interpeduncular cistern.f. interpeduncularis [NA] ;
f. interpeduncula´ris [NA] interpeduncular f
intrabulbar f. the dilated commencement of the spongy part of the male urethra lying within the bulb of the penis.
ischioanal f. ischiorectal f
ischiorectal f. a wedge-shaped space with its base toward the perineum and lying between the tuberosity of the ischium and the obturator internus muscle laterally and the external anal sphincter and the levator ani muscle medially.f. ischiorectalis [NA], ischioanal f., Velpeau's f;
f. ischiorecta´lis [NA] ischiorectal f
Jobert de Lamballe's f. the hollow just above the knee formed by the adductor magnus and the sartorius and gracilis.
Jonnesco's f. superior duodenal recess
jugular f. an oval depression near the posterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, medial to the styloid process, in which lies the beginning of the internal jugular vein (jugular bulb);f. jugularis;
f. jugula´ris jugular f
lacrimal f. a hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal bone, formed by the overhanging margin and zygomatic process, lodging the lacrimal gland.f. glandulae lacrimalis [NA], f. of lacrimal gland;
f. of lacrimal gland lacrimal f
f. of lacrimal sac a f. formed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla, lodging the lacrimal sac.f. sacci lacrimalis [NA] ;
Landzert's f. a f. formed by two peritoneal folds, enclosing the left colic artery and the inferior mesenteric vein, respectively, at the side of the duodenum; it is smaller than the paraduodenal recess which is sometimes found in the same region.
lateral f. of brain lateral cerebral f
lateral cerebral f. the deep depression of the basal surface of the forebrain that corresponds in position to the anterior perforated substance. Bounded medially by the optic tract and rostrally by the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, it extends laterally around the overhanging pole of the temporal lobe into the Sylvian fissure (sulcus lateralis).f. lateralis cerebri [NA], f. of Sylvius, lateral f. of brain, vallecula sylvii;
lateral inguinal f. a depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall lateral to the ridge formed by the inferior epigastric artery; it corresponds to the position of the deep inguinal ring, and is the site of an indirect inguinal hernia.f. inguinalis lateralis [NA] ;
f. latera´lis cer´ebri [NA] lateral cerebral f
f. of lateral malleolus a large rough depression on the medial aspect of the lower end of the fibula just behind the articular facet for the talus giving attachment to the posterior talofibular and the transverse tibiofibular ligaments.f. malleoli lateralis [NA], digital f. (2), f. malleoli fibulae;
lenticular f. hyaloid f
lesser supraclavicular f. a triangular space between the two heads of origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.f. supraclavicularis minor [NA] ;
little f. of the cochlear window fossula fenestrae cochleae
little f. of the vestibular window , little f. of the vestibular round window fossula fenestrae vestibuli
Malgaigne's f. carotid triangle
f. malle´oli fib´ulae f. of lateral malleolus
f. malle´oli latera´lis [NA] f. of lateral malleolus
mandibular f. a deep hollow in the squamous portion of the temporal bone at the root of the zygoma, in which rests the condyle of the mandible.cavitas glenoidalis [NA], f. mandibularis [NA], articular f. of temporal bone, glenoid cavity, glenoid f. (2), glenoid surface;
f. mandibula´ris [NA] mandibular f
mastoid f. , f. mastoi´dea suprameatal pit
medial inguinal f. a depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall between the ridges formed by the inferior epigastric artery and the medial umbilical ligament; it corresponds to the position of the superficial inguinal ring and is the site of a direct inguinal hernia.f. inguinalis medialis [NA], fovea inguinalis interna;
Merkel's f. a groove in the posterolateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx between the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages.
mesentericoparietal f. parajejunal f
middle cranial f. a butterfly-shaped portion of the internal base of the skull posterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus and anterior to the crests of the petrous part of the temporal bones and dorsum sellae; it lodges the temporal lobes of the brain in the lateral portions, and the hypophysis centrally.f. cranii media [NA] ;
Mohrenheim's f. infraclavicular f
Morgagni's f. navicular f. of urethra
mylohyoid f. mylohyoid groove
f. navicula´ris auric´ulae triangular f
f. navicula´ris au´ris outmoded term for scapha (1) .
f. navicula´ris Cruveil´hier scaphoid f. (1)
f. navicula´ris ure´thrae [NA] navicular f. of urethra
f. navicula´ris vestib´ulae vagi´nae f. of vestibule of vagina
navicular f. of urethra the terminal dilated portion of the urethra in the glans penis.f. navicularis urethrae [NA], f. terminalis urethrae, Morgagni's f., Morgagni's fovea;
f. olecra´ni [NA] olecranon f
olecranon f. a hollow on the dorsum of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the olecranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended.f. olecrani [NA], anconal f;
oval f. See f. ovalis.
f. ova´lis 1. [NA], an oval depression on the lower part of the septum of the right atrium; it is a vestige of the foramen ovale, and its floor corresponds to the septum primum of the fetal heart; 2. saphenous opening
ovarian f. a depression in the parietal peritoneum of the pelvis; it is bounded in front by the obliterated umbilical artery, and behind by the ureter and the uterine vessels; it lodges the ovary.f. ovarica [NA], Claudius' f;
f. ova´rica [NA] ovarian f
paraduodenal f. paraduodenal recess
parajejunal f. a peritoneal f. that has been seen in a few cases in which the jejunum has no mesentery but is attached to the posterior parietal peritoneum; the f. begins at the point where the mesentery ends, and is seen on raising up the knuckle of free intestine.Broesike's f., f. parajejunalis, mesentericoparietal f., mesentericoparietal recess;
f. parajejuna´lis parajejunal f
pararectal f. a peritoneal depression on either side of the rectum formed by peritoneal (sacrogenital) folds passing from the posterolateral pelvic wall to the central pelvic viscera. The f. is a lateral extension of the male rectovesical pouch or the female rectouterine pouch.pararectal pouch;
paravesical f. a peritoneal depression formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the lateral pelvic wall onto the roof of the bladder; in the female, it is the lateral portion of the uterovesical pouch, separated from the pararectal pouch by the broad ligament.f. paravesicalis [NA], paracystic pouch, paravesical pouch;
f. paravesica´lis [NA] paravesical f
patellar f. of vitreous hyaloid f
peritoneal fossae depressions or pouches formed between various peritoneal folds; they may be the sites of internal hernias.
petrosal f. petrosal fossula
piriform f. a recess in the anterolateral wall of the nasopharynx on each side of the vestible of the larynx separated from it by the aryepiglottic folds.recessus piriformis [NA], piriform recess, piriform sinus;
pituitary f. hypophysial f
f. poplit´ea [NA] popliteal f
popliteal f. the diamond-shaped space posterior to the knee joint bounded superficially by the diverging biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles above and inferiorly by the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle; deeply, the f. is bound superiorly by the diverging supracondylar lines of the femur and the soleal line of the tibia inferiorly. Contents: tibial nerve, popliteal artery, vein, fat.f. poplitea [NA], poples [NA], ham (1), popliteal region, popliteal space, popliteus (2) ;
posterior cranial f. the internal base of the skull posterior to the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae and anterior to the grooves for the transverse sinuses, where the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata rest.f. cranii posterior [NA] ;
f. provesica´lis Hartmann's pouch
pterygoid f. the f. formed by the divergence posteriorly of the plates of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; it lodges the origin of medial pterygoid and the tensor palati muscles.f. pterygoidea [NA] ;
f. pterygoi´dea [NA] pterygoid f
pterygomaxillary f. pterygopalatine f
f. pterygopalati´na [NA] pterygopalatine f
pterygopalatine f. sphenomaxillary f., a small pyramidal space, housing the pterygopalatine ganglion, between the pterygoid process, the maxilla, and the palatine bone.f. pterygopalatina [NA], Bichat's f., pterygomaxillary f., sphenomaxillary f;
radial f. of humerus a shallow depression on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus, superior to the capitulum of the humerus and lateral to the coronoid fossa, in which the margin of the head of the radius rests when the elbow is in extreme flexion.f. radialis humeri [NA] ;
f. radia´lis hu´meri [NA] radial f. of humerus
retroduodenal f. retroduodenal recess
retromandibular f. the depression inferior to the auricle and posterior to the ramus and angle of the mandible.f. retromandibularis;
f. retromandibula´ris retromandibular f
retromolar f. a triangular depression in the mandible posterior to the third molar tooth.
rhomboid f. the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, formed by the ventricular surface of the rhombencephalon.f. rhomboidea [NA] ;
f. rhomboi´dea [NA] rhomboid f
Rosenmüller's f. pharyngeal recess
f. sac´ci lacrima´lis [NA] f. of lacrimal sac
scaphoid f. a boat-shaped hollow. 1. a longitudinal hollow on the posterior surface of the superior portion (root) of the medial pterygoid plate; it gives origin to the tensor veli palati muscle;f. scaphoidea ossis sphenoidalis [NA], Cruveilhier's f., f. navicularis Cruveilhier, scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone; 2. scapha (1)
f. scaphoid´ea ossis sphenoidalis [NA] scaphoid f. (1)
scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone scaphoid f. (1)
f. scar´pae ma´jor femoral triangle
sigmoid f. groove for sigmoid sinus
sphenomaxillary f. pterygopalatine f
f. subarcua´ta [NA] subarcuate f
subarcuate f. an irregular depression on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus. In the fetus, the flocculus of the cerebellum rests here; in the adult, a small vein enters the bone here.f. subarcuata [NA], floccular f., hiatus subarcuatus;
subcecal f. an inconstant depression in the peritoneum extending posterior to the cecum.Treitz's f;
subinguinal f. the depression on the anterior surface of the thigh beneath the groin.
sublingual f. a shallow depression on either side of the mental spine, on the inner surface of the body of the mandible, superior to the mylohyoid line, lodging the sublingual gland.fovea sublingualis [NA], sublingual pit;
submandibular f. the depression on the medial surface of the body of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid line in which the submandibular gland is lodged.fovea submandibularis [NA], f. submandibularis, fovea submaxillaris, submaxillary f;
f. submandibula´ris submandibular f
submaxillary f. submandibular f
subscapular f. the concave ventral aspect of the body of the scapula giving origin to the subscapularis muscle.f. subscapularis [NA] ;
f. subscapula´ris [NA] subscapular f
superior duodenal f. superior duodenal recess
f. supraclavicula´ris ma´jor [NA] supraclavicular triangle
f. supraclavicula´ris mi´nor [NA] lesser supraclavicular f
supramastoid f. suprameatal pit
f. supraspina´ta [NA] supraspinous f
supraspinous f. the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula above the spine, lodging the supraspinatus muscle.f. supraspinata [NA] ;
supratonsillar f. the interval between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches above the tonsil, most obvious after the tonsil has regressed in the adult.f. supratonsillaris [NA], supratonsillar recess, Tourtual's sinus;
f. supratonsilla´ris [NA] supratonsillar f
supravesical f. the depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall above the bladder and between the median and medial umbilical folds. Its level, relative to the pubis, changes with filling of the bladder.f. supravesicalis [NA], fovea supravesicalis;
f. supravesica´lis [NA] supravesical f
f. of Sylvius lateral cerebral f
temporal f. the space on the side of the cranium bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below at the level of the zygomatic arch.f. temporalis [NA] ;
f. tempora´lis [NA] temporal f
f. termina´lis ure´thrae navicular f. of urethra
tonsillar f. the depression between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches occupied by the palatine tonsil.f. tonsillaris [NA], amygdaloid f., sinus tonsillaris;
f. tonsilla´ris [NA] tonsillar f
Treitz's f. subcecal f
triangular f. the depression at the upper part of the auricle between the two crura of the anthelix.f. triangularis [NA], f. navicularis auriculae;
f. triangula´ris [NA] triangular f
trochanteric f. a depression at the root of the neck of the femur beneath the curved tip of the great trochanter; it gives attachment to the tendon of the obturator externus.f. trochanterica [NA], digital f. (1) ;
f. trochanter´ica [NA] trochanteric f
trochlear f. trochlear fovea
f. trochlea´ris trochlear fovea
umbilical f. fissure of round ligament of liver
Velpeau's f. ischiorectal f
f. ve´nae ca´vae groove for inferior venae cava
f. ve´nae umbilica´lis fissure of round ligament of liver
f. veno´sa paraduodenal recess
vermian f. a small depression near the lower part of the internal occipital crest which lodges part of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum.
f. vesi´cae bilia´ris [fel´leae] [NA] f. for gallbladder
vestibular f. f. of vestibule of vagina
f. of vestibule of vagina the portion of the vestibule of the vagina between the frenulum of the labia minora and the posterior labial commissure of the vulva.f. vestibuli vaginae [NA], f. navicularis vestibulae vaginae, vestibular f;
f. vestib´uli vagi´nae [NA] f. of vestibule of vagina
Waldeyer's fossae See inferior duodenal recess, superior duodenal recess.
zygomatic f. infratemporal f

fossette fossette (fo-set´)

1. fossula 2. A seldom-used term for corneal ulcer of small diameter. [Fr. dim. of fosse, a ditch]

fossula fossula, pl. fossulae (fos´yu-la, -le)

1. [NA] A small fossa. 2. A minor fissure or slight depression on the surface of the cerebrum.fossette (1) ; [L. dim. of fossa, ditch]
f. fenes´trae coch´leae [NA] a depression on the medial wall of the middle ear which has the fenestra cochleae (round window) in its lower portion.f. rotunda, little fossa of the cochlear window;
f. fenes´trae vestib´uli [NA] a depression on the medial wall of the middle ear which has the fenestra vestibulae (oval window) in its lower portion.Huguier's sinus, little fossa of the vestibular window, little fossa of the vestibular round window;
f. petro´sa [NA] petrosal f
petrosal f. a small and often only faintly marked depression on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the jugular fossa and the opening of the carotid canal; here opens the canaliculus tympanicus transmitting the tympanic nerve.f. petrosa [NA], petrosal fossa, receptaculum ganglii petrosi;
f. rotun´da f. fenestrae cochleae
tonsillar fossulae the small pits at the openings of the tonsillar crypts onto the medial surface of the tonsil.fossulae tonsillares [NA] ;
fos´sulae tonsilla´res [NA] tonsillar fossulae

fossulate fossulate (fos´yu-lat)

Grooved; containing a fossula or small fossa; hollowed out.

Foster frame Foster frame

See under frame.

Foster Kennedy Foster Kennedy

See Kennedy.

Fothergill Fothergill

John, English physician, 1712-1780. See F.'s disease, neuralgia, sign.

Fothergill Fothergill

William E., English gynecologist, 1865-1926. See F.'s operation.

Fouchet Fouchet

A., French physician, *1894. See F.'s reagent, stain.

foulage foulage (fu-lahzh´)

Kneading and pressure of the muscles, constituting a form of massage. [Fr. impression]

foundation foundation (fown-da´shun)

A base; a supporting structure.
denture f. that portion of the oral structures which is available to support a denture. See also denture foundation area, denture foundation surface, mean foundation plane.

founder founder (fown´der)

1. A person who contributes to the initial genetic structure of a population and is liable to contribute to a large proportion of the genes in the descendants from it. 2. laminitis (2)

fourchette fourchette (fur-shet´)

frenulum of the labia minora [Fr. dim. of fourché, fr. L. furca, fork]

Fourier Fourier

J. B. J., French mathematician and administrator, 1768-1830. See Fourier analysis, Fourier transform.

Fourier transform Fourier transform

Fourier analysis

Fourneau Fourneau

Ernest F.A., French chemist and pharmacologist, 1872-1949. See F. 693, 710, 933.

Fourneau 693 Fourneau 693

ethylstibamine [Ernest F.A. Fourneau]

Fourneau 710 Fourneau 710

A synthetic quinoline; an antimalarial agent. [Ernest F.A. Fourneau]

Fourneau 933 Fourneau 933

piperoxan hydrochloride [Ernest F.A. Fourneau]

Fournier Fournier

Jean A., French syphilographer, 1832-1914. See F.'s disease, gangrene; syphiloma of F.

fovea fovea, pl. foveae (fo´ve-a, fo´ve-e) [NA]

A relatively small cup-shaped depression or pit. [L. a pit]
f. ante´rior superior f
anterior f. superior f
f. articula´ris cap´itis ra´dii [NA] f. of the radial head
f. articula´ris infe´rior atlan´tis inferior articular facet of atlas
f. articula´ris supe´rior atlan´tis superior articular facet of atlas
f. cap´itis os´sis fem´oris [NA] f. of the femoral head
f. cardi´aca anterior intestinal portal; the opening of the foregut into the midgut. See also epigastric fossa.anterior intestinal portal;
f. centra´lis ret´inae [NA] central retinal f
central retinal f. a depression in the center of the macula retinae containing only cones and lacking blood vessels.f. centralis retinae [NA], central pit;
f. coc´cygis it marks the site where the embryonic spinal cord attaches to the skin.postnatal pit of the newborn;
f. costa´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior costal facet
f. costa´lis proces´sus transver´si [NA] transverse costal facet
f. costa´lis supe´rior [NA] superior costal facet
f. den´tis atlan´tis [NA] facet of atlas for dens
f. ellip´tica elliptical recess
f. ethmoida´lis the roof of the ethmoid air cells.
f. of the femoral head a depression on the extremity of the head of the femur giving attachment to the ligamentum teres femoris.f. capitis ossis femoris [NA], pit of head of femur;
f. femora´lis femoral fossa
f. hemiellip´tica elliptical recess
f. hemisphe´rica spherical recess
f. infe´rior [NA] inferior f
inferior f. a small depression in the limiting sulcus of the rhomboidal fossa below the medullary striae of either side, generally lateral to the hypoglossal and vagal trigones.f. inferior [NA] ;
f. inguina´lis inter´na medial inguinal fossa
Morgagni's f. navicular fossa of urethra
f. oblon´ga cartilag´inis arytenoid´eae [NA] oblong f. of arytenoid cartilage
oblong f. of arytenoid cartilage a broad shallow depression on the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, for attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle.f. oblonga cartilaginis arytenoideae [NA], oblong pit of arytenoid cartilage;
pterygoid f. a depression on the antero-medial side of the neck of the condylar process of the mandible, giving attachment to the lateral pterygoid muscle.f. pterygoidea [NA], pterygoid depression, pterygoid pit;
f. pterygoid´ea [NA] pterygoid f
f. of the radial head the depression on the top (superior surface) of the head of the radius for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus.f. articularis capitis radii [NA], articular pit of head of radius;
f. sphe´rica spherical recess
f. sublingua´lis [NA] sublingual fossa
f. submandibula´ris [NA] submandibular fossa
f. submaxilla´ris submandibular fossa
f. supe´rior [NA] superior f
superior f. a slight depression in the limiting sulcus on either side of the rhomboidal fossa, above the medullary striae and lateral to the facial colliculus.f. superior [NA], anterior f., f. anterior;
f. supravesica´lis supravesical fossa
triangular f. of arytenoid cartilage a deep depression in the upper portion of the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, lodging glands.f. triangularis cartilaginis arytenoideae [NA], triangular pit of arytenoid cartilage;
f. triangula´ris cartilag´inis arytenoid´eae [NA] triangular f. of arytenoid cartilage
trochlear f. a shallow depression in the roof of the orbit close to the medial margin to which is attached the pulley for the superior oblique tendon.f. trochlearis [NA], fossa trochlearis, trochlear fossa, trochlear pit;
f. trochlea´ris [NA] trochlear f

foveate foveate , foveated (fo´-ve-at, -a-ted)

Pitted; having foveas or depressions on the surface.

foveation foveation (fo-ve-a´shun)

Pitted scar formation, as in smallpox, chickenpox, or vaccinia. [L. fovea, a pit]

foveola foveola, pl. foveolae (fo-ve´o-la, -le) [NA]

A minute fovea or pit. [Mod. L. dim. of L. fovea, pit]
f. coccy´gea [NA] coccygeal f
coccygeal f. a depression in the skin over the coccyx caused by the caudal retinaculum.f. coccygea [NA], coccygeal dimple;
f. gas´trica [NA] gastric pit
foveolae granula´res [NA] granular pits, under pit
f. ocula´ris f. retinae
f. papilla´ris the minute depression sometimes seen at the apex of a papilla of the kidney where a papillary duct opens into a calix.
f. retinae [NA] the central portion of the central retinal fovea that contains cones only.f. ocularis;
f. supramea´tica [NA] suprameatal pit

foveolar foveolar (fo-ve´o-lar)

Pertaining to a foveola.

foveolate foveolate (fo´ve-o-lat, fo-ve´o-lat)

Having minute pits (foveolae) or small depressions on the surface.

Foville Foville

Achille L., French neurologist, 1799-1878. See F.'s fasciculus, syndrome.

Fowler Fowler

George R., U.S. surgeon, 1848-1906. See F.'s position.

fowlpox fowlpox (fowl´poks)

A disease of fowl, worldwide in distribution, caused by fowlpox virus, a member of the family Poxviridae, and characterized by proliferative nodular dermal lesions followed by scabbing, chiefly on the head but sometimes involving the feet and vent; there may also be eye lesions or involvement of the trachea (so-called fowl diphtheria); transmission is by contact, or mechanically by mosquitoes.epithelioma contagiosum;

Fox Fox

George H., U.S. dermatologist, 1846-1937. See F.-Fordyce disease.

Fox Fox

Lewis, U.S. periodontist, *1903. See Goldman-F. knives, under knife.

foxglove foxglove (foks´gluv)

Digitalis

FPLC FPLC

Abbreviation for fast protein liquid chromatography.

FPS FPS , fps

Abbreviation for foot-pound-second. See foot-pound-second system, foot-pound-second unit.

Fr Fr

1. Symbol for francium. 2. Abbreviation for French scale.

Fraccaro Fraccaro

M., Italian physician. See Schmid-F. syndrome.

F.R.A.C.P. F.R.A.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

fraction fraction (frak´shun)

1. The quotient of two quantities. 2. An aliquot portion or any portion.
amorphous f. of adrenal cortex noncrystalline residue of an acetone extract of the adrenal cortex after crystalline steroids, e.g., corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, etc., have been isolated.
blood plasma f.'s portions of the blood plasma as separated by electrophoresis or other technique.
f. collector a device used to collect the eluate from a column in column chromatography.
dried human plasma protein f. freeze-dried human plasma protein f.
ejection f. , systolic ejection f. the f. of the blood contained in the ventricle at the end of diastole that is expelled during its contraction, i.e., the stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume, normally 0.67 or greater; with the onset of congestive heart failure, the ejection f. decreases, sometimes to 0.10 or even less in severe cases.
filtration f. (FF) the f. of the plasma entering the kidney that filters into the lumen of the renal tubules, determined by dividing the glomerular filtration rate by the renal plasma flow; normally, it is around 0.17.
human antihemophilic f. human antihemophilic factor
human plasma protein f. a sterile solution of selected proteins derived from the blood plasma of adult human donors, containing 4.5 to 5.5 g of protein per 100 ml, of which 83 to 90% is albumin and the remainder is a- and beta-globulins; used as a blood volume supporter.
mole f. the ratio of the moles of one component of a system to the total moles of all the components present.
recombination f. the proportion of progeny of a mating pair of specific genotype and coupling phase that are recombinant; there must be no differential selection among the possible types of progeny, and the recombination f. should be the same regardless of the alleles involved or their coupling phase.
regurgitant f. the amount of blood regurgitated into a cardiac chamber divided by the stroke output; normally, no blood regurgitates; in patients with severe valvular lesions such as mitral or aortic insufficiency, regurgitation can approach 80%; this f. affords a quantitative measure of the severity of the valvular lesion.

fractionation fractionation (frak-shun-a´shun)

1. To separate components of a mixture. 2. The administration of a course of therapeutic radiation of a neoplasm in a planned series of fractions of the total dose, most often once a day for several weeks, in order to minimize radiation damage of contiguous normal tissues.

fracture fracture (frak´chur)

1. To break. 2. A break, especially the breaking of a bone or cartilage. [L. fractura, a break]
apophysial f. separation of apophysis from bone.
articular f. a f. involving the joint surface of a bone.
avulsion f. a f. that occurs when a joint capsule, ligament, or muscle insertion of origin is pulled from the bone as a result of a sprain dislocation or strong contracture of the muscle against resistance; as the soft tissue is pulled away from the bone, a fragment or fragments of the bone may come away with it.
Barton's f. f. of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.
basal skull f. a f. involving the base of the cranium.
bending f. an injury in which a long bone or bones, usually the radius and ulna, are bent due to multiple microfractures, none of which can be seen by x-ray imaging.
Bennett's f. f. dislocation of the first metacarpal bone at the carpal-metacarpal joint.
birth f. f. occurring during the trauma of delivery or, occasionally, before delivery in infants with osteogenesis imperfecta.
blow-out f. a f. of the floor of the orbit, without a fracture of the rim, produced by a blow on the globe with the force being transmitted via the globe to the orbital floor.
boxer's f. f. of the neck of a metacarpal bone-typically of the fifth metacarpals.
capillary f. hairline f
Chance f. a transverse f., usually in the thoracic or lumbar spine, through the body of the vertebra extending posteriorly through the pedicles and the spinous process.
clay shoveler's f. an avulsion f. of the base of spinous processes of C-7, C-6, or T-1 (in order of prevalence).
closed f. a f. in which skin is intact at site of f.simple f;
closed skull f. f. with intact overlying scalp and/or mucous membranes.simple skull f;
Colles' f. a f. of the lower end of the radius with displacement of the distal fragment dorsally; sometimes called a reversed Colles' f., or Smith's f. when volar displacement of the distal fragment occurs in the same location.
comminuted f. a f. in which the bone is broken into pieces.
comminuted skull f. a f. of the skull with fragmentation of bone.
complicated f. a f. with significant soft tissue injury.
compound f. open f
compound skull f. open skull f
f. by contrecoup skull f. at a point distant from the site of impact.
cough f. a f. of a rib or cartilage, usually the fifth or seventh, from vigorous coughing.
craniofacial dysjunction f. a complex f. in which the facial bones are separated from the cranial bones.Le Fort III craniofacial dysjunction, Le Fort III f., transverse facial f;
dentate f. a f. in which the opposing surfaces are rough, with toothed or serrate projections fitting into corresponding indentations.
depressed f. depressed skull f
depressed skull f. a f. with inward displacement of a part of the calvarium; may or may not be associated with disruption of the underlying dura or cerebral cortex.depressed f;
de Quervain's f. f. of navicular bone with dislocation of lunar bone.
derby hat f. regular cranial concavity in infants; may or may not be associated with f.dishpan f;
diastatic skull f. 1. separation of cranial bones at a suture; 2. f. with marked separation of bone fragments.
direct f. a f., especially of the skull, occurring at the point of injury.
dishpan f. derby hat f
dislocation f. a f. of a bone near an articulation with its concomitant dislocation from that joint.
double f. segmental f
Dupuytren's f. f. of lower part of fibula, with dislocation of ankle.
dyscrasic f. obsolete term for a f. occurring in general malnutrition.
epiphysial f. , epiphyseal f. separation of the epiphysis of a long bone, caused by trauma. See Salter-Harris classification of epiphysial plate injuries.
expressed skull f. a f. with outward displacement of a part of the cranium.
extracapsular f. a f. at the articular extremity of a bone, but outside of the line of attachment of the capsular ligament of the joint.
fatigue f. f. that occurs in bone subject to repeated or unusual subliminal, endogenous stress, most often transverse in configuration.
fetal f. intrauterine f
fissured f. linear f
folding f. torus f
freeze f. a procedure for preparing cells or other biological samples for electron microscopy in which the sample is frozen quickly and then broken with a sharp blow.
Galeazzi's f. f. of the shaft of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
Gosselin's f. v-shaped f. of distal end of tibia.
greenstick f. the bending of a bone with incomplete f. involving the convex side of the curve only.
growing f. linear skull f. in a young child which increases in size, usually as the result of an associated dural tear and arachnoid cyst formation within the f. line.
Guérin's f. a f. of the facial bones in which there is a horizontal f. at the base of the maxillae above the apices of the teeth.horizontal f., Le Fort I f;
gutter f. a long, narrow, depressed f. of the skull.
hairline f. a f. without separation of the fragments, the line of break being hairlike, as seen sometimes in the skull.capillary f;
hangman's f. a f. of the cervical spine through the pedicles of C₂; may be associated with an anterior dislocation of the C₂ vertebral body with respect to C₃.
horizontal f. Guérin's f
impacted f. a f. in which one of the fragments is driven into the cancellous tissue of the other fragment.
incomplete f. a f. in which the line of f. does not include the entire bone.
indirect f. a f., especially of the skull, that occurs at a point not at the site of impact.
intra-articular f. f. occurring within a joint capsule.
intracapsular f. a f. at the articular extremity of a bone within the line of insertion of the capsular ligament of the joint.
intraperiosteal f. a f. in which the periosteum is not ruptured.
intrauterine f. a f. of one or more bones of a fetus occurring before birth.fetal f;
Le Fort I f. Guérin's f
Le Fort II f. pyramidal f
Le Fort III f. craniofacial dysjunction f
linear f. a f. running parallel with the long axis of the bone.fissured f;
linear skull f. a skull f. resembling a line.
longitudinal f. a f. involving the bone in the line of its axis.
march f. a fatigue f. of one of the metatarsals.Deutschländer's disease (2) ;
Monteggia's f. f. of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius.
multiple f. 1. f. at two or more places in a bone; See segmental f. 2. f. of several bones occurring simultaneously.
neurogenic f. a f. in bone weakened by disease of the nerve supply.
oblique f. a f. the line of which runs obliquely to the axis of the bone.
occult f. a condition in which there are clinical signs of f. but no x-ray evidence; after 3 or 4 weeks x-ray imaging shows new bone formation.
open f. f. in which the skin is perforated and there is an open wound down to the f.compound f;
open skull f. a f. with laceration of overlying scalp and/or mucous membrane.compound skull f;
parry f. rarely used synonym for Monteggia's f.
pathologic f. a f. occurring at a site weakened by preexisting disease, especially neoplasm or necrosis, of the bone.
pertrochanteric f. a f. through the great trochanter of the femur; a form of extracapsular hip f.
pilon f. a f. of the distal metaphysis of the tibia extending into the ankle joint.
ping-pong f. See derby hat f.
pond f. a circular depressed skull f.
Pott's f. f. of the lower part of the fibula and of the malleolus of the tibia, with outward displacement of the foot.
pyramidal f. a f. of the midfacial skeleton with the principal f. lines meeting at an apex at or near the superior aspect of the nasal bones.Le Fort II f;
segmental f. a f. in two parts of the same bone.double f;
sentinel spinous process f. f. of the spinous process with undetected deeper f.'s of the vertebral arch.
Shepherd's f. a f. of the external tubercle (posterior process) of the talus, sometimes mistaken for a displacement of the os trigonum.
silver-fork f. a Colles' f. of the wrist in which the deformity has the appearance of a fork in profile.
simple f. closed f
simple skull f. closed skull f
Skillern's f. f. of distal radius with greenstick f. of neighboring portion of ulna.
skull f. a break of the cranium resulting from trauma.
Smith's f. reversed Colles' f.; f. of the radius near its lower articular surface with displacement of the fragment toward the palmar (volar) aspect.
spiral f. a f. the line of which is helical in the bone.
splintered f. a comminuted f. in which the fragments are long and sharp-pointed.
spontaneous f. a f. occurring without any external injury.
sprain f. an avulsion f. in which a small portion of adjacent bone has been pulled or pushed off.
stable f. a f. that does not tend to displace once it has been reduced and immobilized.
stellate f. a f. in which the lines of break radiate from a central point.
stellate skull f. a skull f. with multiple linear fractures radiating from the site of impact.
strain f. the tearing off, by a sudden force, of a piece of bone attached to a tendon, ligament, or capsule; the force may be exogenous or endogenous.
stress f. a f. resulting from force on a bony structure during use as opposed to one resulting from exogenous trauma.
subcapital f. an intracapsular f. of the neck of the femur, at the point where the neck of the femur joins the head.
subperiosteal f. a f. occurring beneath the periosteum, and without displacement.
supracondylar f. a f. of the distal end of the humerus or femur.
torsion f. a f. resulting from twisting of the limb.
torus f. a deformity in children consisting of a local bulging caused by the longitudinal compression of the soft bone; it occurs commonly in the radius or ulna or both.folding f;
transcervical f. a f. through the neck of the femur.
transcondylar f. a f. through condyles of the humerus or femur.
transverse f. a f. the line of which forms a right angle with the axis of the bone.
transverse facial f. craniofacial dysjunction f
trimalleolar f. a f. through both malleoli and the posterior process of the tibia.
tripod f. a facial f. involving the three supports of the malar prominence, the arch of the zygomatic bone, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, and the zygomatic process of the maxillary bone.
unstable f. a f. with an intrinsic tendency to slip out of place after reduction.
ununited f. a f. in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs.
Wagstaffe's f. f., with displacement, of the medial malleolus.

Fraenkel Fraenkel

Albert, German physician, 1848-1916. See F.'s pneumococcus; F.-Weichselbaum pneumococcus.

fragilitas fragilitas (fra-jil´i-tas)

fragility [L.]
f. crin´ium brittleness of the hair; a condition in which the hair of the head or face tends to split or break off.
f. san´guinis osmotic fragility

fragility fragility (fra-jil´i-te)

Brittleness; liability to break, burst, or disintegrate.fragilitas; [L. fragilitas]
f. of the blood osmotic f
capillary f. the susceptibility of capillaries to breakage and extravasation of red cells under conditions of increased stress.
osmotic f. the susceptibility of erythrocytes to hemolyze when exposed to increasingly hypotonic saline solutions.fragilitas sanguinis, f. of the blood;

fragilocyte fragilocyte (fra-jil´o-sIt)

A red blood cell that is unusually fragile when subjected to a hypotonic salt solution. [L. fragilis, brittle, + G. kytos, hollow (cell)]

fragilocytosis fragilocytosis (fra-jil´o-sI-to´sis)

A condition of the blood in which the red blood cells are abnormally fragile.

fragment fragment (frag´ment)

A small part broken from a larger entity.
acentric f. acentric chromosome
Brimacombe f. a ribonucleoprotein f. obtained by mild ribonuclease treatment of ribosomes.
butterfly f. a broad triangular f. that is commonly present in comminuted fractures of the diaphysis.
Fab f. the antigen-binding f. of an immunoglobulin molecule, consisting of both a light chain and part of a heavy chain.Fab piece;
Fc f. the crystallizable f. of an immunoglobulin molecule composed of part of the heavy chains and responsible for binding to antibody receptors on cells and the Clq component of complement.Fc piece;
Klenow f. carboxyl terminal fragment of DNA polymerase I, contains polymerase as well as 3´ -> 5´ exonuclease activity to edit out mismatches.
Okazaki f. a relatively short (100-1000 bp) fragment of DNA that is later joined by DNA ligase to allow for 3´ -> 5´ overall chain growth during replication.
one-carbon f. the formyl group or the methyl group that takes part in transformylation or transmethylation reactions; by means of these reactions, a group containing a single carbon atom is added to a compound being biosynthesized, adding a methyl group (as in thymidine formation), adding a hydroxymethyl group (as in serine biosynthesis), or closing a ring (as in purine formation).
two-carbon f. the acetyl group (CH₃CO-) that takes part in transacetylation reactions with coenzyme A as carrier; commonly referred to as acetate or acetic acid, from which it is derived.

fragmentation fragmentation (frag-men-ta´shun)

The breaking of an entity into smaller parts.spallation (1) ;
f. of the myocardium a transverse rupture of the muscular fibers of the heart, especially those of the papillary muscles.

fraise fraise (fraz)

A burr in the shape of a hemispherical button with cutting edges, used to enlarge a trephine opening in the skull or to cut osteoplastic flaps; the smooth convexity of the button prevents injury to the dura. [Fr. strawberry]

Fraley Fraley

Elwin E., U.S. urologist, *1934. See F. syndrome.

frambesia tropica frambesia tropica (fram-e´ze-a trop´I-ka)

yaws [Fr. framboise, raspberry]

frambesiform frambesiform (fram-be´zi-form)

Resembling the lesion of frambesia.

frambesioma frambesioma (fram-be-ze-o´ma)

mother yaw [frambesia + -oma, tumor]

frame frame (fram)

A structure made of parts fitted together.
Balkan f. an overhead f., supported on uprights attached to the bedposts or to a separate stand, from which a splinted limb is slung in the treatment of fracture or joint disease.Balkan beam, Balkan splint;
Bradford f. an oblong rectangular f. made of pipe, over which are stretched transversely two strips of canvas; permits trunk and lower extremities of a bed-ridden patient to move as a unit.
Deiters' terminal f.'s platelike structures in the organ of Corti uniting the outer phalangeal cells with Hensen's cells.
Foster f. a reversible bed similar to a Stryker f.
occluding f. articulator
Stryker f. a f. that holds the patient and permits turning in various planes without individual motion of parts.
trial f. a type of spectacle f. with variable adjustments, for holding trial lenses during refraction.
Whitman's f. a f. similar to the Bradford f., but with curved sides.

frameshift frameshift (fram´shift)

As used in genetics: a mutation that causes a sequence such that the reading frame groups of three bases in mRNA become out of register; the insertion or deletion of one or two bases, for example, would lead to an altered grouping of three bases causing incorrect amino acid residues to be incorporated into growing polypeptide chains.

framework framework (fram´work)

1. See stroma. 2. In dentistry, the skeletal prosthesis (usually metal) around which and to which are attached the remaining portions of the prosthesis to produce the finished appliance (partial denture).

Franceschetti Franceschetti

Adolphe, Swiss ophthalmologist, 1896-1968. See F.'s syndrome; F.-Jadassohn syndrome.

Francisella Francisella (fran´si-sel´la)

A genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, aerobic bacteria that contain small, Gram-negative cocci and rods. Capsules are rarely produced and the cells may show bipolar staining. These organisms are highly pleomorphic; they do not grow on plain agar or in liquid media without special enrichment; they are pathogenic and cause tularemia in humans. The type species is F. tularensis.
F. novici´da a species pathogenic for white mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters but not known to infect human beings. It produces lesions in experimental animals similar to those found in tularemia.
F. tularen´sis a species that causes tularemia in man, transmitted to man from wild animals by bloodsucking insects or by contact with infected animals such as ticks; main sources of infection are rabbits and ticks; it can penetrate unbroken skin to cause infection; it is the type species of the genus F.Pasteurella tularensis;

francium (Fr) francium (Fr) (fran´se-um)

Radioactive element of the alkali metal series; atomic no. 87; half-life of most stable known isotope, ²²³Fr, is 21.8 minutes. [France, native country of Mlle. M. Perey, the discoverer]

Francke Francke

Karl E., German physician, 1859-1920. See F.'s needle.

frangula frangula (frang´gu-la)

The bark of Rhamnus frangula (family Rhamnaceae); a laxative or cathartic.

frangulic acid frangulic acid (frang´yu-lik)

emodin [see frangula]

frangulin frangulin (frang´yu-lin)

C₂₁H₂₀O₉; emodine-l-rhamnoside;a glycoside from frangula; has been used as a purgative.rhamnoxanthin;

Frank Frank

Otto, German physiologist, 1865-1944. See F.-Starling curve.

frank frank

Unmistakable; manifest; clinically evident.

Frankenhäuser Frankenhäuser

Ferdinand, German gynecologist, 1832-1894. See F.'s ganglion.

Frankfort Frankfort (frank´fert)

See Frankfort horizontal plane, Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle. [Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany]

frankincense frankincense (frangk´in-sens)

olibanum [Mediev. L. francum incensum, pure incense]

Franklin Franklin

Edward C., U.S. physician, *1928. See F.'s disease.

Franklin Franklin

Benjamin, U.S. physicist and statesman, 1706-1790. See franklinic; F. spectacles.

franklinic franklinic (frank´lin-ik)

Denoting static or frictional electricity. [B. Franklin]

Fräntzel Fräntzel (frant´zel)

Oscar Maximilian Victor, German physician, 1838-1894.

Fräntzel's murmur Fräntzel's murmur

See under murmur.

Fraser Fraser

G. R., 20th century British geneticist. See F.'s syndrome.

Fraser Fraser

Alexander, Canadian pathologist, 1869-1939. See F.-Lendrum stain for fibrin.

Fraumeni Fraumeni

Joseph F., Jr., 20th century epidemiologist. See Li-F. cancer syndrome.

Fraunhofer Fraunhofer

Joseph von, German optician, 1787-1826. See F.'s lines, under line.

Frazier Frazier

Charles H., U.S. surgeon, 1870-1936. See F.'s needle; F.-Spiller operation.

FRC FRC

Abbreviation for functional residual capacity.

F.R.C.P. F.R.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (of England).

F.R.C.P.(C) F.R.C.P.(C)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Canada).

F.R.C.P.(E) F.R.C.P.(E) , F.R.C.P.(Edin)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh).

F.R.C.P.(I) F.R.C.P.(I)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Ireland).

F.R.C.S. F.R.C.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (of England).

F.R.C.S.(C) F.R.C.S.(C)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Canada).

F.R.C.S.(E) F.R.C.S.(E) , F.R.C.S.(Edin)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh).

F.R.C.S.(I) F.R.C.S.(I)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Ireland).

freckle freckle (frek´l)

Yellowish or brownish macules developing on the exposed parts of the skin, especially in persons of light complexion; the lesions increase in number on exposure to the sun; the epidermis is microscopically normal except for increased melanin. See also lentigo.ephelis; [O. E. freken]
Hutchinson's f. lentigo maligna
iris f.'s small, pigmented clusters of uveal melanocytes on the surface of the iris.
melanotic f. lentigo maligna

Fredet Fredet

Pierre, French surgeon, 1870-1946. See F.-Ramstedt operation.

Freeman Freeman

E.A. See F.-Sheldon syndrome.

freemartin freemartin (fre´mar-tin)

A masculinized, sterile female twin calf, developing from twin fetuses of opposite sexes in which the chorionic blood vessels become fused at an early stage of embryonic development, with the result that the hormones of the male twin are conveyed in the circulation to the female twin and influence its sexual development. F.'s are a type of hermaphrodite with underdeveloped uterus, enlarged penis-like clitoris, and, sometimes, structures resembling the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles. [(?) Sc. fear or fearr, sterile and dry cow, + martin, fr. Martinmas when cattle, especially if sterile and unproductive of milk, were slaughtered]

freeze-drying freeze-drying (frez´drI-ing)

lyophilization

freezing freezing (fre´zing)

Congealing, stiffening, or hardening by exposure to cold.congelation (1) ;
gastric f. formerly used treatment for peptic ulcer designed to reduce or eliminate the production of acid gastric juice by freezing the secretory cells with a supercooled fluid introduced into a balloon positioned in the stomach.

Frei Frei

Wilhelm S., German dermatologist, 1885-1943. See F. test; F.-Hoffmann reaction.

Freiberg Freiberg

Albert Henry, U.S. surgeon, 1869-1940. See F.'s disease.

Frejka Frejka

B., 20th century Czech orthopedist. See F. pillow splint.

frémissement cattaire frémissement cattaire (fra-mes´mon kat´air)

purr

fremitus fremitus (frem´i-tus)

A vibration imparted to the hand resting on the chest or other part of the body. See also thrill. [L. a dull roaring sound, fr. fremo, pp. -itus, to roar, resound]
bronchial f. adventitious pulmonary sounds or voice sounds perceptible to the hand resting on the chest, as well as by the ear.
hydatid f. hydatid thrill
pericardial f. vibration in the chest wall produced by the friction of opposing roughened surfaces of the pericardium. See also pericardial rub.
pleural f. vibration in the chest wall produced by a friction rub resulting from the rubbing together of the roughened inflamed opposing surfaces of the pleura.
rhonchal f. f. produced by vibrations from the passage of air in the bronchial tubes partially obstructed by mucous secretion.
subjective f. vibration felt within the chest by the patient himself, when humming with the mouth closed; or f. felt when there is a rough, pericardial or pleural friction rub, particularly when pain is minimal.
tactile f. vibration felt with the hand on the chest during vocal f.
tussive f. a form of f. similar to the vocal, produced by a cough.
vocal f. the vibration in the chest wall, felt on palpation, produced by the spoken voice.

frena frena (fre´na)

Plural of frenum.

frenal frenal (fre´nal)

Relating to any frenum.

French French

See French scale.

frenectomy frenectomy (fre-nek´to-me)

Removal of any frenum. [frenum + G. ektome, excision]

Frenkel Frenkel

Henri, French ophthalmologist, 1864-1934. See F.'s anterior ocular traumatic syndrome.

Frenkel Frenkel

Heinrich S., Swiss neurologist, 1860-1931. See F.'s symptom.

frenoplasty frenoplasty (fre´no-plas-te)

Correction of an abnormally attached frenum by surgically repositioning it. [frenum + G. plastos, formed]

frenotomy frenotomy (fre-not´o-me)

Division of any frenum or frenulum, especially that of the tongue. [frenum + G. tome, a cutting]

frenulum frenulum, pl. frenula (fren´yu-lum, -la) [NA]

A small frenum or bridle.habenula (1) ; [Mod. L. dim. of L. frenum, bridle]
cerebellar f. f. of superior medullary velum
f. cerebell´i f. of superior medullary velum
f. clitor´idis [NA] f. of clitoris
f. of clitoris the line of union of the inner-laminae portions of the labia minora on the undersurface of the glans clitoridis.f. clitoridis [NA], f. preputii clitoridis;
f. epiglot´tidis median glossoepiglottic fold
f. of Giacomini uncus band of Giacomini
f. of ileocecal valve a fold, more evident in cadavers, running from the junction of the two commissures of the ileocecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the cecocolic junction.f. valvae ileocecalis [NA], f. of Morgagni, Morgagni's frenum, Morgagni's retinaculum;
f. of the labia minora the fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly.f. labiorum pudendi [NA], fourchette, f. labiorum minorum, f. of pudendal lips, f. pudendi;
f. la´bii inferio´ris , f. la´bii superio´ris [NA] f. of lower lip
f. labio´rum mino´rum f. of the labia minora
f. labio´rum puden´di [NA] f. of the labia minora
f. lin´guae [NA] lingual f
lingual f. a fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the undersurface of the tongue.f. linguae [NA], f. of tongue, vinculum linguae;
f. of lower lip , f. of upper lip f. labii inferioris et superioris; f. of the lower lip; f. of the upper lip; the folds of mucous membrane extending from the gingiva to the midline of the lower and upper lips, respectively.f. labii inferioris, f. labii superioris [NA] ;
f. of M'Dowel tendinous fasciculi passing from the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle across the bicipital groove.
f. of Morgagni f. of ileocecal valve
f. of prepuce a fold of mucous membrane passing from the undersurface of the glans penis to the deep surface of the prepuce.f. preputii [NA], vinculum preputii;
f. prepu´tii [NA] f. of prepuce
f. prepu´tii clitor´idis f. of clitoris
f. of pudendal lips f. of the labia minora
f. puden´di f. of the labia minora
f. of superior medullary velum a band passing from the longitudinal groove between the quadrigeminal bodies on to the superior medullary velum.f. veli medullaris superioris [NA], cerebellar f., f. cerebelli;
synovial frenula vincula of tendons, under vinculum
f. of tongue lingual f
f. val´vae ileoceca´lis [NA] f. of ileocecal valve
f. ve´li medulla´ris superio´ris [NA] f. of superior medullary velum

frenum frenum, pl. frena frenums (fre´num, -na, -numz)

1. A narrow reflection or fold of mucous membrane passing from a more fixed to a movable part, serving to check undue movement of the part. 2. An anatomical structure resembling such a fold.bridle (1) ; [L. a bridle, curb]
Morgagni's f. frenulum of ileocecal valve
synovial frena vincula of tendons, under vinculum

frenzy frenzy (fren´ze)

Extreme mental or emotional excitement. [thr. Old Fr. and L. fr. G. phrenesis, inflammation of the brain, fr. phren, mind]

frequency (nu) frequency (nu) (fre´kwen-se)

The number of regular recurrences in a given time, e.g., heartbeats, sound vibrations. [L. frequens, repeated, often, constant]
critical flicker fusion f. the minimal number of flashes of light per second at which an intermittent light stimulus no longer stimulates a continuous visual sensation.
f. domain the expression of a function by its amplitude and phase at each component f., usually as determined by Fourier analysis.
dominant f. the f. occurring most often in an electroencephalogram.
f. encoding in magnetic resonance imaging, a method of varying the magnetic field strength with location to encode the location of each voxel uniquely in one direction.
fundamental f. 1. the principal component of a sound wave, which has the greatest wavelength; 2. tone produced by the vibration of the vocal folds before the air reaches any cavities.
gene f. 1. the probability that a gene picked at random from a defined population is of a particular type; 2. epidemiologically, the proportion of genes in a population that are of the particular type; 3. statistically, the estimate of either of the foregoing two quantities.
Larmor f. in magnetic resonance, the precessional f., n₀, of magnetic nuclei in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the external magnetic field; v₀ = gammaB₀/2pi, where B₀ is the magnetic field strength and gamma is the magnetogyric ratio.
f. of micturition micturition at short intervals; it may result from increased urine formation, decreased bladder capacity, or lower urinary tract irritation.
mutational f. the proportions of mutations in a population.
nearest neighbor f. the f. by which certain types of entities or structures are immediately adjacent to a given structure.
resonant f. the f. at which individual magnetic nuclei absorb or emit radiofrequency energy in magnetic resonance studies.resonance (6) ;
respiratory f. (f) the number of breaths per minute.

Frerichs Frerichs

Friedrich T. von, German pathologist and clinician, 1819-1885. See F.'s theory.

freshening freshening (fresh´en-ing)

Preparation of an open, partially healed wound for secondary closure by removal of fibrin, granulations, and early scar tissue.

Fresnel Fresnel

Augustin Jean, French physicist, 1788-1827. See F. lens, prism.

fressreflex fressreflex (fres´re-fleks)

Sucking and chewing movements elicited by stimulation of the face and lips. [Ger fr. fressen, to feed, said of animals]

fretting fretting (fret´ing)

Abrasive polishing and wear of two metallic surfaces at their interface due to repetitive motion. [M.E., fr. O.E. fretan, to devour]

fretum fretum, pl. freta (fre´tum, -ta)

A strait; a constriction. [L.]

Freud Freud

Sigmund, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, 1856-1939, founder of psychoanalysis. See freudian; freudian fixation; freudian psychoanalysis; freudian slip; F.'s theory.

freudian freudian (froyd´e-an)

Relating to or described by Freud.
f. slip A mistake in speech or deed which presumably suggests some underlying motive, often sexual or aggressive in nature.

Freund Freund

Jules, U.S. bacteriologist, 1891-1960. See F.'s complete adjuvant, incomplete adjuvant.

Freund Freund

Wilhelm A., German gynecologist, 1833-1918. See F.'s anomaly, operation.

Frey Frey

Lucie, Polish physician, 1852-1932. See F.'s syndrome.

Frey Frey

Max von, German physician, 1852-1932. See F.'s hairs, under hair.

FRF FRF

Abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor.

FRH FRH

Abbreviation for follitropin-releasing hormone.

friable friable (frI´a-bl)

1. Easily reduced to powder. 2. In bacteriology, denoting a dry and brittle culture falling into powder when touched or shaken. [L. friabilis, fr. frio, to crumble]

fricative fricative (frik´a-tiv)

Speech sound made by forcing the air stream through a narrow orifice.

friction friction (frik´shun)

1. The act of rubbing the surface of an object against that of another; especially rubbing the limbs of the body to aid the circulation. 2. The force required for relative motion of two bodies that are in contact. [L. frictio, fr. frico, to rub]
dynamic f. the force that must be overcome to maintain steady motion of one body relative to another because they remain in contact. Cf. starting f.
starting f. the force that must be overcome to initiate the motion of one body relative to another because they have been resting in contact. Cf. dynamic f. static f;
static f. starting f

Fridenberg Fridenberg

Percy H., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1868-1960. See F.'s stigometric card test.

Fridenberg's stigometric card test Fridenberg's stigometric card test

See under test.

Friderichsen Friderichsen

Carl, Danish physician, *1886. See Waterhouse-F. syndrome; Friderichsen-Waterhouse syndrome.

Friedländer Friedländer

Carl, German pathologist, 1847-1887. See F.'s bacillus, pneumonia, stain for capsules.

Friedman Friedman

Emanuel A., U.S. obstetrician, *1926. See F. curve.

Friedreich Friedreich

Nikolaus, German neurologist, 1825-1882. See F.'s ataxia, phenomenon, sign.

Friend Friend

Charlotte, U.S. microbiologist, *1921. See F. disease, virus, leukemia virus.

frigid frigid (frij´id)

1. cold 2. Temperamentally, especially sexually, cold or irresponsive. [L. frigidus, cold]

frigidity frigidity (fri-jid´i-te)

1. Impotence in the female. 2. The state of being frigid (2); female sexual inadequacy ranging from the freudian concept of inability to achieve orgasm to any degree of sexual response considered unsatisfactory by either the female or her partner.

frigorific frigorific (frig-o-rif´ik)

Producing cold. [L. frigus, cold, + facio, to make]

frigorism frigorism (frig´o-rizm)

cryopathy [L. frigus, cold]

fringe fringe (frinj)

fimbria (1)
costal f. an irregularly disposed collection of visible veins seen in the skin of people usually of or past middle age; it has no specific connection with any deep structure, such as the diaphragm, and no necessary connection with underlying visceral disease.zona corona;
Richard's f.'s fimbriae of uterine tube, under fimbria
synovial f. synovial villi, under villus

frit frit (frit)

1. The material from which the glaze for artificial teeth is made. 2. A powdered pigment material used in coloring the porcelain of artificial teeth. [Fr. frit, fried]

Fritsch Fritsch

Heinrich, German gynecologist, 1844-1915. See Bozeman-F. catheter.

Froehde Froehde

A., 19th century German chemist. See F.'s reagent.

frog frog (frog)

1. An amphibian in the order Anura, which includes the toads; the commonest frog genera are Rana (grass frogs) and Hyla (tree frogs). 2. A specialized portion of the hoof of the horse; a wedge-shaped, horny mass lying between the bars and the sole on the ground surface of the foot. [A.S. frogge]

Fröhlich Fröhlich

Alfred, Austrian neurologist and pharmacologist, 1871-1953. See F.'s dwarfism, syndrome.

Frohn Frohn

Damianus, German physician, *1843. See F.'s reagent.

Froin Froin

Georges, French physician, 1874-1932. See F.'s syndrome.

frôlement frôlement (frol-mon´)

1. Light friction or massage with the palm of the hand. 2. A rustling sound heard in auscultation. [Fr.]

Froment Froment

Jules, Lyon physician, 1878-1946. See F.'s sign.

Frommel Frommel

Richard, German gynecologist, 1854-1912. See Chiari-F. syndrome.

frons frons, gen. frontis (fronz, fron´tis) [NA]

forehead [L.]

front front (frunt)

The position of the leading edge of the solvent in chromatography.

frontad frontad (frun´tad)

Toward the front.

frontal frontal (frun´tal)

1. In front; relating to the anterior part of a body. 2. Referring to the frontal (coronal) plane or to the frontal bone or forehead.frontalis [NA] ;

frontalis frontalis (frun-ta´lis) [NA]

frontal [L.]

frontomalar frontomalar (frun´to-ma´lar)

frontozygomatic

frontomaxillary frontomaxillary (frun´to-mak´si-la-re)

Relating to the frontal and the maxillary bones.

frontonasal frontonasal (frun´to-na´sal)

Relating to the frontal and the nasal bones.

fronto-occipital fronto-occipital (frun´to-ok-sip´i-tal)

Relating to the frontal and the occipital bones, or to the forehead and the occiput.

frontoparietal frontoparietal (frun´to-pa-rI´e-tal)

Relating to the frontal and the parietal bones.

frontotemporal frontotemporal (frun-to-tem´po-ral)

Relating to the frontal and the temporal bones.

frontotemporale frontotemporale (frun´to-tem-po-ra´le)

A craniometric point located at the most anterior point of the temporal line on the frontal bone.

frontozygomatic frontozygomatic (frun´to-zI´go-mat´ik)

Relating to the frontal and zygomatic bones.frontomalar;

Froriep Froriep

August von, German anatomist, 1849-1917. See F.'s ganglion, induration.

Frost Frost

William A., English ophthalmologist, 1853-1935.

Frost Frost

Albert D., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1889-1945. See F. suture.

frost frost

A deposit resembling that of frozen vapor or dew.
urea f. , uremic f. powdery deposits on the skin, especially the face, of urea and uric acid salts due to excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the sweat; seen in severe uremia.uridrosis crystallina;

frostbite frostbite (frost´bIt)

Local tissue destruction resulting from exposure to extreme cold; in mild cases, it results in superficial, reversible freezing followed by erythema and slight pain; in severe cases, it can be painless or paresthetic and result in blistering, persistent edema, and gangrene. F. is currently treated by rapid rewarming.dermatitis congelationis;

frottage frottage (fro-tahzh´)

1. The rubbing movement in massage. 2. Production of sexual excitement by rubbing against someone. [F. a rubbing]

frotteur frotteur (fro-tuhr´)

One who gets sexual excitement through frottage.

FRS FRS

Abbreviation for first rank symptoms, under symptom.

F.R.S. F.R.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Society.

F.R.S.C. F.R.S.C.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Society (Canada).

Fru Fru

Symbol for fructose.

fructans fructans (fruk´tanz)

High-molecular weight polysaccharides of fructose; e.g., inulin.

fructo- fructo-

Chemical prefix denoting the fructose configuration. [L. fructus, fruit]

fructofuranose fructofuranose (fruk-to-fur´a-nos, fruk-)

Fructose in furanose form.

beta-fructofuranosidase beta-fructofuranosidase (fruk´to-fur-a-no-sId´as, fruk-)

beta-h-Fructosidase;an enzyme hydrolyzing beta-d-fructofuranosides and releasing free d-fructose; if the substrate is sucrose, the product is d-glucose plus d-fructose (invert sugar); invert sugar is more easily digestible than sucrose.invertase, invertin, saccharase;

fructokinase fructokinase (fruk-to-kI´nas, fruk-)

A liver enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of ATP and d-fructose to form fructose 6-phosphate and ADP; deficient in individuals with essential fructosuria (hepatic f. deficiency).

fructolysis fructolysis (fruk-to´lI-sis)

The conversion of fructose to lactate; analogous to glycolysis.

fructosan fructosan (fruk´to-san, fruk-)

A polysaccharide of fructose (e.g., inulin) containing small amounts of other sugars; present in certain tubers.levan, levulan, levulin, levulosan, polyfructose;

fructose (Fru) fructose (Fru) (fruk´tos, fruk-)

d-arabino-2-Hexulose;the d-isomer (also referred to as fruit sugar, levoglucose, levulose, and d-arabino-2-hexulose, is a 2-ketohexose that in d form is physiologically the most important of the ketohexoses and one of the two products of sucrose hydrolysis, and is metabolized or converted to glycogen in the absence of insulin. [L. fructus, fruit, + -ose]

fructose-bisphosphatase fructose-bisphosphatase

A hydrolase that catalyzes conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to d-fructose 6-phosphate and phosphate in gluconeogenesis; AMP is an allosteric inhibitor; f.-b. deficiency results in problems with impaired gluconeogenesis; there is a similar enzyme that acts on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

fructose 1,6-bisphosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A key intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.hexosebisphosphatase, hexosediphosphatase;

fructose 2,6-bisphosphate fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

An analog of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate that plays a key role in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; activates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

fructose-bisphosphate aldolase fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate triophosphate-lyase;an enzyme reversibly cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; also acts on certain ketose 1-phosphates; deficient in individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance (aldolase B); a deficiency of aldolase A leads to erythrocyte aldolase deficiency with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Cf. hereditary fructose intolerance. 1-phosphofructaldolase, fructose-diphosphate aldolase;

fructose-diphosphate aldolase fructose-diphosphate aldolase

fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

fructosemia fructosemia (fruk-to-se´me-a, fruk-)

Presence of fructose in the circulating blood. See also hereditary fructose intolerance.levulosemia;

fructose 1-phosphate fructose 1-phosphate

A fructose derivative that accumulates in individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance.

fructose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate

An intermediate in glycolysis and in transketolation of erythrose 4-phosphate.Neuberg ester;

fructoside fructoside (fruk´to-sId, fruk´)

Fructose in -C-O- linkage where the -C-O- group is the original 2 group of the fructose.

fructosuria fructosuria (fruk-to-su´re-a, fruk-)

Excretion of fructose in the urine.levulosuria; [fructose + G. ouron, urine]
essential f. [MIM*229800] a benign, asymptomatic inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of fructokinase, the first enzyme in the specific fructose pathway; fructose appears in the blood and urine, but is simply excreted unchanged; autosomal recessive inheritance. A fructokinase deficiency. See also hereditary fructose intolerance.

fructosyl- fructosyl-

Chemical prefix indicating fructose in -C-R- (not -C-O-R-) linkage through its carbon-2 (R usually C).

frusemide frusemide (fru´se-mId)

furosemide

frustration frustration (frus´tra´shun)

A psychologic or psychiatric term indicating the thwarting of or inability to gratify a desire or to satisfy an urge or need. [L. frustro, pp. -atus, to deceive, disappoint, fr. frustra (adv.), in vain]

FSH FSH

Abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone.

FSH-RF FSH-RF

Abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor.

FSH-RH FSH-RH

Abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone.

ft. ft.

Abbreviation for L. fiat, let it be done (made); abbreviation for foot or feet.

FTA-ABS FTA-ABS

Abbreviation for fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption. See fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test.

FTI FTI

Abbreviation for free thyroxine index.

Fuc Fuc

Abbreviation for fucose.

Fuchs Fuchs

Ernst, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1851-1930. See F.'s adenoma; angle of F.; F.'s heterochromic cyclitis, coloboma, epithelial dystrophy, black spot, spur, stomas, under stoma, syndrome, uveitis; Dalen-F. nodules, under nodule.

fuchsin fuchsin (fuk´sin)

A nonspecific term referring to any of several red rosanilin dyes used as stains in histology and bacteriology. [Leonhard Fuchs, German botantist, 1501-1506]
acid f. [C.I. 42685] a mixture of the sodium salts bi- and trisulfonic acids of rosanilin and pararosanilin; used as an indicator dye and for staining of cytoplasm and collagen.rubin S, rubine;
aldehyde f. a stain developed by Gomori, utilizing basic f. paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid; it produces violet staining of elastic fibers, mast cell granules, gastric chief cells, beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and certain hypophyseal beta granules; other pituitary granules and cells stain in other colors. See also Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin stain.
aniline f. a mixture of aniline and basic f. in 30% ethanol with a trace of phenol, as in Goodpasture's stain.
basic f. [C.I. 42500] a triphenylmethane dye whose dominant component is pararosanilin; an important stain in histology, histochemistry, and bacteriology.diamond f;
carbol f. See carbol-fuchsin paint, Ziehl's stain.
diamond f. basic f

fuchsinophil fuchsinophil (fuk´si-no-fil)

1. Staining readily with fuchsin dyes.fuchsinophilic; 2. A cell or histologic element that stains readily with fuchsin. [fuchsin + G. philos, fond]

fuchsinophilia fuchsinophilia (fuk´si-no-fil´e-a)

The property of staining readily with fuchsin.

fuchsinophilic fuchsinophilic (fuk´si-no-fil´ik)

fuchsinophil (1)

fucose (Fuc) fucose (Fuc) (fyu´kos)

6-Deoxygalactose;a methylpentose, the l-configuration of which occurs in the mucopolysaccharides of the blood group substances, in human milk (as a polysaccharide), and elsewhere in nature. The d-configuration has been found in certain antibiotics.rhodeose;

a-fucosidase a-fucosidase (fyu-kos´i-das)

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an an a-l-fucoside, producing an alcohol and l-fucose; a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme will result in fucosidosis.

fucosidosis fucosidosis (fyu´ko-sI-do´sis) [MIM*230000]

A metabolic storage disease characterized by accumulation of fucose-containing glycolipids and deficiency of the enzyme a-fucosidase; progressive neurologic deterioration begins after the first year of life, accompanied by spasticity, tremor, and mild skeletal changes; autosomal recessive inheritance.

FUDR FUDR

Abbreviation for fluorodeoxyuridine. See floxuridine.

fugacity (f) fugacity (f) (fu-gas´i-te)

The tendency of the molecules in a fluid, as a result of all forces acting on them, to leave a given site in the body; the escaping tendency of a fluid, as in diffusion, evaporation, etc. [L. fuga, flight]

-fugal -fugal

Movement away from the part indicated by the main portion of the word. [L. fugio, to flee]

-fuge -fuge

Flight, denoting the place from which flight takes place or that which is put to flight. [L. fuga a running away]

fugitive fugitive (fyu´ji-tiv)

1. Temporary; transient. 2. Fleeting; denoting certain inconstant symptoms. [L. fugitivus, fleeing, fr. fugio, pp. fugitus, to flee]

fugue fugue (fug)

A condition in which an individual suddenly abandons a present activity or lifestyle and starts a new and different one for a period of time, often in a different city; afterward, the individual alleges amnesia for events occurring during the f. period, although earlier events are remembered and habits and skills are usually unaffected. [Fr. fr. L. fuga, flight]

fugutoxin fugutoxin (fu´gu-tok-sin)

The potent poison derived from the ovaries and skin of the Pacific pufferfish. See also tetradotoxin.

fulcrum fulcrum, pl. fulcra fulcrums (ful´krum, -kra, -krumz)

A support or the point thereon on which a lever turns. [L. a bedpost, fr. fulcio, to prop up]

fulgurant fulgurant (ful´gu-rant)

Sharp and piercing. Cf. fulminant. fulgurating (1) ; [L. fulgur, flashing lightning]

fulgurating fulgurating (ful´gu-ra-ting)

1. fulgurant 2. Relating to fulguration.

fulguration fulguration (ful-gu-ra´shun)

Destruction of tissue by means of a high-frequency electric current: direct f. utilizes an insulated electrode with a metal point, which is connected to the uniterminal of the high-frequency apparatus, from which a spark of electricity is allowed to impinge on the area to be treated; indirect f. involves directly connecting the patient by a metal handle to the uniterminal and utilizing an active electrode to complete an arc from the patient. [L. fulgur, lightning stroke]

fulminant fulminant (ful´mi-nant)

Occurring suddenly, with lightning-like rapidity, and with great intensity or severity; applied to certain pains, e.g., those of tabes dorsalis. Cf. fulgurant. [L. fulmino, pp. -atus, to hurl lightning, fr. fulmen, lightning]

fulminating fulminating (ful´mi-na´ting)

Running a speedy course, with rapid worsening.

fumarase fumarase (fyu´ma-ras)

fumarate hydratase

fumarate hydratase fumarate hydratase (fyu´ma-rat)

An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of fumaric acid and water to malic acid, a reaction of importance in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A deficiency will lead to mental retardation.fumarase;

fumarate reductase (NADH) fumarate reductase (NADH) [EC 1.3.1.6]

succinate dehydrogenase

fumaric acid fumaric acid (fyu-mar´ik)

trans-Butanedioic acid;an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid occurring as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.allomaleic acid;

fumaric acidemia fumaric acidemia

Elevated levels of fumarate in blood plasma; due to a decrease in activity of fumarate hydratase.

fumaric aminase fumaric aminase

aspartate ammonia-lyase

fumaric hydrogenase fumaric hydrogenase

succinate dehydrogenase

fumarylacetoacetate fumarylacetoacetate (fyu-ma´ril-as-e´to-as-e-tat)

HOOCCH=CHCOCH₂COCH₂COOH;an intermediate in phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism; elevated in tyrosinemia IA.
f. hydrolase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of f. to fumarate and acetoacetate; a deficiency indicates tyrosinemia IA.

fumigant fumigant (fyu´mi-gant)

A substance utilized in fumigation.

fumigate fumigate (fyu´mi-gat)

To expose to the action of smoke or of fumes of any kind as a means of disinfection or eradication. [L. fumigo pp. -atus, to fumigate, fr. fumus, smoke, + ago, to drive]

fumigation fumigation (fyu-mi-ga´shun)

The act of fumigating; the use of a fumigant.

fuming fuming (fyum´ing)

Giving forth a visible vapor, a property of concentrated nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids, and certain other substances. [L. fumus, smoke]

functio laesa functio laesa (fungk´she-o le´sa)

Loss of function; a fifth sign of inflammation added by Galen to those enunciated by Celsus (rubor, tumor, calor, and dolor). [L.]

function function (fungk´shun)

1. The special action or physiologic property of an organ or other part of the body. 2. To perform its special work or office, said of an organ or other part of the body. 3. The general properties of any substance, depending on its chemical character and relation to other substances, according to which it may be grouped among acids, bases, alcohols, esters, etc. 4. A particular reactive grouping in a molecule; e.g., a functional group, such as the -OH group of an alcohol. 5. A quality, trait, or fact that is so related to another as to be dependent upon and to vary with this other. [L. functio, fr. fungor, pp. functus, to perform]
allomeric f. the combined f. of the several segments of the spinal cord and medulla, communicating with each other by means of the white matter.
arousal f. the ability of a sensory event to arouse the cortex to vigilance or readiness.
atrial transport f. the role of the atria in filling and stretching the ventricles by their presystolic contraction, without which the force of ventricular contraction and hence the cardiac output may significantly decrease.
discriminant f. a particular combination of continuous variable test results designed to achieve separation of groups; e.g., a single number representing a combination of weighted laboratory test results designed to discriminate between clinical classes.
isomeric f. the individual f. of an isolated segment of the spinal cord.
line spread f. (LSF) a measure of the ability of a system to form sharp images; in radiology, determined by measuring the spatial density distribution on film of the x-ray image of a narrow slit in a dense metal, such as uranium; from this can be calculated the modulation transfer f.
modulation transfer f. (MTF) in depicting radionuclide distribution or radiographic systems, the efficiency, at a given spatial frequency, of transferring the modulation of the object to that of the image; it is a more complete expression of spatial resolution and is used to evaluate imaging systems and their components; also known as the frequency response function or contrast transmission f.; usually given as a plot of percent amplitude response versus frequency in cycles per mm.

functional functional (funk´shun-al)

1. Relating to a function. 2. Not organic in origin; denoting a disorder with no known or detectable organic basis to explain the symptoms. See neurosis.

functionalism functionalism (funk´shun-al-izm)

A branch of psychology concerned with the function of mental processes in man and animals, especially the role of the mind, intellect, emotions, and behavior in an individual's adaptation to the environment. Cf. structuralism.

function corrector function corrector

A removable orthodontic appliance utilizing oral and facial muscle forces to move teeth and possibly change the relationship of the dental arches.

fundament fundament (fun´da-ment)

1. A foundation. 2. The anus. [L. fundamentum, foundation, fr. fundus, bottom]

fundectomy fundectomy (fun-dek´to-me)

fundusectomy [fundus + G. ektome, excision]

fundic fundic (fun´dik)

Relating to a fundus.

fundiform fundiform (fun´di-form)

Looped; sling-shaped. [L. funda, a sling, + forma, shape]

fundoplication fundoplication (fun´do-pli-ka´shun)

Suture of the fundus of the stomach around the esophagus to prevent reflux in repair of hiatal hernia.Nissen's operation; [fundus + L. plico, to fold]

Fundulus Fundulus (fun´du-lus)

A genus of marine and freshwater fish, of many species, native to the U.S.; commonly called killifish, mumichog, or mudfish. They are widely used as bait fish, experimental fish, or in mosquito-control programs. [Mod. L. fr. L. fundus, bottom]

fundus fundus, pl. fundi (fun´dus, dI) [NA]

The bottom or lowest part of a sac or hollow organ; that part farthest removed from the opening or exit; occasionally a broad cul-de-sac. [L. bottom]
f. albipuncta´tus [MIM*136880] a nonprogressive disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium characterized by numerous discrete, white dots; night blindness is a feature; the genetics involved are unclear.
f. diabet´icus diabetic retinopathy
f. flavimacula´tus [MIM*230100] a genetic disorder of the pigment epithelium of the retina manifested by yellowish white flecks; some loss of central vision is involved; probably autosomal recesssive.
f. of gallbladder the wide closed end of the gallbladder situated at the inferior border of the liver.f. vesicae biliaris (felleae) [NA] ;
f. gas´tricus [NA] f. of stomach
f. of internal acoustic meatus the thin cribriform plate of bone separating the cochlea and vestibule from the internal acoustic meatus; a transverse crest divides it into two regions; in the superior region are located the area nervi facialis and the area vestibularis superior; in the inferior region are located the area cochleae, area vestibularis inferior, and foramen singulare.f. meatus acustici interni [NA], f. of internal auditory meatus;
f. of internal auditory meatus f. of internal acoustic meatus
leopard f. tessellated f
f. mea´tus acus´tici inter´ni [NA] f. of internal acoustic meatus
mosaic f. tessellated f
f. oc´uli the portion of the interior of the eyeball around the posterior pole, visible through the ophthalmoscope. See eyegrounds.
pepper and salt f. ophthalmoscopic appearance of the f. caused by choriocapillaris atrophy and pigment proliferation.
f. polycythe´micus the engorged, dilated veins, with cyanotic retina, occurring in erythremia.
f. of stomach the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.f. gastricus [NA], f. ventriculi, greater cul-de-sac;
tessellated f. a normal f. to which a deeply pigmented choroid gives the appearance of dark polygonal areas between the choroidal vessels, especially in the periphery.f. tigré, leopard f., leopard retina, mosaic f., tigroid f., tigroid retina;
f. tigré tessellated f
tigroid f. tessellated f
f. tym´pani floor of tympanic cavity
f. of urinary bladder the f. is formed by the posterior wall which is somewhat convex.f. vesicae urinariae [NA], bas-fond, base of bladder;
f. u´teri [NA] f. of uterus
f. of uterus the upper rounded extremity of the uterus above the openings of the uterine (fallopian) tubes.f. uteri [NA] ;
f. ventric´uli * official alternate term for f. of stomach
f. vesi´cae biliar´is (fel´leae) [NA] f. of gallbladder
f. vesi´cae urina´riae [NA] f. of urinary bladder

funduscope funduscope (fun´dus-skop)

ophthalmoscope [L. fundus, bottom, + G. skopeo, to view]

funduscopy funduscopy (fun-dus´ko-pe)

ophthalmoscopy

fundusectomy fundusectomy (fun-du-sek´to-me)

Excision of the fundus of an organ.fundectomy; [L. fundus, + G. ektome, excision]

fungal fungal (fung´gal)

fungous

fungate fungate (fung´gat)

To grow exuberantly like a fungus or spongy growth.

fungemia fungemia (fun-je´me-a)

Fungal infection disseminated by way of the bloodstream.

Fungi Fungi (fun´jI)

A division of eukaryotic organisms that grow in irregular masses, without roots, stems, or leaves, and are devoid of chlorophyll or other pigments capable of photosynthesis. Each organism (thallus) is unicellular to filamentous, and possesses branched somatic structures (hyphae) surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose or chitin or both, and containing true nuclei. They reproduce sexually or asexually (spore formation), and may obtain nutrition from other living organisms as parasites or from dead organic matter as saprobes (saprophytes). [L. fungus, a mushroom]

fungi fungi (fun´jI)

Plural of fungus.

fungicidal fungicidal (fun-ji-sI´dal)

Having a killing action on fungi. [fungus + L. caedo, to kill]

fungicide fungicide (fun´ji-sId)

Any substance that has a destructive killing action upon fungi.mycocide;

fungicidin fungicidin (fun-ji-sI´din)

nystatin

fungiform fungiform (fun´ji-form)

Shaped like a fungus or mushroom; applied to any structure with a broad, often branched, free portion and a narrower base.fungilliform;

Fungi Imperfecti Fungi Imperfecti (fun´jI im-per-fek´tI)

A phylum of fungi in which sexual reproduction is not known or in which one of the mating types has not yet been discovered. Formerly, most fungi causing disease in humans were considered asexual and were placed in this class, but studies have revealed that they are not imperfect and that in their sexual forms they can be classified as ascomycetes or basidiomycetes.

fungilliform fungilliform (fun-jil´i-form)

fungiform [Mod L. fungillus, dim. of L. fungus]

fungistat fungistat (fun´ji-stat)

An agent having fungistatic action.

fungistatic fungistatic (fun-ji-stat´ik)

Having an inhibiting action upon the growth of fungi.mycostatic; [fungus + G. statos, standing]

fungitoxic fungitoxic (fun-ji-tok´sik)

Poisonous or in any way deleterious to the growth of fungi.

fungitoxicity fungitoxicity (fun´ji-tok-sis´i-te)

The property of being fungitoxic.

fungoid fungoid (fung´goyd)

Resembling a fungus; denoting an exuberant morbid growth on the surface of the body.

fungosity fungosity (fung-gos´i-te)

A fungoid growth.

fungous fungous (fung´gus)

Relating to a fungus.fungal;

fungus fungus, pl. fungi /B> (fung´gus, fun´jI)

A general term used to encompass the diverse morphological forms of yeasts and molds. Originally classified as primitive plants without chlorophyll, the fungi are placed in the kingdom Fungi and some in the kingdom Protista, along with the algae (all but the blue-green algae), the protozoa, and the slime molds. Fungi share with bacteria the important ability to break down complex organic substances of almost every type (cellulose) and are essential to the recycling of carbon and other elements in the cycle of life. Fungi are important as foods and to the fermentation process in the development of substances of industrial and medical importance, including alcohol, the antibiotics, other drugs, and antitoxins. Relatively few fungi are pathogenic for humans, whereas most plant diseases are caused by fungi. [L. fungus, a mushroom]
f. cer´ebri an ulcerated cerebral hernia with granulation tissue protruding from scalp wound.
dematiaceous fungi (de-mat´e-a-ce-ous) dark f. that form melanin. [Mod. L. Dematium (genus name), fr. g. demation, fine strand, fr. dema, band, fr. deo, to bind + suffix -aceous, characterized by]
fission fungi Schizomycetes
imperfect f. a f. in which the means of sexual reproduction is not yet recognized; these fungi generally reproduce by means of conidia.
perfect f. a f. possessing both sexual and asexual means of reproduction, and in which both mating forms are recognized.
ray f. a bacterium which is a member of the order Actinomycetales.
thrush f. Candida albicans
umbilical f. a mass of granulation tissue on the stump of the umbilical cord in the newborn.
yeast f. obsolete term for Saccharomyces.

funic funic (few´nik)

Relating to the funis, or umbilical cord.funicular (2) ;

funicle funicle (fyu´ni-kl)

cord

funicular funicular (fyu-nik´yu-lar)

1. Relating to a funiculus. 2. funic

funiculitis funiculitis (fyu-nik´yu-lI´tis)

Inflammation of a funiculus, especially of the spermatic cord. 3. Inflammation of the umbilical cord usually associated with chorioamnionitis. [funiculus + G. -itis, inflammation]
endemic f. filarial f
filarial f. cellulitis of the spermatic cord due to filariasis; occurs endemically in Sri Lanka and Egypt, and probably elsewhere in the East.endemic f;

funiculopexy funiculopexy (fyu-nik´yu-lo-pek-se)

Suturing of the spermatic cord to the surrounding tissue in the correction of an undescended testicle. [funiculus + G. pexis, a fixing]

funiculus funiculus, pl. funiculi (fyu-nik´yu-lus, -lI) [NA]

cord [L. dim. of funis, cord]
f. am´nii amniotic cord found in several domestic animals.
anterior f. anterior white column of spinal cord, a column or bundle of white matter on either side of the anterior median fissure, between that and the anterolateral sulcus.f. anterior [NA] ;
f. ante´rior [NA] anterior f
cuneate f. cuneate fasciculus
dorsal f. posterior f
f. dorsa´lis posterior f
f. gra´cilis fasciculus gracilis
lateral f. the lateral white column of the spinal cord between the lines of exit and entrance of the anterior and posterior nerve roots.f. lateralis [NA], anterolateral column of spinal cord, lateral f. of spinal cord;
f. latera´lis [NA] lateral f
lateral f. of spinal cord lateral f
funic´uli medu´llae spina´lis [NA] any of the columns of the spinal cord.
posterior f. posterior white column of the spinal cord, the large wedge-shaped fiber bundle lying between the posterior gray column and the posterior median septum, and composed largely of dorsal root fibers.f. posterior [NA], dorsal f., f. dorsalis;
f. poste´rior [NA] posterior f
f. sep´arans an oblique ridge in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, separating the area postrema from the vagal trigone.
f. solita´rius solitary tract
f. spermat´icus [NA] spermatic cord
f. te´res medial eminence
f. umbilica´lis [NA] umbilical cord

funiform funiform (fyu´ni-form)

Ropelike. [L. funis, cord, + forma, shape]

funipuncture funipuncture (fyu-ne-punk-chur)

cordocentesis [L. funis, cord, + puncture]

funis funis (fyu´nis)

1. umbilical cord 2. A cordlike structure. [L. a rope, cord]

funnel funnel (fun´el)

1. A hollow conical vessel with a tube of variable length proceeding from its apex, used in pouring fluids from one container to another, in filtering, etc. 2. In anatomy, an infundibulum.
Büchner f. a porcelain f. that contains a perforated porcelain plate upon which filter paper can be laid.
Martegiani's f. the funnel-shaped dilation on the optic disk that indicates the beginning of the hyaloid canal.Martegiani's area;
pial f. the pia-lined channel in which each blood vessel entering the brain lies suspended; essentially, the pial f.'s are perivascular extensions of the subarachnoid space.

FUO FUO

Abbreviation for fever of unknown origin.

fur fur (fer)

1. The coat of soft, fine hair of some mammals. 2. A layer of epithelium, mucus, and debris on the dorsum of the tongue. Its relation to underlying disease or disturbance of the alimentary canal is not proved. [M.E. furre, fr. O.Fr., fr. Germanic]

fura-2 fura-2 (fu´ra)

A fluorescent indicator which binds calcium; it is excited at longer wavelengths when free of calcium than when calcium is bound; the ratio of fluorescence intensity at two excitation wavelengths provides a measure of free calcium ion concentration; may be injected into cells to monitor moment-to-moment changes in intracellular free calcium ion concentration. See also aequorin.

furaltadone furaltadone (fyu-ral´ta-don)

Furmethonol; nitrofurmethone; a complex morpholino-furfuryl-oxazolidone;an antibacterial agent.

furan furan (fyur´an)

A cyclic compound found, usually in saturated form, in those sugars with an oxygen bridge between carbon atoms 1 and 4, or 2 and 5, or 3 and 7, for which reason they are known as furanoses.

furanose furanose (fyur´a-nos)

A saccharide unit or molecule containing the furan grouping; specific examples are preceded by prefixes indicating the configuration, e.g., fructofuranose, ribofuranose. [furan + -ose(1)]

furazolidone furazolidone (fyu-ra-zol´i-don)

3-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylideneamino)-2-oxazolidione;has antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity against enteric organisms; used in the treatment of bacterial enteritis and diarrhea.

furcal furcal (fer´kal)

Forked.

furcation furcation (fur-ka´shun)

1. A forking, or a forklike part or branch. 2. In dental histology, the region of a multirooted tooth at which the roots divide. [L. furca, fork]

furcula furcula (fer´kyu-la)

1. The fused clavicles, which form the V-shaped bone (wishbone) of the bird's skeleton. 2. In the embryo, an inverted U-shaped elevation that appears on the ventral wall of the pharynx, being formed by the two linear ridges and the caudal part of the hypobranchial eminence; the depression enclosed by the U is the laryngotracheal groove. [L. a forked prop, dim. of furca, a fork]

furfur furfur, pl. furfures (fer´fer, fer´fyu-rez)

An epidermal scale; e.g., dandruff. [L. bran]

furfuraceous furfuraceous (fer-fyu-ra´shus)

Branny, or composed of small scales; denoting a form of desquamation.pityroid; [L. furfuraceus, fr. furfur, bran]

furfural furfural (fer´fyur-al)

C₄H₃O-CHO; C₄H₃O-CHO;a colorless, aromatic, irritating fluid obtained in the distillation of bran with dilute sulfuric acid; used in the manufacture of medicinal agents.

furfurol furfurol (fer´fyur-ol)

Misnomer for furfural and furfuryl alcohol.

furfuryl furfuryl (fer´fyu-ril)

The monovalent radical derived from f. alcohol by loss of the OH group.
f. alcohol 2-furanmethanol; 2-hydroxymethylfuran;a solvent and wetting agent.

furnace furnace (fur´nas)

A stovelike apparatus containing a chamber for heating, melting, or fusing.
dental f. 1. a f. used to eliminate the wax pattern from the investment mold prior to casting in metal; 2. a f. used to fuse and glaze dental porcelains.
muffle f. 1. an electric f. heated by direct transfer of heat from a resistant muffle; 2. a dental f. heated by a muffle.

furor epilepticus furor epilepticus (fyu´ror ep-i-lep´ti-kus)

Attacks of anger to which epileptic individuals are occasionally subject, occurring without apparent provocation and without disturbance of consciousness.

furosemide furosemide (fyu-ro´se-mid, -mId)

4-Chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid;a diuretic used in edematous states and hypertension.frusemide;

furrow furrow (fer´ro)

A groove or sulcus. [A.S. furh]
digital f. digital crease
genital f. a groove on the genital tubercle in the embryo, appearing toward the end of the second month.
gluteal f. gluteal fold
mentolabial f. mentolabial sulcus
primitive f. primitive groove
skin f.'s the numerous grooves of variable depth on the surface of the epidermis.sulci cutis [NA], skin grooves;

furuncle furuncle (fyu´rung-kl)

A localized pyogenic infection, most frequently by Staphylococcus aureus, originating deep in a hair follicle.boil, furunculus; [L. furunculus, a petty thief]

furuncular furuncular (fyu-rung´kyu-lar)

Relating to a furuncle.furunculous;

furunculoid furunculoid (fyu-rung´kyu-loyd)

Resembling a furuncle. [furunculus + G. eidos, resemblance]

furunculosis furunculosis (fyu-rung-kyu-lo´sis)

A condition marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent.
f. orienta´lis the lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

furunculous furunculous (fyu-rung´kyu-lus)

furuncular

furunculus furunculus, pl. furunculi (fyu-rung´kyu-lus, -lI)

furuncle [L. a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur, a thief]

Fusarium Fusarium (fyu-za´re-um)

A genus of rapidly growing fungi producing characteristic sickle-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia which can be mistaken for those produced by some dermatophytes. Usually saprobic, a few species such as F. oxysporum and F. solani, F. moniliforme, and other species can produce corneal ulcers; some species are common colonizers of burned skin and some species may cause disseminated hyalohyphomycosis. [L. fusus, spindle]
F. graminearum a species producing the toxin zearalenone, which causes estrogenism in pigs.
F. moniliforme a species producing the toxin fumonisin B₁, which causes equine leukoencephalomalacia in horses and other Equidae.

fuseau fuseau (fe-zo)

A fusiform or spindle-shaped, multiseptate macroconidium. [Fr. spindle fr. L. fusus]

fusidate sodium fusidate sodium (fyu´si-dat)

The sodium salt of fusidic acid; has antibacterial properties.sodium fusidate;

fusidic acid fusidic acid (fyu-sid´ik)

3a,11a,16beta-Trihydroxy-4a,8, 14-trimethyl-18-nor-5a,8a,9beta,13a, 14beta-cholesta-17(20),24-dien-21-oic 16-acetate;a fermentation product of Fusidium coccineum, a parasitic fungus on the plant Veronica; inhibits protein synthesis. See fusidate sodium.ramycin;

fusiform fusiform (fyu´zi-form, fyu´si-)

Spindle-shaped; tapering at both ends. [L. fusus, a spindle, + forma, form]

Fusiformis Fusiformis (fyu-si-for´mis)

An obsolete generic name sometimes used for the anaerobic fusiform bacteria found in the human mouth; these organisms are closely related to the anaerobic organisms found in the human intestine and have been placed in the genus Fusobacterium. [see fusiform]

fusimotor fusimotor (fyu´ze-mo´ter)

Pertaining to the efferent innervation of intrafusal muscle fibers by gamma motor neurons. See also neuromuscular spindle. [L. fusus, spindle, + moveo, to move]

fusion fusion (fyu´zhun)

1. Liquefaction, as by melting by heat. 2. Union, as by joining together. 3. The blending of slightly different images from each eye into a single perception. 4. The joining of two or more adjacent teeth during their development by a dentinal union. See also concrescence. 5. Joining of two genes, often neighboring genes. [L. fusio, a pouring, fr. fundo, pp. fusus, to pour]
cell f. the merging of the contents of two cells by artificial means without the destruction of either, resulting in a heterokaryon that, for at least a few generations, will reproduce its kind; an important method in assignment of loci to chromosomes.
centric f. robertsonian translocation
flicker f. See critical flicker fusion frequency.
nuclear f. the formation of more complex atomic nuclei from less complex nuclei with release of energy, as in the formation of helium nuclei from hydrogen nuclei (hydrogen f.).
spinal f. , spine f. an operative procedure to accomplish bony ankylosis between two or more vertebrae.spondylosyndesis, vertebral f;
splenogonadal f. the formation of a mass consisting of splenic and testicular or ovarian tissue.
vertebral f. spinal f

Fusobacterium Fusobacterium (fyu´zo-bak-ter´e-um)

A genus of bacteria (family Bacteroidaceae) containing Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, obligately anaerobic rods which produce butyric acid as a major metabolic product. Nonmotile and motile organisms occur; motile cells are peritrichous. These organisms are found in cavities of humans and other animals; some species are pathogenic. The type species is F. nucleatum. [L. fusus, a spindle, + bacterium]
F. morti´ferum Sphaerophorus mortiferus;a species found in various infections in humans.
F. necro´phorum Sphaerophorus necrophorus;a bacterial species causing or associated with several necrotic conditions in animals, such as calf diphtheria, labial necrosis of rabbits, necrotic rhinitis of pigs, foot rot of cattle, sheep, and goats, and occasionally necrotic lesions in humans.necrosis bacillus, Schmorl's bacillus;
F. nuclea´tum a species (probably Plaut's or Vincent's bacillus) found in the mouth and in infections of the upper respiratory tract, pleural cavity, and occasionally the lower intestinal tract; it is the type species of the genus F.
F. plau´ti a species found in the buccal cavity; also found in cultures of Entamoeba histolytica.Eubacterium plauti;

fusocellular fusocellular (fyu´zo-sel´yu-lar)

Spindle-celled.

fusospirochetal fusospirochetal (fyu-zo-spI-ro-ke´tal)

Referring to the associated fusiform and spirochetal organisms such as those found in the lesions of Vincent's angina.

fustic fustic (fus´tik)

A complex of natural dyes derived from certain West Indian, Central, and South American trees, Rhus cotinus and Chlorophora tinctoria; used as mordant dyes for textiles. An important dye in the complex is morin, which is associated with the dye maclurin.

fustigation fustigation (fus´ti-ga´shun)

A form of massage consisting in beating the surface with light rods. [L. fustigo, pp. -atus, to beat with a cudgel]

Futcher Futcher

Palmer Howard, U.S.-Canadian physician, *1910. See F.'s line.

Futcher's line Futcher's line

See under line.

FVC FVC

Abbreviation for forced vital capacity.

Fy blood group Fy blood group

See Duffy blood group, Blood Groups Appendix.